Atividades de segurança e qualidade alimentar desenvolvidas numa Empresa de distribuição alimentar: rotulagem e identificação de perigos

O consumidor pretende conhecer melhor a origem e o processo de produção dos alimentos que consome. Além disso, exige que esta informação seja clara, compreensível e que forneça garantias de segurança e qualidade alimentar. O Regulamento (UE) N.º 1169/2011 constitui a recente iniciativa da União Europeia em fornecer aos consumidores maior confiança e segurança na escolha dos produtos alimentares. Para garantir a segurança dos géneros alimentícios é necessário implementar medidas de controlo ao longo da cadeia alimentar, desde da produção primária até ao consumidor. Este estudo propõe analisar quantitativamente as conformidades e não conformidades identificadas nos rótulos dos produtos alimentares face às novas exigências do Regulamento (UE) N.º 1169/2011; identificar os perigos na cadeia de produção e distribuição até ao consumidor final e definir medidas para controlar esses perigos. Analisou-se 315 rótulos de cinco grupos de alimentos diferentes relativos aos seguintes parâmetros: tamanho da letra, alergénios, origem específica vegetal dos óleos e gorduras, condições de conservação e prazo de consumo após abertura, país de origem, proteínas adicionadas e respetiva origem a acompanhar a denominação do género alimentício e declaração nutricional. A identificação de perigos foi realizada para as massas alimentícias, azeitonas pretas oxidadas, óleo de girassol e chouriço de carne. Verificou-se que existem rótulos em todos os grupos de alimentos que não cumprem todas as disposições exigidas. O prazo de consumo após abertura, tamanho da letra e os alergénios foram disposições que revelaram maior necessidade de revisão. Identificou-se um conjunto de perigos inerentes ao produto e sugeriu-se medidas a implementar pelo fornecedor, com vista ao seu controlo. Espera-se que a implementação do regulamento seja benéfica para as empresas e consumidores, por simplificar e clarificar o processo de rotulagem. A prevenção de doenças alimentares inclui não só boas práticas na produção alimentar e o controlo dos perigos, como também a educação dos consumidores.

Tissue expander complications in plastic surgery: a 10-year experience

INTRODUCTION: Tissue expanders have been of great value in plastic surgery. Tissue expansion was developed for a specific indication; however, within a very short time, the concept of tissue expansion found wide applicability. From 1990 to 1999, 315 expanders in 164 patients were utilized. A retrospective analysis of complications and prognostic factors for complications were done. METHODS: The indications for tissue expansion were burns (50%), trauma (32%), and sequelae of previous surgery (8.8%). The expanders were inserted most frequently in the scalp, trunk and neck. RESULTS: There were 22.2% of complications and the most common were expander exposure (50%), infection (24%) and bad function of the expander (12.8%). The present study revealed an increased rate of minor complications in the group of 0 to 10 years of age and an increased rate of major complications for face and neck expansions compared to trunk expansion. There were no increased complication rates for the other age and anatomic site groups, previous expansion, concomitant expansion and type of expander used. CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes from tissue expansion procedures done in our hospital are similar to those reported in the literature. Tissue expansion is a good and safe technique.

Biomassa da parte aérea da vegetação da Floresta Tropical úmida de terra-firme da Amazônia Brasileira

Usando um banco de dados com 315 árvores, com DAP≥5 cm, foram testados quatro modelos estatísticos - linear, não linear e dois logarítmicos - para estimar a biomassa de árvores em pé. Os dados foram coletados, de forma destrutiva, na região de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas, em um sítio coberto por floresta de terra-fírme sobre platôs de latossolo amarelo. Em diferentes simulações com diferentes intensidades de amostragem, os quatro modelos estimam precisamente a biomassa, sendo que o afastamento entre a média observada e a estimada, em nenhuma ocasião ultrapassou 5%. As equações para estimar a biomassa de árvores individuais em uma parcela fixa, distintamente para árvores com 5≤ DAP<20 cm e com DAP≥20 cm, são mais consistentes do que o uso de uma única equação para estimar, genericamente, todas as árvores com DAP≥5 cm. O modelo logarítmico com apenas uma variável independente, o DAP, apresenta resultados tão consistentes e precisos quanto os modelos que se utilizam também da variável altura total da árvore. Além do modelo estatístico para estimar o peso da massa fresca total de uma árvore, outras informações são apresentadas, estratificadas nos diferentes compartimentos (tronco, galho grosso, galho fino, folhas e, eventualmente, flores e frutos) de uma árvore, como: concentração de água para estimar o peso da massa seca, concentração carbono e a contribuição do peso de cada compartimento no peso total.

A decision support system for a waste collection vehicle routing problem

The selective collection of municipal solid waste for recycling is a very complex and expensive process, where a major issue is to perform cost-efficient waste collection routes. Despite the abundance of commercially available software for fleet management, they often lack the capability to deal properly with sequencing problems and dynamic revision of plans and schedules during process execution. Our approach to achieve better solutions for the waste collection process is to model it as a vehicle routing problem, more specifically as a team orienteering problem where capacity constraints on the vehicles are considered, as well as time windows for the waste collection points and for the vehicles. The final model is called capacitated team orienteering problem with double time windows (CTOPdTW).We developed a genetic algorithm to solve routing problems in waste collection modelled as a CTOPdTW. The results achieved suggest possible reductions of logistic costs in selective waste collection.

Evaluation of foamed bitumen efficiency in warm asphalt mixtures recycling

The recycling of pavements is nowadays a very important question to the road paving industry. With the objective of incorporating higher percentages of reclaimed asphalt (RA) materials in recycled asphalt mixtures, new techniques have been developed in the last years. The use of foamed bitumen is normally associated with the production of cold asphalt mixtures, which usually show lower quality standards. However, the objective of the work presented in this paper is to assess the use of foamed bitumen as the binder of warm asphalt mixtures incorporating 30% RA, which have quality standards similar to those of conventional mixtures. Thus, five mixtures have been produced with 30% RA, one of them with a conventional bitumen (control mix) and the others with foamed bitumen at different production temperatures. The mixtures were tested for compactability and water sensitivity and the results show a possible reduction of 25 ºC in the production temperatures, while the water sensitivity test results were kept close to 90 %.

Plastic waste use as aggregate and binder modifier in open-graded asphalts

Road pavements are very important infrastructures for the Society, but they can cause serious environmental impacts during construction, operation and rehabilitation phases. Thus, it is essential to develop surface paving solutions that promote not only the durability but also a comfortable and safe use. In fact, this work aims to study the properties of new opengraded mixtures for surface layers produced with plastic wastes. First, HDPE and EVA wastes were used as bitumen modifiers, and then another plastic waste (PEX) replaced part of the aggregates. After studying the modified binders, the open-graded mixtures were designed, and then they were tested concerning their particle loss, rutting resistance, surface texture and damping effect. It was concluded that both ways of using the plastic wastes can improve the mechanical and functional properties of the open-graded mixtures related to the pavement performance.

Candida bracarensis: Evaluation of virulence factors and its tolerance to Amphotericin B and Fluconazole

Candida bracarensis is an uncommon Candida species found during an epidemiological study of candidiasis performed in Braga, Portugal. Initially, it was identified as C. glabrata, but recently detailed analyses pointed out their differences. So, little information is still available about C. bracarensis virulence factors and antifungal susceptibilities. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to evaluate the ability of C. bracarensis to form biofilms, to produce hydrolytic enzymes (proteases, phospholipases and hemolysins), as well as its susceptibility to amphotericin B and fluconazole. It was shown, for the first time, that all C. bracarensis strains were able to form biofilms and display proteinase and hemolytic activities. Moreover, although planktonic cells presented antifungal susceptibility, amphotericin B and fluconazole were unable to inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate pre-formed biofilms. Due to the propensity of C. bracarensis to display antifungal resistance and virulence attributes, the control of these emerging pathogens is recommended.

Foreword [Occupational Safety and Hygiene III]

[Excerpt] This book is the third edition of this series of publications that are entitled “Occupational Safety and Hygiene”. The main contributions for this book were, once again, the works previously submitted and approved to be presented at the annual Symposium of the Portuguese Society of Occupational Safety and Hygiene (SPOSHO), which is celebrating its 11th edition in 2015. The SHO2015—International Symposium on Occupational Safety and Hygiene, similarly to the past seven years, was held in the School of Engineering at University of Minho in Guimarães, Portugal.

The diagnostic and prognostic role of liquid-based cytology: are we ready to monitor therapy and resistance?

Here, we evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic role of liquid-based cytology (LBC) in different body lesions, including thyroid, lung, effusions and malignant breast lesions. LBC has gained consensus after being applied to both non-gynecologic and fine-needle aspiration cytology. Although some remain sceptical regarding the diagnostic efficacy of LBC, mainly when used alone, in recent years, good results have been obtained as long as it showed a high diagnostic accuracy. Here, we discuss the additional possibility of storing material for the application of ancillary techniques (immunocytochemistry–molecular analysis) with several diagnostic and prognostic advantages, which may pave the way for the challenging evaluation of both monitoring responses to treatment and resistance to targeted therapies in thyroid, lung, breast carcinoma or malignant effusions. Furthermore, it provides the use of several molecular spots as specific targets for personalized therapy.

Exploring scenario exploration

Model finders are very popular for exploring scenarios, helping users validate specifications by navigating through conforming model instances. To be practical, the semantics of such scenario exploration operations should be formally defined and, ideally, controlled by the users, so that they are able to quickly reach interesting scenarios. This paper explores the landscape of scenario exploration operations, by formalizing them with a relational model finder. Several scenario exploration operations provided by existing tools are formalized, and new ones are proposed, namely to allow the user to easily explore very similar (or different) scenarios, by attaching preferences to model elements. As a proof-of-concept, such operations were implemented in the popular Alloy Analyzer, further increasing its usefulness for (user-guided) scenario exploration.

Estudo morfométrico do miocárdio em adultos com subnutrição protéico-energética

OBJETIVO:Comparar o tamanho das células musculares e a presença de lipofuscina no coração de adultos necropsiados, subnutridos e controles. MÉTODOS:De uma casuística inicial de 315 necropsias de adultos, foram excluídos casos com sinais de retenção hídrica, cardiopatias, hepatopatias, hipertensão e nefropatias. Subnutrição foi caracterizada pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC) <17kg/m². Fragmentos de miocárdio foram processados para morfometria computadorizada, determinando-se a espessura dos miocardiócitos e a presença de lipofuscina. RESULTADOS:Subnutridos (n=8) e controles (n=4) foram estatisticamente diferentes, respectivamente, quanto ao IMC (14,86±1,13 vs 22,02±0,9kg/m²), relação peso cardíaco/peso corporal (0,68±0,09 vs 0,54±0,07%), espessura de miocardiócitos (10,91±0,77 vs 12,90±1,82µm) e presença de lipofuscina no miocárdio (39,1 vs 54,4%). CONCLUSÃO: Comparados aos controles, adultos subnutridos têm menores espessuras de miocardiócitos e presença de lipofuscina, fenômenos que refletiriam um distúrbio metabólico com repercussões clínicas danosas em pacientes terminais.

The effect of hydrodynamic conditions in Corynebacterium glutamicum growth

[Excerpt] Corynebacterium glutamicum is a facultative anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium with a GRAS status that grows fast and achieves high cell densities. C. glutamicum is commonly used in amino acids production, and is also able to convert sugars in organic acids (OA) and alcohols in specific conditions: anaerobic and limited-oxygen environments. In these conditions, the carbon metabolism is modified, namely the flux shifts from the pentose phosphate pathway to glycolysis and the TCA cycle flux decreases and consequently bacterial growth is strongly affected [1,2]. (...)

Self-esteem, assertiveness and resilience in adolescents institutionalized

The institutionalization of children and adolescents has been an increasingly visible problem in modern society. Unfavourable socio-economic conditions have been joining the behavior problems and school absenteeism. When the family fails in its competence for education, social security or the Court withdraws the child or adolescent to a host institution. The aim of this research was to characterize self-esteem, assertiveness and resilience of institutionalized adolescents in the northern region of Portugal and to establish associations with these dependent variables and gender, scholar level and duration of the institutionalization. For the purpose of this study a wider questionnaire was carried out, and validated with a smaller group. It was a transversal study following a predominantly quantitative methodology, with a convenience sample. The sample included 101 adolescents (55 female and 46 males) from eight institutions, aged between 11 to 21 years old (average 15.45). For self-esteem the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), already validate for Portuguese adolescents, was used. For assertiveness and resilience it was applied the Global Evaluation Scale of Assertiveness and the Global Evaluation Scale of Resilience (Jardim & Pereira, 2006) we previously adapted and validated for adolescents. Collected data was introduced in a SPSS database. A descriptive analysis was done to characterize the sample concerning all the variables. To establish associations between individual factors and dependent variables t test, correlations and non-parametric test were applied. Results indicated a relatively low self-esteem (28.03), with girls having a lower value than boys, without significant differences. No correlations were found between self-esteem and the time in the institution. Assertiveness of the sample is average (23.97) and higher for girls than boys, with a positive significant correlation with the scholar grade. Also the resilience is average (25.97), having girls a little lower mean than boys and no significant differences or correlations were found.

Does a circadian variation occur in myocardial ischemia over 48 hours in patients with unstable angina?

OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of and variation in myocardial ischemia over 48 hours in patients with unstable angina. METHODS: Thirty-nine patients with unstable angina underwent long-term electrocardiography for 48 hours. The number of events and the period of time of ischemia (in minutes) were analyzed for the 48 hours, in two periods of 24 hours, and in periods of 4 hours. RESULTS: We analyzed 1755.8 hours of monitoring tapes, and ischemic episodes were detected in 18 (46.2%) patients, corresponding to 173 ischemic episodes, allowing the evaluation of 1304 minutes of ischemia.only 4 of which were (2.2%) symptomatic, Considering the entire period of time of recording and the predetermined time intervals, we observed a higher number of ischemic episodes (38) and a longer duration of ischemia (315.4 minutes) between 11:00 am and 3:00 pm. However, no significant differences occurred among the values in the different intervals. CONCLUSION: Long-term electrocardiography over 48 hours showed a high incidence (97.8%) of silent ischemic episodes in patients with unstable angina. No evidence of a circadian variation of myocardial ischemia in unstable angina was observed.

Mother-to-infant emotional involvement at birth

Objectives. To study mother-to-infant emotional involvement at birth, namely factors (socio-demographics, previous life events, type of delivery, pain at childbirth, support from partner, infant characteristics, early experiences with the newborn, and mother’s mood) that interfere with the mother’s positive, negative and not clear emotions toward the newborn. Methods. The Bonding Scale (an extended Portuguese version of the ‘New Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale’) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were administrated during the first after delivery days to 315 mothers recruited at Ju´lio Dinis Maternity Hospital (MJD, Porto, Portugal). Results. A worse emotional involvement with the newborn was observed when the mother was unemployed, unmarried, had less than grade 9, previous obstetrical/psychological problems or was depressed, as well as when the infant was female, had neonatal problems or was admitted in the intensive care unit. Lower total bonding results were significantly predicted when the mother was depressed and had a lower educational level; being depressed, unemployed and single predicted more negative emotions toward the infant as well. No significant differences in the mother-to-infant emotional involvement were obtained for events related to childbirth, such as type of delivery, pain and partner support, or early experiences with the newborn; these events do not predict mother’s bonding results either. Conclusion. The study results support the need for screening and supporting depressed, unemployed and single mothers, in order to prevent bonding difficulties with the newborn at birth.