440 resultados para toxicomanía


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Investigación diseñada para buscar una tipología de consumidores de riesgo entre jóvenes de 18 a 25 años. Se lleva a cabo a partir de una selección intencional de una muestra de consumidores habituales de drogas y a dicha muestra se le pasa una batería de preguntas sobre valores, opiniones, comportamientos y niveles de consumo. El objetivo es definir constructos de consumos de especial peligrosidad.

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Este estudio pretende evaluar un programa de Prevención Universal de las drogodependencias en el ámbito educativo a través de los cambios que produce en los diferentes factores de riesgo y protección seleccionados. La intensidad de la exposición al programa y la realización de talleres de refuerzo también han sido objetivo de la evaluación. La valoración se ha realizado en todas las etapas educativas: Educación Infantil, Educación Primaria y Educación Secundaria, teniéndose en cuenta el sexo y el curso. Metodología: La muestra está compuesta por 3.454 estudiantes de la Comunidad de Madrid. 250 estudiantes de Educación Infantil, 849 estudiantes de 1º y 2º Ciclo de Primaria, 520 estudiantes de 3º Ciclo de Primaria y 1.835 estudiantes de ESO. Se elaboraron 4 instrumentos de medida de factores de riesgo y protección: Preval_PP1 para Educación Infantil y Preval_PP2 para el 1º y 2º Ciclo de Primaria, ambos son informes a rellenar por el profesorado. El Preval_PP3 para el 3º Ciclo de Primaria y el Preval_PP4 para la ESO en forma de autoinforme a rellenar por el alumnado. A través de las bases de datos evaluamos la cantidad de años que cada centro ha participado en el programa preventivo así como el número de estudiantes que ha participado en talleres de refuerzo. Mediante un diseño cuasi-experimental con medida pre-test y post-test se realizan ANOVAs de medidas repetidas teniendo en cuenta el sexo y el curso para evaluar los cambios en los factores de riesgo y protección y comparar los centros de alta y baja exposición así como comparar al alumnado que realiza talleres de refuerzo con los que no los realizan...

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Aims. The individual susceptibility to cocaine addiction, a factor of interest in the understanding and prevention of this disorder, may be predicted by certain behavioral traits. However, these are not usually taken into account in research, making it difficult to identify whether they are a cause or a consequence of drug use. Methods. Male C57BL/6J mice underwent a battery of behavioral tests (elevated plus maze, hole-board, novelty preference in the Y maze, episodic-like object recognition memory and forced swimming test), followed by a cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP) training to assess the reinforcing effect of the drug. In a second study, we aimed to determine the existence of neurobiological differences between the mice expressing high or low CPP by studying the number of neurons in certain addiction-related structures: the medial prefrontal cortex, the basolateral amygdala and the ventral tegmental area. Results. Anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze successfully predicted the cocaine-CPP behavior, so that the most anxious mice were also more likely to search for cocaine in a CPP paradigm. In addition, these mice exhibited an increased number of neurons in the basolateral amygdala, a key structure in emotional response including anxiety expression, without differences in the others regions analyzed. Conclusions. Our results suggest a relevant role of anxiety as a psychological risk factor for cocaine vulnerability, with the basolateral amygdala as potential common neural center for both anxiety and addiction.

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Aims. Cocaine addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder characterized by the compulsion to seek and take the drug. Previous investigations have demonstrated that several drugs of abuse, as cocaine, can alter the levels of lipid-based signalling molecules such as the N-acylethanolamines (NAEs). In addition, NAEs levels in the brain are sensitive to cocaine self-administration and extinction training. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the effect of repeated and acute palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous NAE, on the behavioural effects of cocaine using mouse models of conditioned reward and psychomotor activation. Methods. Using male C57BL/6J mice, the ability of repeated PEA injections (1 or 10 mg/kg i.p) to modulate the development of a conditioned place preference (CPP) and behavioural sensitization (BS) induced by cocaine (20 mg/kg i.p.) was evaluated. In addition, the expression of cocaine-induced CPP and BS after acute PEA administration was also studied. Results. PEA (1 and 10 mg/kg i.p) significantly reduced the development of cocaine-induced BS, but did not modify the acquisition of cocaine-induced CPP. Furthermore, both doses of PEA were able to reduce the expression of BS and CPP. Conclusions. Altogether, these findings show that exogenous administration of PEA attenuated psychomotor activation and impaired the expression of CPP induced by cocaine. Our results may be relevant in order to understand the role of NAEs in the development and treatment of cocaine addiction.