Finantial risk analysis of portuguese textile and tourism companies

Textile and tourism sectors are two important industries in the Portuguese economy. However, its high exposure to both internal and international economic volatility make the companies operating in these economic sectors particularly vulnerable to economic crises, such as the ones which have been impacting Portugal and the European Union. The objective of this paper is to evaluate and understand the impact of size and age on the financial health of textile and tourism companies, measured by economic indices. An empirical based model is proposed. Its implications are derived and tested on a sample of 4061 Portuguese companies from textile and tourism sectors, during the period 2005-2009. The findings suggest that age has a major impact on the risk of failure, rather than size. Whereas the effect of age is generally positive regarding the financial health of the company, the effect of size is less clear and ultimately depends on the age of the company.

The impact of size and age of the company on assessing financial risk

Textiles and tourism sectors are two important sectors in Portuguese economy. Its high exposure to both internal and international economy volatility transform the companies operating in these economic sectors especially vulnerable to recent economic crises in Portugal and European Union. The objective of this paper is to evaluate and understand the impact of size and age on the financial health of textile and tourism companies, measured by economic indices. An empirical based model is proposed. Its implications are derived and tested on a sample of 4061 Portuguese companies from textile and tourism sector, during the period 2005-2009. The results conclude that age has a stronger impact on the risk of failure than size. Whereas the effect of age is generally positive regarding the financial health of the company, the effect of size is less clear and depends on the age of the company.

Residents’ perceptions on impacts of hosting the “Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture”: comparisons of the pre-and post-2012 ECOC

Residents tend to have high expectations about the benefits of hosting a mega‐event. So, it was not surprising that the nomination of Guimarães, Portugal, as the 2012 European Capital of Culture (2012 ECOC) had raised great expectations in the local community towards its socio‐economic and cultural benefits. The present research was designed to examine the Guimarães residents’ perceptions on the impacts of hosting the 2012 ECOC approached in two different time schedules, the pre‐ and the post‐event, trying to capture the evolution of the residents` evaluation of its impacts. For getting the data, two surveys were applied to Guimarães` residents, one in the pre‐event phase, in 2011, and another in the post‐event phase, in 2013. This approach is uncommonly applied to Portugal data and it is even the first time it was done to a Portuguese European Capital of Culture. After a factor analysis, the results of t‐tests indicate that there were significant differences (p<0.05) between the samples from the pre‐ and post‐2012 ECOC on two positive impact factors (Community’ benefits and Residents’ benefits) and one negative impact factor (Economic, social and environmental costs). Respondents also showed a negative perception of the impacts in all dimensions, except Changes in habits of Guimarães residents.

Ex-ante evaluation by the media of the Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture

The nomination of Guimarães to host the 2012 European Capital of Culture (ECC) has put on the agenda of the city the need of measuring the effects that the implementation of this mega event could have in it and in the municipality a whole. The balance of the benefits and costs and an extended community involvement tend to reduce negative impacts and enhance positive ones. This chapter analyzes the involvement of population and local associations in the planning and organization of the 2012 Guimarães European Capital of Culture, using the coverage made during 2011 by local and national press of the mega event. A content analysis of the news published covering the period between January and December 2011 and using three newspapers was conducted. From those, two were local and weekly newspapers and one was a national daily one. Looking to data results, it can be concluded that it was poor the community involvement and, also, the one of the cultural associations in the organizations of the 2012 ECC. A strong negative reaction to the model choose to plan the mega event conducted by official organizers was found, which has cast doubts on the desirable participation of the residents and, consequently, on the success of the mega event, especially in a perspective of a medium and long term effects.

DO POCAL ÀS NICSP DO IPSASB: O RECONHECIMENTO DOS BENS DE DOMÍNIO PÚBLICO DOS MUNICÍPIOS PORTUGUESES

Este trabalho tem por objetivos analisar o disposto no POCAL (1999) e nas NICSP do IPSASB quanto ao reconhecimento dos bens de domínio público (BDP), bem como verificar se poderão existir problemas inerentes ao reconhecimento dos BDP em Portugal, ultrapassáveis com a adoção das NICSP em Portugal. Do estudo efetuado, concluímos que o POCAL (1999) não apresenta os requisitos para o reconhecimento dos ativos, e mais especificamente dos bens de domínio público, o que afeta a comparabilidade da informação financeira entre diferentes entidades. A NICSP nº 17 (IPSASB, 2006b), por sua vez, refere que, se a entidade reconhecer este tipo de ativos, deve observar os requisitos para o reconhecimento dos ativos fixos tangíveis mencionados nessa norma. Portanto, adotar um novo Sistema de Normalização Contabilística aplicável à Administração Pública (SNC-AP), assente nas NICSP, poderá ser a solução para garantir comparabilidade da informação, no que respeita ao reconhecimento dos BDP.

Economic analysis of occupational risk prevention: a case study in a textile company

Work accidents affect business and society as a whole. Fewer accidents mean fewer sick leaves, which results in lower costs and less disruption in the production process, with clear advantages for the employer. But workers and their households bear also a significant burden following a work accident, only partially compen-sated by insurance systems. Furthermore, the consequences of work accidents to the State and Society need also to be considered. When an organization performs an integrated risk analysis in evaluating its Occupational Health and Safety Management System, several steps are suggested to address the identified risk situations. Namely, to avoid risks, a series of preventive measures are identified. The organization should make a detailed analysis of the monetary impact (positive or negative) for the organization of each of the measures considered. Particularly, it is also important to consider the impact of each measure on society, involving an adequate eco-nomic cost-benefit analysis. In the present paper, a case study in a textile finishing company is presented. The study concentrates on the dyeing and printing sections. For each of the potential risks, several preventive measures have been identified and the corresponding costs and benefits have been estimated. Subsequently, the Benefit/Cost ratio (B/C) of these measures has been calculated, both in financial terms (from the organisa-tion’s perspective) and in economic terms (including the benefits for the worker and for the Society). Results show that, while the financial analysis in terms of the company does not justify the preventive measures, when the externalities are taken into account, the B/C ratio increases significantly and investments are fully justified.

Developments regarding the integration of the occupational safety and health with quality and environment management systems

Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter on na almost atomic scale to produce new structures, materials, and devices. As potential occupational exposure to nanomaterials (NMs) becomes more prevalente, it is importante that the principles of medical surveillance and risk management be considered for workers in the nanotechnology industry.However, much information about health risk is beyond our current knowledge. Thus, NMs presente new challenges to understanding, predicting, andmanageing potential health risks. First, we briefly describe some general features of NMs and list the most importante types of NMs. This review discusses the toxicological potential of NMs by comparing possible injury mechanism and know, or potentially adverse, health effects. We review the limited research to date for occupational exposure to these particles and how a worker might be exposed to NMs. The principles of medical surveillance are reviewed to further the discussion of occupational health surveillance are reviewed to further the discussion of occupational health surveillance for workers exposed to NMs. We outlinehow occupational health professionals could contribute to a better knowledge of health effects by the utilization of a health surveillance program and by minimizing exposure. Finally, we discuss the early steps towards regulation and the difficulties facing regulators in controlling potentially harmful exposures in the absence of suficiente scientific evidence.

Integration of risk management in occupational health and safety systems

Risk management can be considered as part of the Occupational Health and Safety System (OHS) of an organization and can be used to develop and implement the OHS policy and manage the associated risks. The success of the integration of risk management in OHS depends on both technical and human aspects. Thus, this paper presents and discusses the case of a company working in the area of solid waste treatment. This company was certified in 2009 with an Integrated Management Systems for Quality, Environment, Occupational Health and Safety. The evolution of accidents before and after the implementation of the integrated system was analysed and a questionnaire was used to capture the perceptions of the technicians on the risk management system. The analysis of the findings showed that the frequency of accidents increased since 2009 but the severity has been reduced. Several interrelated causes and consequences were analysed and discussed. Furthermore, the analysis of the opinions of the company’s technicians permitted to highlight some important aspects on the integration of risk management in the OHS system of the company. In line with this discussion some hypothesis have been formulated.

O reconhecimento dos heritage assets: o caso dos municípios da sub-região Minho--Lima

Este trabalho tem por objetivos analisar o disposto no POCAL (1999), na NICSP nº 17 do IPSASB (2006c), e na opinião de diversos autores, quanto ao reconhecimento dos heritage assets; bem como, verificar se poderão existir problemas inerentes ao reconhecimento dos heritage assets, na sub-região Minho-Lima, ultrapassáveis com a adoção das NICSP em Portugal. Do estudo efetuado, concluímos que o POCAL (1999) não apresenta os requisitos para o reconhecimento dos ativos. A NICSP nº 17 (IPSASB, 2006c) refere que, se a entidade reconhecer esses elementos como ativos, deve observar os requisitos para o reconhecimento dos ativos fixos tangíveis mencionados nessa norma. Atendendo também a que alguns dos municípios portugueses sentem dificuldades no reconhecimento dos heritage assets, concluímos que adotar um novo Sistema de Normalização Contabilística aplicável à Administração Pública (SNC-AP), assente nas NICSP, poderá ser a solução para ultrapassar tais dificuldades e garantir alguma comparabilidade da informação.

O reconhecimento dos bens do património histórico, artístico e cultural: esudo de caso dos municípios da sub-região Minho-Lima

Este trabalho tem por objetivos analisar o disposto no POCAL (1999), na NICSP nº 17 do IPSASB (2006c), e na opinião de diversos autores, quanto ao reconhecimento dos bens do património, histórico, artístico e cultural (BPHAC); bem como, verificar se poderão existir problemas inerentes ao reconhecimento destes bens, na sub-região Minho-Lima, ultrapassáveis com a adoção das NICSP em Portugal. Do estudo efetuado, concluímos que o POCAL (1999) não apresenta os requisitos para o reconhecimento dos ativos. A NICSP nº 17 (IPSASB, 2006c) refere que, se a entidade reconhecer esses elementos como ativos, deve observar os requisitos para o reconhecimento dos ativos fixos tangíveis mencionados nessa norma. Atendendo também a que alguns dos municípios portugueses sentem dificuldades no reconhecimento dos bens do património, histórico, artístico e cultural, concluímos que adotar um novo Sistema de Normalização Contabilística aplicável à Administração Pública (SNCAP), assente nas NICSP, poderá ser a solução para ultrapassar tais dificuldades e garantir alguma comparabilidade da informação.

A HIPÓTESE INTEGRADORA DA GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA E DA RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL CORPORATIVA SOB O ENFOQUE DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS

A governança corporativa e a responsabilidade social corporativa são dois instrumentos que têm o caráter de atingir a excelência da organização empresarial. Por sua vez, os mesmos foram instrumentalizados como meio de proteção dos interesses dos agentes privados com vista à potencialização da sociedade empresarial, motivados pela desconfiança dos processos decisórios dos administradores societários. Posteriormente, evoluiram sob a forma de códigos de condutas, ditados pelos organismos de controle empresarial, sempre conservando o caráter voluntário de sua aceitação. Alguns objetivos sequer foram incluídos nos seus processos internos de excelência, como por exemplo os direitos humanos de determinados stakeholders. Esse ponto é o objeto principal desta investigação, que busca evidenciar a hipótese de integração da governança corporativa e da responsabilidade social corporativa sob o enfoque dos direitos humanos. § The Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility are two instruments that have the character to achieve excellence in business organization. On the other hand, they have been exploited as a way of protecting the interests of private agents for enhancement of corporate society, motivated by the distrust of the decision-making process of corporate managers. Later, it evolved in the form of codes of conduct, dictated by the bodies of corporate control, always preserving the voluntary nature of their acceptance. Some objectives were not even included in its internal process of excellence, such as the human rights of certain stakeholders. This point is the main object of this research, which seeks to demonstrate the possibility of integration of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility in the human rights perspective.

O Balanced Scorecard Aplicado à Administração Pública

O Balanced Scorecard, apesar de inicialmente ter sido desenvolvido para avaliar o desempenho de organizações com fins lucrativos, revelou-se um instrumento dinâmico e flexível, com utilidade para as organizações onde o lucro não constitui o principal objectivo. A sua aplicação ao sector público começa a ser significativa, essencialmente no contexto internacional, onde a implementação e a comunicação da estratégia, em todos os níveis organizacionais, se revela fudamental. A aplicabilidade do Balanced Scorecard às organizações públicas é defendida por vários autores, desde que a sua implementação se adapte à realidade concreta de cada instituição, sendo necessário, por vezes, alterar o modelo original de Kaplan e Norton.Dada a importância e a utilidade do Balanced Scorecard para o sector público, este livro revela-se pertinente e actual, tendo como objectivos colmatar a falta de literatura existente sobre a aplicabilidade do Balanced Scorecard na Administração Pública e, por outro lado, proporcionar um instrumento de trabalho útil para os profissionais que desejam implementar o Balanced Scorecard, ou um modelo com caracteríticas semelhantes, na gestão da sua organização. Deste modo, o livro apresentado revela-se útil quer para profissionais quer para académicos que têm interesse no estudo da Administração Pública.

Use of Performance Measurement in the Public Sector: the case of the police service

Many public organisations have been under great pressure in recent years to increase the efficiency and transparency of outputs, to rationalise the use of public resources, and to increase the quality of service delivery. In this context, public organisations were encouraged to introduce the New Public Management reforms with the goal of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the performance organisation through a new public management model. This new public management model is based on measurement by outputs and outcomes, a clear definition of responsibilities, the transparency and accountability of governmental activities, and on a greater value for citizens. What type of performance measurement systems are used in police services? Based on the literature, we see that multidimensional models, such as the Balanced Scorecard, are important in many public organisations, like municipalities, universities, and hospitals. Police services are characterised by complex, diverse objectives and stakeholders. Therefore, performance measurement of these public services calls for a specific analysis. Based on a nationwide survey of all police chiefs of the Portuguese police force, we find that employee performance measurement is the main form of measurement. Also, we propose a strategic map for the Portuguese police service.

Fatores determinantes da opinião do auditor: estudo empírico das empresas portuguesas

As constantes mudanças que ocorrem no tecido empresarial instigam a instabilidade e desconfiança dos utilizadores da informação financeira. Neste contexto, os stakeholders procuram informação financeira fiável e clara para tomarem decisões ponderadas e com o menor risco possível. No sentido de satisfazer estas necessidades, os organismos profissionais de contabilidade têm manifestado grande preocupação em garantir a qualidade da informação financeira. A solução para o cumprimento dos objetivos anteriores deve passar pela realização de uma auditoria uma vez que esta função desempenha um importante papel no seio das empresas, quer no processo de prestação de contas, quer na redução das assimetrias de informação. No entanto, o processo de auditoria apresenta limitações que nem sempre são consideradas pelos utilizadores da informação financeira. Há, de facto, uma série de determinantes que pretendemos estudar neste trabalho que são suscetíveis de influenciar a opinião que o auditor irá emitir na certificação legal de contas (CLC). Para o efeito, debruçamo-nos sobre os relatórios e contas, referentes ao ano de 2011, de 50 empresas registadas na Comissão do Mercado de Valores Mobiliários (CMVM) para analisar a a influência dos seguintes fatores: tipo de Sociedade de Revisores Oficiais de Contas (SROC) a que o auditor pertence, o sexo e a experiência profissional do auditor, os honorários recebidos pelo auditor pelos serviços de Revisão Legal de Contas (RLC) e extra RLC. Os resultados revelaram que a opinião do auditor não é influenciada, significativamente, por nenhum dos fatores estudados, o que pode indiciar grande independência do auditor.

As práticas de auditoria interna nas Instituições Públicas de Ensino Superior portuguesas

Este artigo visa analisar as práticas de auditoria interna (AI) nas Instituições Públicas de Ensino Superior (IPES). A metodologia utilizada para desenvolver este trabalho foi o inquérito por questionário, submetido on-line, às IPES portuguesas. Como resultado foi obtida uma taxa de resposta de 43%. Com este estudo concluímos que a maioria das IPES não tem departamento de AI, nem sabe quando o poderá ter. Nos politécnicos, ao contrário das universidades, a existência de um departamento de AI está relacionada com a dimensão da instituição. De facto, com este projeto verificámos que ainda existe um longo percurso a percorrer para que as IPES e os seus órgãos de gestão estejam sensibilizados para a importância da AI. Assim, esperamos que com o presente artigo tenhamos contribuído para enriquecer um pouco mais a literatura académica, apresentar a importância da AI e os benefícios associados a esta para que possa despertar o interesse para a sua implementação.