BodyCloud: a SaaS approach for community body sensor networks

Body Sensor Networks (BSNs) have been recently introduced for the remote monitoring of human activities in a broad range of application domains, such as health care, emergency management, fitness and behaviour surveillance. BSNs can be deployed in a community of people and can generate large amounts of contextual data that require a scalable approach for storage, processing and analysis. Cloud computing can provide a flexible storage and processing infrastructure to perform both online and offline analysis of data streams generated in BSNs. This paper proposes BodyCloud, a SaaS approach for community BSNs that supports the development and deployment of Cloud-assisted BSN applications. BodyCloud is a multi-tier application-level architecture that integrates a Cloud computing platform and BSN data streams middleware. BodyCloud provides programming abstractions that allow the rapid development of community BSN applications. This work describes the general architecture of the proposed approach and presents a case study for the real-time monitoring and analysis of cardiac data streams of many individuals.

Dynamical trust and reputation computation model for B2C E-Commerce

Trust is one of the most important factors that influence the successful application of network service environments, such as e-commerce, wireless sensor networks, and online social networks. Computation models associated with trust and reputation have been paid special attention in both computer societies and service science in recent years. In this paper, a dynamical computation model of reputation for B2C e-commerce is proposed. Firstly, conceptions associated with trust and reputation are introduced, and the mathematical formula of trust for B2C e-commerce is given. Then a dynamical computation model of reputation is further proposed based on the conception of trust and the relationship between trust and reputation. In the proposed model, classical varying processes of reputation of B2C e-commerce are discussed. Furthermore, the iterative trust and reputation computation models are formulated via a set of difference equations based on the closed-loop feedback mechanism. Finally, a group of numerical simulation experiments are performed to illustrate the proposed model of trust and reputation. Experimental results show that the proposed model is effective in simulating the dynamical processes of trust and reputation for B2C e-commerce.

Dispositivos de monitorização e controlo automático de factores climáticos em museus

As redes de comunicação sem fios são uma área de grande desenvolvimento. As tecnologias progridem e criam-se novas oportunidades de implementação de novos dispositivos nesta área. Neste tipo de redes, encontram-se as redes de sensores sem fios (WSN- Wireless Sensor Networks), que são constituídas por vários dispositivos (Nós Sensores) que colaboram entre si, para recolher e encaminhar informação sobre um determinado fenómeno físico até uma estação base. A um outro nível, a preservação das obras de arte é uma preocupação fundamental de todos os Museus. Existe a necessidade de conservar ao máximo as características genuínas de cada artefacto. Para tal, torna-se essencial uma monitorização e controlo de alguns factores ambientais, que podem danificar ou alterar as características dos materiais. Essa monitorização é realizada nos museus da Madeira, mas de uma forma manual e recorrendo a aparelhos que são dispendiosos e um pouco arcaicos. Assim sendo, tornou-se necessário encontrar uma solução, para a realização dessa tarefa de uma forma automática e contínua. As WSN oferecem uma resposta para estas necessidades, surgindo assim o projecto WISE-MUSE, que visa a monitorização ambiental para a conservação de obras de arte e artigos históricos, através de redes sem fios.Portanto, este projecto de Mestrado em Telecomunicações e Redes tem como área de acção a camada física da arquitectura do sistema WISE-MUSE. Neste sentido, desenvolveu-se um conjunto de dispositivos electrónicos, para monitorização e controlo de factores climáticos no Museu de arte contemporânea do Funchal. A ligação entre dispositivos e transmissão dos dados recolhidos foi assegurada através da implementação de uma rede sem fios. Ao nível dos nós sensores construídos, os desenvolvimentos mais importantes tiveram como meta a minimização de custos, consumo energético e dimensões dos mesmos. Além dos sensores, foram desenvolvidos outros componentes da rede, nomeadamente dispositivos routers e um dispositivo que permite o controlo automático da humidade.

Sistema de notificação e extensão da plataforma WISE-MUSE

A integração de sensores em estruturas, máquinas e ambientes, juntamente com uma eficiente recolha e envio de informação, trazem elevados benefícios para as sociedades actuais. Nesse sentido, com a crescente importância que as redes sem fios (WSN) assumem no contexto da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, principalmente ao nível das comunicações, é fundamental procedermos à exploração das suas diversas potencialidades nos mais variados âmbitos. Deste modo, as WSN podem ser aplicadas em diversas áreas: saúde, monitorização ambiental, segurança de edifícios, indústria, monitorização de tráfego, monitorização de terramotos ou outras catástrofes naturais. Assim surge o projecto WISE-MUSE (Environmental Monitoring based on Wireless Sensor Networks for conservation of artwork and historical archives), que visa a implementação de um conjunto de soluções que permitem a monitorização contínua e automática de parâmetros ambientais (luminosidade, humidade, temperatura e CO2) através de WSN em museus. Este projecto de Mestrado em Engenharia Informática situa-se no âmbito deste projecto WISE-MUSE e tem como intuito: (i) a extensão da plataforma de monitorização de modo a recolher os dados das portas de emergência; (ii) a implementação de um sistema de notificações e alarmes via SMS e E-mail; e (iii) o desenvolvimento da plataforma Web WISE-MUSE, que permita a visualização remota dos dados dos sensores e das portas de uma forma integrada e em tempo real.

WISE-MANager: criação e gestão de sessões colaborativas em redes de sensores sem fio

As redes de sensores sem fios (WSN- WSN-Wireless Sensor Network) utilizam um grande número de dispositivos sem fios (sensores), que são de baixo custo e equipados com interfaces wireless. Utilizam um conjunto de sensores autónomos que colaboram entre si para efectuar a monitorização das condições ambientais, tais como: temperatura, oxigénio, luz, humidade, pressão, gases poluentes, entre outras. Estas redes podem operar durante largos períodos de tempo, sem intervenção humana, sendo que esse tempo depende do nível de bateria desses nós. De modo a que os gestores de um Museu possam gerir de forma mais adequada as obras de arte e arquivos históricos, surge o projecto WISE-MUSE – Environmental Monitoring based on Wireless Sensor Networks, que permite implementar soluções para a monitorização museológica, com a utilização de redes de sensores sem fios. Actualmente, a colaboração entre o utilizador e a WSN é muito ténue, sendo que apenas existe colaboração entre os nós sensores. De forma a aumentar esta colaboração, e no âmbito do projecto WISE-MUSE surge o CWSN – Collaborative Wireless Sensor Network Model, que define um modelo de colaboração na rede de sensores sem fios, permitindo a utilização de sessões colaborativas para a monitorização da rede. Com o intuito de obter o máximo rendimento da rede, é necessário definir qual o deployment a utilizar. O tipo de deployment de uma WSN é a forma como os nós são distribuídos pela rede. Em zonas longínquas, ou de difícil acesso, os nós são colocados de forma aleatória, por exemplo, caiem de um avião. Nos locais de fácil acesso, podem ser colocados no local exacto. Portanto, este projecto de Mestrado de Engenharia Informática apresenta duas contribuições principais: (i) um estudo de propagação no Museu da Baleia; e; (ii) o WISE-MANager, um sistema de gestão de sessões colaborativas. De forma a definir qual o deployment da rede a instalar no Museu da Baleia, será apresentado um estudo de propagação do sinal empírico, que determinou a melhor posição física dos nós, para que a rede tenha uma boa performance. O sistema WISE-MANager permite a criação, monitorização e gestão de sessões colaborativas numa WSN baseada no protocolo Zigbee. O intuito da utilização de sessões colaborativas é proporcionar uma melhor interacção entre o utilizador e a WSN, visto que o utilizador pode personalizar o tipo de monitorização a efectuar (por nó sensor, por fenómeno ou por intervalo de tempo), e interrogar à rede e aos seus componentes, aumentando assim a flexibilidade da WSN.A gestão de redes de sensores sem fios é muito importante para que o utilizador tenha controlo sobre a mesma ao saber quais os dispositivos da rede, assim como o seu nível de energia. Por tanto, através de WISE-MANager, os gestores do Museu serão capazes de analisar a rede, detectar eventuais problemas e obter parâmetros específicos.

Desenvolvimento de sistemas embarcados para redes de sensores e atuadores sem fio aplicadas em unidades de elevação de petróleo do tipo Plunger-Lift

The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) methods applied to the lifting of oil present as an area with growing demand technical and scientific in view of the optimizations that can be carried forward with existing processes. This dissertation has as main objective to present the development of embedded systems dedicated to a wireless sensor network based on IEEE 802.15.4, which applies the ZigBee protocol, between sensors, actuators and the PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), aiming to solve the present problems in the deployment and maintenance of the physical communication of current elevation oil units based on the method Plunger-Lift. Embedded systems developed for this application will be responsible for acquiring information from sensors and control actuators of the devices present at the well, and also, using the Modbus protocol to make this network becomes transparent to the PLC responsible for controlling the production and delivery information for supervisory SISAL

Otimizações da transmissão de imagens em redes de sensores visuais sem fio explorando a relevância de monitoramento dos nós fontes e codificação DWT

The development of wireless sensor networks for control and monitoring functions has created a vibrant investigation scenario, covering since communication aspects to issues related with energy efficiency. When source sensors are endowed with cameras for visual monitoring, a new scope of challenges is raised, as transmission and monitoring requirements are considerably changed. Particularly, visual sensors collect data following a directional sensing model, altering the meaning of concepts as vicinity and redundancy but allowing the differentiation of source nodes by their sensing relevancies for the application. In such context, we propose the combined use of two differentiation strategies as a novel QoS parameter, exploring the sensing relevancies of source nodes and DWT image coding. This innovative approach supports a new scope of optimizations to improve the performance of visual sensor networks at the cost of a small reduction on the overall monitoring quality of the application. Besides definition of a new concept of relevance and the proposition of mechanisms to support its practical exploitation, we propose five different optimizations in the way images are transmitted in wireless visual sensor networks, aiming at energy saving, transmission with low delay and error recovery. Putting all these together, the proposed innovative differentiation strategies and the related optimizations open a relevant research trend, where the application monitoring requirements are used to guide a more efficient operation of sensor networks

Desenvolvimento de um software de comunicação sem fio aplicado à instrumentação de unidade de elevação de petróleo tipo Plunger Lift

This dissertation aims to develop a software applied to a communication system for a wireless sensor network (WSN) for tracking analog and digital variables and control valve of the gas flow in artificial oil s elevation units, Plunger Lift type. The reason for this implementation is due to the fact that, in the studied plant configuration, the sensors communicate with the PLC (Programmable and Logic Controller) by the cables and pipelines, making any changes in that system, such as changing the layout of it, as well as inconveniences that arise from the nature of the site, such as the vicinity s animals presence that tend to destroy the cables for interconnection of sensors to the PLC. For software development, was used communication polling method via SMAC protocol (Simple Medium Access ControlIEEE 802.15.4 standard) in the CodeWarrior environment to which generated a firmware, loaded into the WSN s transceivers, present in the kit MC13193-EVK, (all items described above are owners of Freescale Semiconductors Inc.). The network monitoring and parameterization used in its application, was developed in LabVIEW software from National Instruments. The results were obtained through the observation of the network s behavior of sensors proposal, focusing on aspects such as: indoor and outdoor quantity of packages received and lost, general aspects of reliability in data transmission, coexistence with other types of wireless networks and power consumption under different operating conditions. The results were considered satisfactory, which showed the software efficiency in this communication system

Estudo e especificação de um sistema de instrumentação para unidades de elevação de petróleo utilizando tecnologia sem fio

Wireless sensor networks are reality nowadays. The growing necessity of connectivity between existing industrial plant equipments pushes the research and development of several technologies. The IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN comes as a low-cost and powersaving viable solution, which are important concerns while making decisions on remote sensoring projects. This study intends to propose a wireless communication system which makes possible the monitoring of analogic and/or digital variables (i. e., the pressure studied) involved on the artificial methods for oil and gas lifting. The main issues are: To develop a software based on SMAC Standard in order to create a wireless network to monitoring analogic and/or digital variables; To evaluate the communication link based on the number of lost packets tested in different environments (indoor and outdoor) and To propose an instrumentation system consisting of wireless devices

A Management Tool for the Replication of Operating Systems in Wireless Communication Networks

To simplify computer management, various administration systems based on wired connections adopt advanced techniques to manage software configuration. Nevertheless, the strong relation between hardware and software makes for an individualism of that management, besides penalizing computational mobility and ubiquity. All these issues lead to degradation of scalability, flexibility and the facility to install and maintain distributed applications. This article presents an environment for centralized wireless communication network management, named WSE-OS (Wireless Sharing Environment - Operating Systems): a model based on Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) which associates virtualization techniques and safe remote access systems to create a distributed architecture as a base for a managing system. WSE-OS is capable of accomplishing the replication of operating system images using wireless communication network, besides offering abstraction of hardware to its clients, making the management more flexible and independent of wired connections. Results obtained from this work indicate that WSE-OS allows disseminating, through a single software configuration, the execution of data related to operating system images in client computers. WSE-OS can also be used as a management tool for operating systems in a wireless network.

Abordagem dirigida a modelos para redes de sensores sem fio

Research on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has evolved, with potential applications in several domains. However, the building of WSN applications is hampered by the need of programming in low-level abstractions provided by sensor OS and of specific knowledge about each application domain and each sensor platform. We propose a MDA approach do develop WSN applications. This approach allows domain experts to directly contribute in the developing of applications without needing low level knowledge on WSN platforms and, at the same time, it allows network experts to program WSN nodes to met application requirements without specific knowledge on the application domain. Our approach also promotes the reuse of the developed software artifacts, allowing an application model to be reused across different sensor platforms and a platform model to be reused for different applications

Midgard: um middleware baseado em componentes e orientado a recursos para redes de sensores sem fio

On the last years, several middleware platforms for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) were proposed. Most of these platforms does not consider issues of how integrate components from generic middleware architectures. Many requirements need to be considered in a middleware design for WSN and the design, in this case, it is possibility to modify the source code of the middleware without changing the external behavior of the middleware. Thus, it is desired that there is a middleware generic architecture that is able to offer an optimal configuration according to the requirements of the application. The adoption of middleware based in component model consists of a promising approach because it allows a better abstraction, low coupling, modularization and management features built-in middleware. Another problem present in current middleware consists of treatment of interoperability with external networks to sensor networks, such as Web. Most current middleware lacks the functionality to access the data provided by the WSN via the World Wide Web in order to treat these data as Web resources, and they can be accessed through protocols already adopted the World Wide Web. Thus, this work presents the Midgard, a component-based middleware specifically designed for WSNs, which adopts the architectural patterns microkernel and REST. The microkernel architectural complements the component model, since microkernel can be understood as a component that encapsulates the core system and it is responsible for initializing the core services only when needed, as well as remove them when are no more needed. Already REST defines a standardized way of communication between different applications based on standards adopted by the Web and enables him to treat WSN data as web resources, allowing them to be accessed through protocol already adopted in the World Wide Web. The main goals of Midgard are: (i) to provide easy Web access to data generated by WSN, exposing such data as Web resources, following the principles of Web of Things paradigm and (ii) to provide WSN application developer with capabilities to instantiate only specific services required by the application, thus generating a customized middleware and saving node resources. The Midgard allows use the WSN as Web resources and still provide a cohesive and weakly coupled software architecture, addressing interoperability and customization. In addition, Midgard provides two services needed for most WSN applications: (i) configuration and (ii) inspection and adaptation services. New services can be implemented by others and easily incorporated into the middleware, because of its flexible and extensible architecture. According to the assessment, the Midgard provides interoperability between the WSN and external networks, such as web, as well as between different applications within a single WSN. In addition, we assessed the memory consumption, the application image size, the size of messages exchanged in the network, and response time, overhead and scalability on Midgard. During the evaluation, the Midgard proved satisfies their goals and shown to be scalable without consuming resources prohibitively

Development of heterogeneous node network using microcontroller with protocols CAN and Zigbee

In this paper was proposed the development of an heterogeneous system using the microcontroller (AT90CANI28) where the protocol model CAN and the standard IEEE 802.15.4 are connected. This module is able to manage and monitor sensors and actuators using CAN and, through the wireless standard 802.15.4, communicate with the other network modules. © 2011 IEEE.

Wireless mesh networks planning based on parameters of quality of service

The use of QoS parameters to evaluate the quality of service in a mesh network is essential mainly when providing multimedia services. This paper proposes an algorithm for planning wireless mesh networks in order to satisfy some QoS parameters, given a set of test points (TPs) and potential access points (APs). Examples of QoS parameters include: probability of packet loss and mean delay in responding to a request. The proposed algorithm uses a Mathematical Programming model to determine an adequate topology for the network and Monte Carlo simulation to verify whether the QoS parameters are being satisfied. The results obtained show that the proposed algorithm is able to find satisfactory solutions.