Donation vivante de rein: trajectoire de transplantation, expérience relationnelle et enjeux éthiques et méthodologiques d’une recherche qualitative impliquant des dyades donneur-receveur

La présente thèse poursuit l'objectif général de mieux comprendre l'expérience de la transplantation d'organe de la perspective de dyades comprenant un donneur et un receveur d'une donation vivante de rein. Pour ce faire, nous proposons une exploration en profondeur de la trajectoire de transplantation et des enjeux relationnels des donneurs et des receveurs. Un second objectif, qui s'est développé au cours de la recherche, est de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des enjeux entourant la recherche qualitative impliquant des dyades. Cette thèse est présentée sous la forme de trois articles. Le premier article vise, par le biais de la méthode du méta-résumé, à dresser un portrait le plus complet possible du processus de donation tel qu'il avait été examiné à ce jour par les écrits empiriques qualitatifs disponibles, et à mettre en lumière les aspects qui avaient encore peu été appréhendés par les chercheurs, notamment l'importance de considérer conjointement au sein d'une même recherche des donneurs et des receveurs d'une donation vivante de rein. Le deuxième article a pour but d'explorer en profondeur l'expérience vécue pour des dyades de donneurs et de receveurs en contexte de donation vivante de rein, et en particulier la trajectoire de transplantation ainsi que les enjeux relationnels. Des entrevues qualitatives ont été menées auprès de cinq dyades (donc cinq donneurs et cinq receveurs). L'analyse phénoménologique interprétative des données recueillies propose un portrait de la trajectoire de transplantation, soit (a) l'expérience de la maladie du receveur, (b) l'expérience d'offrir et d'accepter un rein, (c) la période des tests, (d) la transplantation d'organe à proprement parler et finalement (e) la période post-transplantation. Un apport particulièrement significatif de l'analyse et de l'interprétation de nos données est la mise en relief que le processus de transplantation est mieux compris lorsque l'on considère le contexte social et interpersonnel plus large dans lequel évolue chaque dyade donneur-receveur, et en ce sens, la décision de donner ou d'accepter un rein peut être appréhendée comme un prolongement du rôle social auquel la personne adhère par rapport à autrui dans sa vie quotidienne. Le troisième article, qui a émergé des leçons acquises en réalisant la recherche effectuée dans l'article précédent, vise à décrire et discuter des défis éthiques et des impacts des décisions méthodologiques dans le cadre de recherches qualitatives impliquant des dyades de personnes se connaissant. Sur la base de nos propres défis empiriques et des écrits scientifiques disponibles, des réflexions et recommandations sont suggérées à différents stades d'un processus typique de recherche qualitative, soit (a) le recrutement, (b) le consentement à participer, (c) la collecte de données, (d) la validation des transcriptions par les participants, (e) l'analyse de données, et (f) la dissémination des résultats. Une réflexion en amont des enjeux entourant ces étapes est susceptible de faciliter l'entreprise de recherches qualitatives impliquant des dyades. En conclusion, les résultats de notre analyse soulignent l'importance du rôle social et du contexte interpersonnel plus large dans lequel évoluent les donneurs et les receveurs dans la façon dont ils parviennent à donner une signification à leur expérience. Enfin, si la recherche qualitative impliquant des dyades est en émergence, des défis éthiques et des décisions méthodologiques rigoureuses doivent être considérés en amont.

Structural, Spectral, Biological and Electrochemical Studies Of Some 3d Transition Metal Complexes of O-N-S and N-N-S Donor Ligands

The primary aim of these investigations was to probe the spectroscopic, electrochemical, biological and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of some selected transition metal complexes of 4N-monosubstituted thiosemicarbazones. Transition metal complexes with thiosemicarbazones exhibit a wide range of stereochemistries and possess potential biological activity. Metal complexes of thiosemicarbazones are proved to have improved pharmacological and therapeutic effects. The studies are conducted to bring about a fair understanding of the structure activity relationship and to develop certain effective and economical metal-based antimicrobial agents. Study showed that the thiosemicarbazones have antibacterial, antiviral and antiproliferative properties and hence used against tuberculosis, leprosy, psoriasis, rheumatism, trypanosomiasis and coccidiosis. Certain thiosemicarbazones showed a selective inhibition of HSV and HIV infections. The insolubility of most thiosemicarbazones in water causes difficulty in the oral administration in clinical practice. Transition metal complexes are found to have more activity than uncombined thiosemicarbazones. They exhibit a variety of denticity and can be varied by proper substitution. The stereochemistry assumed by the thiosemicarbazones during the coordination with transition metal ions depends on the factors such as preparative conditions and availability of additional bonding site in the ligand moiety and charge of the ligand. The resulting complexes exhibited a wide range of stereochemistries and have biomimic activity and potential application as sensors.

Enhancement of Diffraction Efficiency and Storage Life of Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Based Optical Recording Medium with the Incorporation of an Electron Donor

The differaction efficiency,sensitivity and storage life of Methylene Blue sencitized poly (vinyl chloride) film was improved by the addition of an electron donor in the matrix. The addition of pyridine enhanced the diffraction efficiency by two times and storage life of the gratings was increased to 2-3 days.

Enhancement of Diffraction Efficiency and Storage Life of Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Based Optical Recording Medium with the Incorporation of an Electron Donor

The differaction efficiency,sensitivity and storage life of Methylene blue sensitized poly(vinyl chloride) film was improved by the addition of an electron donor in the matrix. The addition of pyridine enhanced the diffraction efficiency by two times and storage life of the gratings was increased to 2-3 days.

Structural, Spectral, Biological and Electrochemical Studies Of Some 3d Transition Metal Complexes of O-N-S and N-N-S Donor Ligands

The primary aim of these investigations was to probe the spectroscopic, electrochemical, biological and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of some selected transition metal complexes of 4N-monosubstituted thiosemicarbazones. Transition metal complexes with thiosemicarbazones exhibit a wide range of stereochemistries and possess potential biological activity. Metal complexes of thiosemicarbazones are proved to have improved pharmacological and therapeutic effects. The studies are conducted to bring about a fair understanding of the structure activity relationship and to develop certain effective and economical metal-based antimicrobial agents. Study showed that the thiosemicarbazones have antibacterial, antiviral and antiproliferative properties and hence used against tuberculosis, leprosy, psoriasis, rheumatism, trypanosomiasis and coccidiosis. Certain thiosemicarbazones showed a selective inhibition of HSV and HIV infections. The insolubility of most thiosemicarbazones in water causes difficulty in the oral administration in clinical practice. Transition metal complexes are found to have more activity than uncombined thiosemicarbazones. They exhibit a variety of denticity and can be varied by proper substitution. The stereochemistry assumed by the thiosemicarbazones during the coordination with transition metal ions depends on the factors such as preparative conditions and availability of additional bonding site in the ligand moiety and charge of the ligand. The resulting complexes exhibited a wide range of stereochemistries and have biomimic activity and potential application as sensors

Development of Photorefractive Polymers: Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers with Donor-Pi-Acceptor Groups

Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology

Acidity/basicity, electron donor properties and catalytic activity of sulphate modified stannic oxide

The surface electron donor properties of sulphate modified stannic oxide have been determined from the adsorption of electron acceptors of various electron affinities on the oxide surface. The acid base properties of stannic oxide have been determined by titration method using Hammett indicators. Catalytic activities of the oxide for esterification of acetic acid using n-butanol.reduction of cyclohexanone in 2-propanol and oxidation of cyclohexanol with benzophenone have been studied. The data have been correlated with the surface electron donor properties of these oxides. The activity for reduction and oxidation decreases and that for esterification reaction increases on modification with sulphate ion. It has heen found that electron donating capacity decreased when stannic oxide was modified with sulphate ion.

Acidity / basicity and electron donor properties and catalytic activity of sulphated titania

The surface acidity/ basicity of TiO2 (rutile) and its sulphate modified form have been determined by titration method using Hammett indicators after activation at different temperatures. The electron donating properties of these oxides are also studied from the adsorption of electron acceptors of different electron affinity values. The data have been correlated with the catalytic activity of these oxides towards esterification of acetic acid using n-butanol, reduction of cyclohexanone in isopropanol and oxidation of cyclohexanol in benzophenone. Catalytic activity for esterification and oxidation reaction parallels the acidity while that for reduction reaction parallels the basicity of these oxides.

Acidity/basicity, electron donor properties and catalytic activity of sulphate modified ceria

The changes in surface acidity/basicity and catalytic activity of cerium oxide due to surface modification by sulphate ion have been investigated. Electron donor properties of both the modified and unmodified oxides have been studied using electron acceptors of various electron affinity values, viz. 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro--l, 4-benzoquinone. p-dinitrobenzene and m-dinitrobenzene in order to find out whether the increase in acidity on suphation is due to the generation of new acidic sites or they are formed at the expense of some of the basic sites. The surface acidity/basicity has been determined using a set of Hammett indicators. The data have been correlated with the catalytic activity of the oxides for esterification of acetic acid using l-butanol, reduction of cyclohexanone with 2- propanol and oxidation of cyclohexanol using benzophenone.

Basicity and electron donor properties of lanthanum oxide and its mixed oxides with alumina

The electron donating properties of La2O3 activated at 300, 500 and 800·C and its mixed oxides with alumina are reported from the studies on adsorption of electron acceptors of varying electron affinity on La203. The electron acceptors with their electron affinity values given in parenthesis are: 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (2.84 eV), 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-I,4-benzoquinone (2.40 eV) and p-dinitrobenzene(l.77eV). The basicity of the oxide has been determined by titration with n-butylamine and Ho.max values are reported. The limit of electron transfer from the oxide to the electron acceptor is between 2.40 and 1.77 eV. It is observed that La203 promotes the surface electron properties of alumina without changing its limit of electron transfer.

Electron donor sites on Y2O3 catalyst as a function of the activation temperature

Cochin University of Science and Technology

Electron donor strength of rare earth oxides

The adsorption of electron acceptors, viz.,7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane(TCNQ), 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-p- benzoquinone (chloranil) and p-dinitrobenzene (PDNB) on the surface of three rare earth oxides Y2O3, Nd203 and Pr6O11 has been studied in acetonitrile and dioxan. From the radical concentration on the surface determined using ESR spectral data, the electron donor strength of the rare earth oxides are reported.

Surface Electron Donor Properties of Dy2O3,Y2O3 and Their Mixed Oxides with Alumina Catalyst

The limit of electron transfer in electron affinity from the oxide surface to the electron acceptor (EA) are reported from the adsorption of EA on DY203, mixed oxides of DY203 with alumina and mixed oxides of Y203 with y-alumina. The extent of electron transfer is understood from magnetic measurements.

Acid-base and Electron Donor Properties of Pr6O11 and Its Mixtures with Alumina

The electron donor properties of Pr6O11 activated at 300. 500 and 800°C are reported from the studies on adsorption of electron acceptors of various electron affinity (7. 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane. 2, 3. 5, 6-tetrachloro-l, 4-benzoquin one. p-dinitrobenzene. and m-dinitrobenzene) in three solvents (acetonitrile, 1,4-dioxan and ethyl acetate). The extent of electron transfer during adsorption is understood from magnetic measurements and ESR spectral data. The corresponding data on mixed oxides of Pr and Al are reported for various compositions, The acid / base properties of these oxides are determined using a set of Hammett indicators.