水果湖湾蓝藻水华的形成及其对东湖影响的评价

中国科学院创新前沿项目(055102-1-501); 国家“863”项目(2005AA60101005)资助

Pulsewidth switchable, wavelength tuneable ultrafast fiber laser mode-locked by carbon nanotubes

Employing a nanotube-based saturable absorber, we demonstrate a continuously tunable (1533-1563nm) ultrafast fiber laser, with output pulsewidth switchable between picosecond (1.2 ps) and femtosecond (610 fs) regimes. © 2012 IEEE.

西藏亚东鲑的胚胎发育

通过对2002年12月-2003年3月养殖的亚东鲑胚胎进行观察,并结合1999年12月-2000年5月和2000年12月-2001年5月所取样品的对照,对其胚胎发育的过程进行了详细描述。根据胚胎发育的外部形态及典型特征将亚东鲑胚胎发育过程分为10个时期;在平均水温4.3℃条件下,从受精到出膜需要大约339.7~447.2积温(度.日)不等;胚胎发育的天数与积温呈明显的线性相关;胚胎发育的各期对外界环境的敏感性不同,体节形成至发眼前期这一阶段对外环境比较敏感;不同大小的卵对孵化率没有显著影响;出膜时仔鱼的平

单苯环氯取代指数法预测二噁类化合物PCDDs的正辛醇/水分配系数

采用单苯环氯取代指数作为氯代二苯并二口恶口英类化合物 (PCDDs)的分子结构描述符 ,通过正向逐步线性回归方法建立了PCDDs的logKow与分子结构描述符之间的定量关系模型。与文献报道的MOD模型相比 ,该模型不仅具有显著的相关性 (n =43,Radj=0 898,SE =0 195 ,在α =0 0 5时 ,F =2 0 45 5 ,p =0 0 0 0 0 ) ,而且对于分子结构具有更好的区分能力。利用建立的模型 ,对没有logKow文献值的其他 33种PCDDs化合物给出了预测值

Effect of95 241Am(n, γ) reaction branching ratio on fuel cycle and reactor design characteristics

The growing interest in innovative reactors and advanced fuel cycle designs requires more accurate prediction of various transuranic actinide concentrations during irradiation or following discharge because of their effect on reactivity or spent-fuel emissions, such as gamma and neutron activity and decay heat. In this respect, many of the important actinides originate from the 241Am(n,γ) reaction, which leads to either the ground or the metastable state of 242Am. The branching ratio for this reaction depends on the incident neutron energy and has very large uncertainty in the current evaluated nuclear data files. This study examines the effect of accounting for the energy dependence of the 241Am(n,γ) reaction branching ratio calculated from different evaluated data files for different reactor and fuel types on the reactivity and concentrations of some important actinides. The results of the study confirm that the uncertainty in knowing the 241Am(n,γ) reaction branching ratio has a negligible effect on the characteristics of conventional light water reactor fuel. However, in advanced reactors with large loadings of actinides in general, and 241Am in particular, the branching ratio data calculated from the different data files may lead to significant differences in the prediction of the fuel criticality and isotopic composition. Moreover, it was found that neutron energy spectrum weighting of the branching ratio in each analyzed case is particularly important and may result in up to a factor of 2 difference in the branching ratio value. Currently, most of the neutronic codes have a single branching ratio value in their data libraries, which is sometimes difficult or impossible to update in accordance with the neutron spectrum shape for the analyzed system.

环境温度对水体中污染指示菌存活的影响

环境温度对水体中污染指示菌存活的影响万登榜（中国科学院水生生物研究所，武汉４３００７２）ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＬＴＥＭＰＥＲＡＴＵＲＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＳＵＲ－ＶＩＶＡＬＯＦＰＯＬＬＵＴＩＯＮＩＮＤＩＣＡＴＯＲＢＡＣＴＥＲＩＡＩＮＷＡＴＥ...

长江三峡地区的原生动物区系研究

作者于1984、1987和1988年对长江三峡地区的原生动物区系组成和生态分布进行了调查。从奉节下至宜昌的峡区共鉴定了320种原生动物,包括鞭毛虫(无色植鞭虫和动鞭毛虫)40种、肉足虫87种和纤毛虫193种。其中有2新种、4新亚种和87种新记录。峡区原生动物绝大部分可在我国其它地区存在,无地理分布差异。根据出现率的高低分析,主要优势种是珍珠映毛虫、钩刺斜管虫、瞬目膜袋虫和小轮毛虫,以第一优势种珍珠映毛虫为代表的成分反映了亚热带特征,代表了东洋界的地理成分。宜昌干流及支流的种类最多,后者为其它江段支流的2.

鲮鱼冷休克及其死亡的某些生化因素

采用分光光度法和淀粉凝胶电泳法初步研究了鲮鱼冷休克前后脑乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活力和三种酶的同工酶类的动态变化。并根据鲮鱼在冷休克期间(7—6℃)脑AchE活力显著降低和肝脏组织乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶活性明显升高以及苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、酯酶(EST)同工酶类出现酶活性变化的情况,讨论了导致鲮鱼耐寒能力差的某些生化因素。同时提出脑AchE可以作为评定鲮鱼冷休克期间中枢神经系统受害程度的一种生化指标。

A parametrically excited vibration energy harvester

In the arena of vibration energy harvesting, the key technical challenges continue to be low power density and narrow operational frequency bandwidth. While the convention has relied upon the activation of the fundamental mode of resonance through direct excitation, this article explores a new paradigm through the employment of parametric resonance. Unlike the former, oscillatory amplitude growth is not limited due to linear damping. Therefore, the power output can potentially build up to higher levels. Additionally, it is the onset of non-linearity that eventually limits parametric resonance; hence, this approach can also potentially broaden the operating frequency range. Theoretical prediction and numerical modelling have suggested an order higher in oscillatory amplitude growth. An experimental macro-sized electromagnetic prototype (practical volume of ∼1800 cm3) when driven into parametric resonance, has demonstrated around 50% increase in half power band and an order of magnitude higher peak power density normalised against input acceleration squared (293 μW cm-3 m-2 s4 with 171.5 mW at 0.57 m s-2) in contrast to the same prototype directly driven at fundamental resonance (36.5 μW cm-3 m-2 s4 with 27.75 mW at 0.65 m s-2). This figure suggests promising potentials while comparing with current state-of-the-art macro-sized counterparts, such as Perpetuum's PMG-17 (119 μW cm-3 m-2 s4). © The Author(s) 2013.

Grass carp reovirus activates RNAi pathway in rare minnow, Gobiocypris rarus

Dicer catalyzes the initiation step of RNA interference (RNAi) which is known to play a significant role in innate immune response to viral infection in many organisms. To study the RNAi-related pathway after virus infection in fish, we identified a partial cDNA sequence of dicer from rare minnow, Gobiocypris rants. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) demonstrated the Dicer transcript level was the highest at zygote stage, decreased at prim-5 stage, and was stable from the protruding mouth to adult stage. Regular RT-PCR analysis showed that the Dicer gene expressed widely in the tested tissues, including brain, gill, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, muscle, ovary, spleen and testis. The expression of Dicer mRNA was significantly increased in the early period of Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection, and declined from 24 It post-injection (h p.i.) (P<0.05). The mRNA expression returned to control levels at 48 h p.i. (P>0.05). Under transmission electron microscope, virions were difficulty to find out in 12 h p.i., and virus inclusion bodies and few scattered viral particles were easily visualized from 24 h p.i. to moribund. These results implied GCRV triggered the RNAi pathway in the early stages of infection and perhaps virus inclusion bodies suppressed the antiviral functions of RNAi mechanism. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Effects of pure microcystin-LR on the transcription of immune related genes and heat shock proteins in larval stage of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Microcystins (MCs) are cyanobacterial toxins in water blooms that have received increasing attention as a public biohazard for human and animal health. Previous studies were mainly focused on the toxic effects on adult fish, rather than juvenile or larvae, and the response of fish immune system were usually neglected. This paper presents the first data of the effects of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) on transcription of several genes essential for early lymphoid development (Rag1, Rag2, Ikaros, GATA1, Lck and TCR alpha) and heat shock proteins (HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP27) in zebrafish larvae. Relative changes of mRNA transcription were analyzed by real time PCR. The transcription of Rag1, Rag2, Ikaros, GATA1, Lck and TCR alpha were up-regulated when following exposure to 800 mu g/L MC-LR, which may indicate that specific lymphocytes differentiation and TCR/lg arrangement are induced to counteract the toxic effects of MC-LR. It was also interesting to note the dramatically increased transcription of HSP90. HSP70, HSP60 and HSP27, which may indicate their important roles as molecular chaperones under oxidative stress. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.