Efeito da pulverização com turboatomizadores em diferentes condições operacionais no controle de ácaros em citros

Estudou-se o efeito das pulverizações de azocyclotin por turboatomizadores Jacto Arbus 2000/Export e Arbus 2000/850, sob diferentes condições operacionais, no controle do ácaro purpúreo, Panonychus citri (McGregor), e da leprose, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes); e de Arbus 2000/Export contra o ácaro da falsa ferrugem, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead). Foram instalados três experimentos em pomares de citros (var. Valência) no período de 1994/95. O acaricida azocyclotin na dose 25 g i.a. / 100 litros d'água foi eficiente por 52 dias no controle de B. phoenicis e por 28 dias contra P. oleivora. Variações nas condições operacionais dos turboatomizadores não influenciaram no controle dos ácaros pragas. O produto azocyclotin pulverizado a 75% da dosagem comercial com 35 bicos do tipo JA-2 (Jacto), a 3,6 km/h e na pressão de 2070 kPa proporcionaram níveis de controle equivalentes aos obtidos com 100% da dosagem comercialmente recomendada desse acaricida, até 16 dias, quando aplicado com o turboatomizador Jacto Arbus 2000/Export no controle de P. citri.

Efeito do lítio sobre a hiperatividade locomotora induzida pela lesão eletrolítica da região do núcleo mediano da rafe em ratos

A lesão do núcleo mediano da rafe (NMR) produz sintomas que sugerem validade de face ao episódio maníaco. Esta pesquisa avaliou o efeito do lítio sobre a hiperatividade locomotora induzida por esta lesão. Vinte e um ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos à lesão eletrolítica da região do NMR (LR) e 17 foram submetidos à lesão fictícia (LF). Após recuperação, a atividade locomotora foi avaliada na caixa de atividade (Med Associates/ENV-515). Parte dos animais destes grupos recebeu tratamentos com lítio (47,5 mg/kg/2x dia i.p.) por 10 dias, enquanto o restante foi tratado com salina no mesmo esquema. A reavaliação ao final dos tratamentos demonstrou que o lítio reduziu significantemente a atividade locomotora em relação à avaliação inicial no grupo LR (ANOVA/Bonferroni p < 0,05), tornando-a equivalente aos baixos níveis dos grupos LF. Estes dados sustentam a hipótese de que as manifestações induzidas pela lesão do NMR podem constituir um modelo animal de mania.

Efeito da ovariectomia em novilhas Nelore x Angus, Bos taurus indicus x Bos taurus taurus sobre os ganhos de peso

This study aimed to evaluate the weight gain in cross breed heifers Nelore X Angus, spayed and nonspayed, kept on pasture and confinement. The animals were allotted in two groups as follows: group I consisted of 30 nonspayed heifers with 18 months old. Group 2 was composed of 30 spayed heifers with 18 months old. The animals were allotted in pasture of Brachiaria decumbens and weighted at 39 and 75 days. Significant difference was observed between the average daily gain of the two groups - G1 and G2 (75(th) day), respectively (0.51 kg and 0.65 kg; P<0.0 1). The following day (761 day), all animals were allotted and kept on confinement during 144 days. Significant difference was observed between the average daily gain of the two groups - G I and G2 (1441 day), respectively (0.73 kg and 0.58 kg; P<0.0 1). The results of this experiment show that spayed heifers presented a higher daily gain on pasture.

Mancha-foliar-de-Phyllosticta em gengibre. caracterização cultural do patógeno e efeito de tratamentos químicos no controle da doença em Morretes, Estado do Paraná

The objectives of this work were to determine the micelial growth curve of the pathogen and the sensitivity to some fungicides potencially efficient to disease control. The optimum temperature range for micelial growth of Phyllosticta sp, was between 25 and 27.5 degrees C. The maximum and minimum temperatures for micelial growth were 32.5 degrees C and 10 degrees C. Temperatures of 5 and 35 degrees C completely inhibited the growth of the isolates. Total inhibition of the micelial growth was observed with captan and mancozeb (1000 mg a.i./ml) and triadimenol (100 mg a.i./ml). Partial reduction of the micelial growth was observed with iprodione, methyl tiofanate and chlorothalonil until 1.000 mg/ml. The chemical control of PLS was studied in a commercial area of ginger ''Gigante'', in Morretes, PR, where 18 sprays were carried out, with a break of 7 to 10 days, from December to April. The highest reduction of the area under the disease progress curve standardized (AUDPCs) was observed with the spray of chlorothalonil. With the application of dithianon, cupper oxychloride, folpet, mancozeb and captan it was observed AUDPCs between 15.05 and 18.61 lesions/leaf. Iprodione, benomyl, triadimenol and methyl tiofanate did not control the disease (AUDPCs between 20.03 and 25.04 lesions/leaf). The AUDPCs in the check plot was 35.88 lesions/leaf. There was no significant difference of vigor and of ginger yield between fungicide treatments. The cupper oxichloride was phytotoxic to ginger.

Efeito dos reguladores de crescimento vegetal nas características agronômicas do algodoeiro e no controle de insetos

The experiment was carried out in 1993/94, in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil, to verify the efficiency of plant growth regulators on agronomic characteristics of cotton and as pest control technique. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with four replications and seven treatments: 1) control; 2) ethephon + cyclanilide (720 + 90 g/ha a.i.); 3) ethephon + cyclanilide (960 + 120 g/ha a.i.); 4) ethephon + cyclanilide (1200 + 150 g/ha a.i.); 5) ethephon (960 g/ha a.i.); 6) ethephon (1200 g/ha a.i.) and 7) cyclanilide 150 g/ha a.i.). Results suggest that plant growth regulators can reduce harvest time in 15 days, contributing significantly to decreased late-season squares and immature bolls that serve as feeding and oviposition sites to boll weevils and pink bollworm.

Efeito de aldicarb em populações de pulgão em artrópodes benéficos e na fisiologia do algodoeiro

In order to study the efficiency of aldicarb against aphids, beneficial arthropods, and on cotton physiology, a trial was made at Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, in 1992/93. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with seven replications and three treatments: 1) aldicarb 750 g of a.i./ha; 2) aldicarb 1050 g of a.i./ha; and 3) control. The results showed that aldicarb was effective in the control of aphids. Aldicarb applied in the furrow significantly increased boll number per plant, yield, and precociousness. The beneficial arthropods were not affected.

Electrical conductivity of soybean soaked seeds. I. Effect of genotype

During the period from October/92 to September/94 experiments were carried out at the Seed Laboratory, FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, using soybean seeds of different genotypes in order to evaluate the effect of genotype on the electrical conductivity (bulk conductivity) of soaked seeds. Seed moisture content (105 ± 3°C, 24 h), standard germination (four 50-seed samples, paper towel, 30°C), and vigor-accelerated aging (42°C, 48 h) were first determined. Undamaged soybean seeds were soaked in deionized water (four 50-seed samples, 75 ml, 25°C, 24 h) and electrical conductivity (μmhos.cm+1.g+1) was measured. Significant differences in conductivity were observed among genotypes having the same pattern of germination and vigor. The results have showed that electrical conductivity can be significantly influenced by genotype.

Efeito da somatotropina bovina recombinante no desempenho e nas características químicas da carne de bovinos

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the use of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) in weight gain, feeding efficiency and chemical characteristics of meat of young bulls. Fifty nine young bulls were used: 30 crossbred Simmental x Nelore and 29 Nelore aging between seven to eight months, weighing 236 and 116 kg, respectively. A randomized experiment in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was used. There were two levels of rbST (0 and 250 mg/animal/14 days) and two breed groups subdivided in two experimental phases. Diet was based on corn silage and concentrate aiming at a weight gain of 0.8 a day for Phase I (70 days) and 1.3 kg for Phase II (98 days). Animals were slaughtered at 13 months of age and the measurements of carcass dressing and meat quality were taken. Results showed that cross-breeding animals overcame (p<.01) the Nelore breed in weight gain and final weight at slaughtering. Use of rbST has not influenced weight gain, final weight, carcass weight and chemical characteristics of meat (p>.05). The use of rbST improved feeding efficiency 11.91 % for cross-bred and 24.32% for Nelore in Phase II.

Tempo de latencia e duracao do efeito do brometo de rocuronio no paciente submetido ao transplante renal

Background and Objectives - Successful cadaver kidney transplantation relies on a fast procedure. Patients with chronic renal failure may present with a delayed gastric emptying making it critical a fast tracheal intubation and airway maintenance. Rocuronium a recently introduced nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker with a fast onset. The aim of this study was to evaluate onset time and duration of rocuronium effects in patients undergoing renal transplantation. Methods - Sixty patients were allocated into two groups of 30: Group R (GR) = patients undergoing renal transplantation and Group N (GN) = patients with normal renal function. All patients were premedicated with oral midazolam (15 mg) and anesthesia was induced with 30 μg.kg-1 alfentanil, 0.3 mg.kg-1 etomidate and 0.6 mg.kg-1 rocuronium injected through a central venous catheter. neuromuscular block was monitored by acceleromyography in the ulnar nerve pathway. The following parameters were evaluated: time between administration of rocuronium and first twitch reduction to 5% after supra-maximal stimulation (T1) (onset time = OT); time for first twitch to return to 25% (clinical duration = R25); time elapsed between 25% and 75% recovery of first twitch (relaxation recovery time = R25-75). Heart rate (HR) and mean blood pressure (MBP) were recorded in 6 moments. Results - Median OT was 31 sec. in GR and 47 sec. in GN. Median R25 was 51.5 min in GR and 33.5 min in GN. Median R25-75 was 28 min in GR and 20 min in GN. MBP and HR were higher in GR. Tracheal intubation conditions were excellent for most patients in both groups. Conclusions - These results open the possibility of 0.6 mg.kg-1 rocuronium being injected through a central venous catheter when a faster onset is needed. Due to wide differences in individual responses, monitoring of neuromuscular block is recommended.

Efeito do tratamento com algumas vitaminas B na potencializaçã o do efeito antiinflamatório e antinociceptivo do diclofenaco e da talidomida

The effects of some B vitamins on chemical nociception in mice or paw edema in rats were investigated. A combination of thiamine (B1), pyridoxine (B6) and cyanocobalamin (B12), in doses of 100,100 and 5mg/kg, i.p., respectively, potentiated the inhibition by diclofenac or thalidomide of paw edema induced by carrageenin in rat. Antinociceptive effects of diclofenac and thalidomide inhibition of abdominal contortion were also potentiated by the combination of the vitamins B1, B6 and B12. Thiamine, pyridoxine and cyanocobalamin given singly were effective in potentiating antinociceptive effects of thalidomide, but only cyanocobalamin potentiated these effects of diclofenac, probably reflecting the differing mechanisms of action of the two drugs. The results document the positive influence of B vitamins on antinociceptive effects of diclofenac or thalidomide and support the use of B vitamins to shorten the treatment time and reduce the daily dose of anti-inflammatories.

Efeito do extrato aquoso de Allium sativum L. sobre parâmetros bioquímicos de ratas com diabete induzido por Streptozotocin

Many plants, even without scientific confirmation, are used in Brazil as hypoglycemic. The objective of the present work was to study the influence of the Allium sativum treatment, plant known popularly as garlic, on characteristic biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Female Wistar rats were injected with 40 mg kg-1 streptozotocin (STZ). Oral administration of an aqueous extract of A. sativum was given to the diabetic animals in 2 doses: 200 and 400 mg kg-1 (n=6 animals/group). Diabetic rats given distilled water constituted the control group. After 28 days of treatment, the female rats were anesthetized and died by decapitation for collection of the blood for biochemical determinations and retreat of liver samples for hepatic glycogen dosage. The treatment with Allium sativum in the doses of 200 and 400 mg kg-1 alter no concentrations of total proteins, hepatic glycogen, triglycerides and VLDL, but it promoted reduction in the total cholesterol rate (control=280.5 ± 30.9; 200 mg kg-1 A. sativum =169.9 ± 19.5 and 400 mg kg-1 A. sativum =148.4 ± 26.6 mg dL-1) and LDL (control=128.8± 25.3; 200 mg kg-1 A. sativum = 41.4 ± 16.2 and 400 mg kg-1 A. sativum=42.0 ± 26.0 mg dL-1). The extract presented beneficial effect because it decreased 13.0% of glycemia in the highest dose. Therefore, the of garlic extract reduced the HDL concentration in two tested doses (control= 81.4 ± 30.2; 200 mg kg-1 A. sativum=49.6 ± 14.3 and 400 mg kg-1 A. sativum=41.7 ± 16.1 mg dL -1), presenting impaired effect. Thus, the garlic extract showed efficiency in the analyzed experimental conditions, and it could be used as complementary therapy to diabetic patients.

Efeito da mitomicina c no epitélio ciliar estudo experimental em coelhos com microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de transmissão

Purpose: To evaluate and correlate in the rabbit the possible changes caused by mitomycin C under the scleral flap in the ciliary epithelium with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methods: The eyes of 32 albino rabbits were studied and divided in 4 experimental groups. The right eye (RE) was intended for the experimental groups and the left eye (LE) for the controls. Group I (G1) was formed by 8 eyes that received 0,5 mg/ml of mitomycin C under the scleral flap and were examined after 15 days. Group II (G2) differed from G1 only in the time of the exam, after 30 days. Group III (G3) was formed by 8 eyes that received 0,2 mg/ml of mitomycin C under the scleral flap and were examined after 15 days. Group IV (G4) differed from group 3 just in the time of the exam, after 30 days. In each eye the internal ciliary epithelium were examined with TEM. Results: The following changes in the internal ciliary epithelium were observed in groups G2, G3, and G4 with TEM: discontinuous and irregular basement membrane, more irregular and electron-dense nucleous, enlargement among interdigitation, edematous mitochondria and myelin figures. These alterations were not found in all the animals of the groups. Group G 1 did not present alterations. Roughness in groups G 1, G2, G3 and G4 were observed with SEM. In groups G 1 and G2 continuity solutions were also observed. Conclusion: Mitomycin C in 0,2 mg/ml and 0,5 mg/ml concentrations caused changes in the internal ciliary epithelium 15 and 30 days after, with TEM and SEM. There was no correlation between dosage, time and with TEM and SEM.