Urbanités marchandes : le commerce dans la production de la qualité urbaine et ses régulations : le cas de Lausanne

While collective identity markers are constantly evolving in today's city, the hyper-consumption society has allowed retail, even though greatly transformed, to remain a community hub for socialization. Society's commodification takes shape precisely within the public realm and the urban scene: sprawling analogous drivable retail-only suburbs and turning city centers into bland, soulless and undefined places displaying homogeneous frontages characterized by the same retail storefronts worldwide. More than ever, urban policies on retail oriented servicescapes seem crucial to urban and regional planning from a sustainable perspective. Thorough the study case of Lausanne, our research focuses on how the urban planning model and its policies could set into place spatial strategies to enhance urban quality and to reorganize retail centralities without succumbing to the prevailing commodification of the public realm. -- Les indicateurs d'identité collective se reformulent dans la ville actuelle, mais la société de l'hyperconsommation a permis au commerce, aussi transformé soit-il, de rester un lieu d'échange et de brassage social. La marchandisation de la société prend des formes précises dans l'espace et a un impact certain sur le paysage urbain : multipliant les espaces marchands périphériques monofonctionnels ou encore transformant nos centres-villes en paysages anodins, présentant des vitrines semblables quel que soit le pays où elles se situent. Plus que jamais, une régulation des espaces de consommation semble incontournable pour l'aménagement du territoire et l'urbanisme dans une perspective de durabilité. À travers le cas lausannois, cette thèse s'interroge sur la façon dont les modèles urbanistiques de régulation des jeux d'acteurs privés peuvent participer à la mise en place de stratégies de qualification urbaine et d'organisation des centralités commerciales sans céder à la tentation de la marchandisation des espaces publics.

Factors explaining urban transport systems in large European cities: A cross-sectional approach

The paper analyses the link between human capital and regional economic growth in the European Union. Using different indicat The importance of effective and efficient mobility in large cities is becoming essential for planners and citizens due to its impact in terms of social, economic and geographic development. The aim of this research is to determine factors explaining urban transport systems by estimating aggregate supply and demand equations for 45 large European cities. Supply and Demand equations are separately and jointly determined using OLS and SUR estimation models. On one hand, our findings suggest the importance of economic variables on the supply of public transport. On the other, we highlight the role of those factors influencing the generalized cost of transport as main drivers of demand for public transit. Additionally, regional variables are introduced to capture institutional heterogeneity in this service, and we find that regional patterns are powerful explanatory determinants of urban transportation systems in Europe.

Public and Private Production in a Mixed Delivery System: Regulation, Competition and Costs

Academics and policy makers are increasingly shifting the debate concerning the best form of public service provision beyond the traditional dilemma between pure public and pure private delivery modes, because, among other reasons, there is a growing body of evidence that casts doubt on the existence of systematic cost savings from privatization, while any competition seems to be eroded over time. In this paper we compare the relative merits of public and private delivery within a mixed delivery system. We study the role played by ownership, transaction costs, and competition on local public service delivery within the same jurisdiction. Using a stochastic cost frontier, we analyze the public-private urban bus system in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. Our results suggest that private firms tendering the service have higher delivery costs than those incurred by the public firm, especially when transaction costs are taken into account. Tenders, therefore, do not help to reduce delivery costs. Our results suggest that under a mixed delivery scheme, which permits the co-existence of public and private production, the metropolitan government and the regulator can use private delivery to contain costs in the public firm and, at the same time, benefit from the greater flexibility of private firms for dealing with events not provided for under contract.

Chronique des lettres françaises / Joseph Place, directeur

1927/03 (N26)-1927/04.

Chronique des lettres françaises / Joseph Place, directeur

1923/01 (N1)-1923/02.

Chronique des lettres françaises / Joseph Place, directeur

1926/07 (N22)-1926/08.

Chronique des lettres françaises / Joseph Place, directeur

1926/03 (N20)-1926/04.

Chronique des lettres françaises / Joseph Place, directeur

1929/03 (N38)-1929/04.

Chronique des lettres françaises / Joseph Place, directeur

1928/09 (N35)-1928/10.

Chronique des lettres françaises / Joseph Place, directeur

1929/05 (N39)-1929/06.

Chronique des lettres françaises / Joseph Place, directeur

1925/11 (N18)-1925/12.

Chronique des lettres françaises / Joseph Place, directeur

1928/11 (N36)-1928/12.

Chronique des lettres françaises / Joseph Place, directeur

1924/03 (N8)-1924/04.

Chronique des lettres françaises / Joseph Place, directeur

1928/05 (N33)-1928/06.

Chronique des lettres françaises / Joseph Place, directeur

1923/09 (N5)-1923/10.