The need to facilitate and secure logistics processes in Latin America and the Caribbean

This FAL Bulletin examines the role of logistical security and facilitation in the competitiveness of Latin America and the Caribbean.

Logistics platforms as a pivotal element in competitiveness and sustainability

This issue of the FAL Bulletin examines the economic, institutional, social and environmental aspects of logistics platforms, which help to support competitive economies in a sustainable and egalitarian environment.

Developing integrated and sustainable policies on infrastructure, logistics and mobility in Mesoamerica

This issue of the FAL Bulletin summarizes the main outcomes of a regional workshop held in Costa Rica in November 2012 that brought together ministers and high-level authorities from the member countries of the Mesoamerica Project.

The potential of Aid for Trade to improve the infrastructure and logistics performance of landlocked developing countries of Latin America

Incluye bibliografía.

Logistics and trade facilitation between CARICOM and Central America

Includes bibliography.

Institutionality, logistics and international cooperation for the economic and social development: The case of the Plurinational State of Bolivia

Includes bibliography.

Logistics inefficiencies in latin american landlocked countries

This document sets out an initial proposal for measuring costs in logistics chains, and is part of a line of work of the Natural Resources and Infrastructure Division of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) that seeks to identify logistics inefficiencies in Latin America and the Caribbean that are detrimental to the sustainability of national and regional growth.

Logistics observatories and regional integration indicators: the Mesoamerica project

This FAL Bulletin analyses the development of logistics observatories and the construction of regional integration indicators in Latin America and the Caribbean. To this end, it examines experiences, in the region and worldwide, in relation to the construction of indicators and presents a set of policy recommendations for proper implementation. The Mesoamerica Project is used as a case study to construct a set of indicators for logistics infrastructures.

Logistics and mobility policies for sustainable development and regional integration: conceptual framework and regional experiences

This FAL Bulletin summarizes the main findings and proposals contained in the document “Políticas de logística y movilidad para el desarrollo sostenible y la integración regional”, recently published by the Natural Resources and Infrastructure Division (NRID), ECLAC. It contains a proposal for a paradigm shift in the formulation of national logistics and mobility policies, with common guidelines for Latin American and Caribbean countries.

Marcadores imunológicos na exposição mercurial na Região Amazônica

Disfunções imunes podem surgir pela combinação entre susceptibilidade genética e fatores ambientais. Existem evidências, em humanos expostos ao mercúrio (Hg), de alterações da resposta imunológica por auto-anticorpos induzidos por Hg. Este trabalho investigou a ocorrência de auto-imunidade induzida por Hgtotal entre indivíduos ribeirinhos da região do Tapajós (Brasília Legal, São Luiz do Tapajós e Barreiras), expostos ao Hgtotal, e da comunidade ribeirinha da região do Tocantins (Panacauera) não exposta ao Hgtotal. No período de junho de 2004 a dezembro de 2006 foram coletadas 236 pares de amostras de cabelo e sangue, nas quais a concentração de Hgtotal no cabelo foi determinada por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica, e no soro, os auto-anticorpos foram analisados por microscopia de imunofluorescência (IF) usando substrato de células epiteliais humanas (Hep-2). Os mais altos níveis de Hgtotal no cabelo foram os de São Luiz do Tapajós (11,24 ± 2,23 μg/g), seguido por Brasília Legal (10,00 ± 0,99) e Barreiras (8,64 ± 1,13), e os mais baixos foram os de Panacauera (2,98 ± 0,20). Em relação à variável sexo, foi observada associação somente em Brasília Legal, com níveis de Hgtotal mais altos no cabelo dos homens. Cerca de 79,65% ribeirinhos do Tapajós e 31,25% da região do Tocantins apresentaram no soro autoanticorpos induzidos por Hg. Os padrões de auto-anticorpos identificados por IF foram: misto (50,96%), nuclear (31,21%), nucleolar (14,65%) e aparelho mitótico/citoplasmático (3,18%), observando-se maior prevalência dos padrões misto e nuclear nas comunidades expostas (p<0,01). Os auto-anticorpos mais freqüentes foram, por ordem de prevalência: NuMa1, PM/Scl, Ssa-Ro, rRNP/Sm, golgi/Ssa/Ro, PCNA, rRNP, Ku, além de outros auto-anticorpos com especificidade ainda não definida. A intensidade de IF (p< 0,0001) foi mais reativa nos ribeirinhos do Tapajós. Análise por regressão logística múltipla indicou que o risco de apresentar auto-anticorpos foi aproximadamente duas vezes maior nos expostos ao mercúrio com faixa etária acima de 50 anos (p>0,01). Finalmente, estudos adicionais são indispensáveis para confirmar a especificidade destes auto-anticorpos induzidos pela exposição mercurial, bem como elucidar os mecanismos imunotoxicológicos da ação do mercúrio sobre o sistema imune humano.

An emergy-based evaluation of a reverse logistics network for steel recycling

Efficient implementation of recycling networks requires appropriate logistical structures for managing the reverse flow of materials from users to producers. The steel sheet distributor studied had established a protocol for scrap recovery with the steel plant and its customers. The company invested in producing containers, hiring a specialized labor force and in purchasing trucks for container transportation to implement the logistics network for recycling. That network interconnected the company with two kinds of customers: the ones returning scrap and the ones who preferred to continue business-as-usual. The logistical network was analyzed using emergy synthesis, and the data obtained were used to evaluate and compare the system's environmental costs and benefits from the perspective of the distributor and the steel plant operator. The use of emergy ternary diagrams provided a way to assess recycle strategies to compare the relative economic and environmental benefits of the logistical network implemented. The minimum quantity of scrap that the distributor must recover to improve environmental benefits was determined allowing decision on whether it is worth keeping the system running. The new assessment method proposed also may help policy-makers to create strategies to reward or incentive users of reverse logistics, and help to establish regulations, by decreasing taxes or stimulating innovation, for effectively implement the National Policy on Solid Waste. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Genetic parameters for body weight in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Colombia using random regression models

The objective of this research was to estimate (co) variance functions and genetic parameters for body weight in Colombian buffalo populations using random regression models with Legendre polynomials. Data consisted of 34,738 weight records from birth to 900 days of age from 7815 buffaloes. Fixed effects in the model were contemporary group and parity order of the mother. Random effects were direct and maternal additive genetic, as well as animal and maternal permanent environmental effects. A cubic orthogonal Legendre polynomial was used to model the mean curve of the population. Eleven models with first to sixth order polynomials were used to describe additive genetic direct and maternal effects, and animal and maternal permanent environmental effects. The residual was modeled considering five variance classes. The best model included fourth and sixth order polynomials for direct additive genetic and animal permanent environmental effects, respectively, and third-order polynomials for maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects. The direct heritability increased from birth until 120 days of age (0.32 +/- 0.05), decreasing thereafter until one year of age (0.18 +/- 0.04) and increased again, reaching 0.39 +/- 0.09, at the end of the evaluated period. The highest maternal heritability estimates (0.11 +/- 0.05), were obtained for weights around weaning age (weaning age range is between 8 and 9.5 months). Maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental variances increased from birth until about one year of age, decreasing at later ages. Direct genetic correlations ranged from moderate (0.60 +/- 0.060) to high (0.99 +/- 0.001), maternal genetic correlations showed a similar range (0.41 +/- 0.401 and 0.99 +/- 0.003), and all of them decreased as time between weighings increased. Direct genetic correlations suggested that selecting buffalos for heavier weights at any age would increase weights from birth through 900 days of age. However, higher heritabilities for direct genetic weights effects after 600 days of age suggested that selection for these effects would be more effective if done during this age period. A greater response to selection for maternal ability would be expected if selection used maternal genetic predictions for weights near weaning. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Differential expression of aromatase, estrogen receptor alpha and 17 beta-HSD associated with the processes of total testicular regression and recrudescence in the bat Myotis nigricans (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genetic parameters for production traits of dairy Gyr (Bos indicus) x Holstein cattle estimated with a random regression model

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)