Parâmetros geotécnicos e previsão da capacidade de carga de estacas apiloadas em solo tropical arenoso obtidos com o Pressiômetro Ménard

This paper presents and discusses Ménard Pressuremeter test results used to predict bearing capacity of pounded piles installed in a tropical sandy soil. Fifteen pre-bored pressuremeter tests were carried out at the Experimental Research Site from Unesp - Bauru up to 15 m depth, one test per meter. Several laboratory and in situ tests were carried out in this research site as well as load tests on plates and on piles. Pressuremeter test results were firstly analyzed to determine geotechnical soil parameters based on empirical methods, emphasizing the estimative of the earth pressure coefficient at rest (K0). After that, bearing capacity prediction of pounded piles with 4 m, 7 m and 10 m were made and compared with test results from instrumented load tests. Pressuremeter test results allowed a very good estimative of bearing capacity for the pile with 4 m length and underestimated in 25,7% and 20,0% the bearing capacity for the pile with 7 and 10 m length, respectively. The back analysis of the test results suggests that the appropriate value for the bearing capacity factor for the tested soil-pile system on this soil is equal to 2.

Efeito da cadência de pedalada sobre as respostas metabólica e cardiovascular durante o exercício incremental e de carga constante em indivíduos ativos

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the pedaling cadence (500 × 100 rpm) on the heart rate (HR) and the blood lactate response during incremental and constant workload exercises in active individuals. Nine active male individuals (20.9 ± 2.9 years old; 73.9 ± 6.5 kg; 1.79 ± 0.9 m) were submitted to two incremental tests, and to 6-8 constant workload tests to determine the intensity corresponding to the maximal steady state lactate (MLSSintens) in both cadences. The maximal power (Pmax) attained during the incremental test, and the MLSSintens were significantly lower at 100 rpm (240.9 ± 12.6 W; 148.1 ± 154.W) compared to 50 rpm (263.9 ± 18.6 W; 186.1 ± 21.2 W), respectively. The HRmax did not change between cadences (50 rpm = 191.1 ± 8.8 bpm; 100 rpm = 192.6 ± 9.9 bpm). Regardless the cadence, the HRmax percentage (70, 80, 90, and 100%) determined the same lactate concentrations during the incremental test. However, when the intensity was expressed in Pmax percentage or in absolute power, the lactate and the HR values were always higher at highest cadences. The HR corresponding to MLSSintens was similar between cadences (50 rpm = 162.5 ± 9.1 bpm; 100 rpm = 160.4 ± 9.2 bpm). Based on these results, it can be conclude that regardless the cadence employed (50 × 100 rpm), the use of the HR to individualize the exercise intensity indicates similar blood lactate responses, and this relationship is also kept in the exercise of constant intensity performed at MLSSintens. On the other hand, the use of the Pmax percentages depend on the cadence used, indicating different physiological responses to a same percentage.

Sobredentadura inmediata y con carga tardía: Revisión de la literatura

The oral rehabilitation of the patients toothless totals presents large difficulties, because diverse factors act limiting the treatment with complete dentures conventional, as severe reabsorption of the alveolar process, generating for the phonetic patient difficulties and of mastication, annoyance, retention lack and stability of the prosthesis. With the emergence of you implant them osseointegratin idealized by Prof o Branemark, these aspects were improved by means of the possibility of new treatment options, as the overdentures tissue-implant-supported. However, the protocol of Branemark demanded a period of scaring from three to six months, owing the patients to await this time for the placement of the final prosthesis. This way, the surgical technique of immediate load was proposed to abbreviate this period, improving the transition phase, at the same time that it reduces the problems psychological associates. This way, the objective of the present study is to carry out a literature revision about the works that used overdentures comparing immediate and late load, the best alternative and factors wrapped in the success of the procedure discussing. © 2008 1995, Editorial Ciencias médicas.

Atividade microbiana em um Latossolo degradado tratado com lodo de esgoto

The degraded soil shows, in general, poor biological activity, considering its physical characteristics, low fertility and organic matter, mainly due to removal or degradation of its superficial layer. The sewage sludge, due to its high content of easily decomposed organic matter can be an alternate source of organic residues and combined to its high content of the principal nutrients for the plants can be an important factor to promote biological activities in degraded soil. In order to study the actions of the sewage sludge in the recovery of a degraded Latosol, the carbon in the microbial biomass (C mic), the carbon released CO2 (C-CO2) and the relation between microbial and organic carbon (Cmic/Corg) were used as indicators of the effects. To do so, two doses (30 and 60 Mg ha-1) of sewer slime applied in topdressing and incorporated together with a mineral fertilizer treatment, using the eucalyptus as a test crop. A completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 repetitions was used. The sewage sludge promoted increase of liberated C-CO2 and the C mic, which constitute the adequate quality indicators for monitoring the soil recovery.

Análise distribuição da carga hidráulica e vazão na unidade operacional de um sistema de irrigação localizada

The different combination possibilities of emission uniformity and field slope within the operational unities of localized irrigation systems favor the occurence of some configurations in the irrigation system, and consequently different hydraulic head distributions, discharge and system management. After the system has been implanted, it is necessary to verify pressure and discharge distribution in the operational unit. This work objective was to verify pressure and discharge uniformity on derivation line and lateral lines with micro sprinkle in data gotten from operational research. The results allow to check that despite analyzed declivity; the higher the emission uniformity calculated for the line of derivation in the project is, the higher its pressure uniformity is. Previously the results of discharge in the emitters of the operational unit showed a constant variation entering the point of higher discharge and lower discharge, even though differently from the three tested irrigation blades.

Os efeitos de um programa de atividade física de carga progressiva nas propriedades físicas e na força óssea de ratas osteopênicas

Background: Many studies have shown that physical exercises are able to stimulate bone formation and increase bone mass, constituting a therapeutic modality to treat bone loss due to osteoporosis. However, some points about the intensity, duration and frequency of the exercises remain confusing and contradictory. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of a progressive loading exercise program on femur of osteopenic rats. To induce osteopenia we used the animal model of ovariectomy (OVX). Forty animals was studied and divided into 4 groups: sham-operated sedentary (SS); ovariectomy-sedentary (OS); sham-operated training (ST) and ovariectomy training (OT). The trained groups performed jumps into water: 4 series of 10 jumps each, with an overload of 50% to 80% of the animal's body weight, during 8 weeks. Femora were submitted to a physical properties evaluation, a biomechanical test, calcium and phosphorus content measurement and a morphometric histological evaluation. Results: osteopenic animals showed a decrease of bone strength and lower values of bone weights, bone density and calcium content. The exercised osteopenic rats showed higher values of geometrical, physical properties, bone strength and calcium content compared to controls. The results of the present study indicate that the progressive loading exercise program had stimulatory effects on femora of osteopenic rats. It seems that the intensity and duration of the protocol used produced bone structural adaptations, which contributed to reverse bone loss due to ovariectomy.

Capacidade de carga real (ccr) da caverna de santana, parque estadual turístico do alto ribeira (Petar) - sp, e indicações para o seu manejo turístico

The tourist use of Santana cave provides a row of environmental damages, compromising partially the pristine conditions. Among the measures adopted to avoid this situation, this issue presents a contribution for the physical limits to tourist visitation and the indications for speleotouristic management. It was used the Cifuentes Carrying Capacity method and some basic principles of Visitors Impact Management Framework - VIM. The results show a Real Carrying Capacity (CCR) about 120 visits daily on the cave. The discussions raise a few hypotheses about the alteration in the method used and the temporal frequency between visitors groups, suggesting a provisional CCR of 117 and 135 visitors daily, respectively, during the week and in the weekends and holidays. The conclusions appoint the necessity of a conceptual revision in the Carrying Capacity methods, mainly about its adaptation for tourist management in caves. In the case studied, it is suggested the immediate beginning of environmental monitoring of the cave, to verify the plausibility from proposed visitation limits and the possible contributions for to mitigate the environmental impacts from speleotourism.

Degradação ruminal e síntese de proteína microbiana em bovines alimentados com silagem de sorgo contendo tanino suplementado com concentrado ou uréia

This work aimed to determine ruminal parameters of dry mater (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and protein synthesis in the rumen of animals fed diets based on sorghum with different tannin levels. In situ degradation was evaluated by rumen incubation of level 1 (L1) and level 2 (L2) sorghum silages during 0, 6, 24, 48 and 96 hours. A duplicated 4 × 4 Latin Square was used. Potential degradability (PD) of DM was similar among silages, whereas the effective degradability (ED) decreased when the diets were supplemented with concentrate. Microbial nitrogen flux and microbial synthesis efficiency were not affected by roughage source. The synthesis efficiency, expressed in organic matter and crude protein digested in rumen, was higher in L1 tannin diets supplemented with concentrate. There was not relationship between the presence of tannins and the parameters of ruminal degradation.

Planificación ecoturística y capacidad de carga

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Contaminação microbiana das soluções de processamento radiográfico: Risco de infecção cruzada

Objective: To evaluate the microbial contamination in samples of radiographic developing and fixing solutions, radiographic processing water, dental unit waterlines and dental office's external water supply. Methods: Samples of 50 private dental offices and 20 dental offices of the School of Dentistry de Araçatuba-UNESP were collected. The samples were subjected to neutralization of the residual inhibitory agents followed by pre-enrichment in peptone water and EVA broth and were inoculated in selective and non-selective culture media. The DNA of the samples was extracted and the presence of superinfectant microorganisms was evaluated by PCR. The differences in the prevalence of the microorganisms in the samples of the solutions were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance for category data, while the Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to evaluate the existence of associations between the total number of heterotrophic microorganisms and infection control protocols. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: Samples of radiographic fixing solution presented a remarkably less frequent contamination than radiographic developing solution and radiographic processing water. The latter exhibited microorganisms typically originated from the oral microbiota and human skin as well as microorganisms frequently found in dental unit waterlines. There was less contamination of radiographic processing water in the dental offices where the x-ray film packets were disinfected before processing or were covered by a plastic film. Additionally, all samples of dental office's external water supply were drinkable. Conclusion: Covering the x-ray film packets with a plastic film protection barrier was proven the best manner to reduce the contamination of the evaluated solutions.

Perda de carga em mangueiras gotejadoras novas e usadas

This paper aims to determine the importance of emitter ́s local head loss in the hydraulic design of hose drip lines, as well as comparing the result of equations that calculate the local head loss; besides verifying the influence of iron precipitated at the hose head loss made in Brazil. The result found that localized head loss represents 23% of the total head loss; the equations showed significant results and the total head loss increased in an average of 20% after the irrigation system was used with water rich in iron.

Alterações da densidade mineral óssea em vértebras de ratos wistar submetidos à ausência de carga nos membros pélvicos

The suspension of rats by the tail model is used to investigate the behavior of bone in animals unable to move around. Bone is an adaptative tissue that develops in structure and function, among other factors, in response to mechanical forces applied to it and metabolic demands that it will suffer. The absence of mechanical forces and deformation of bone that occurs causes a decrease in calcium deposition in the absence of stimuli on osteoblasts and osteocytes, favoring the action of osteoclasts, making bones weak and brittle. Therefore, the mechanical action is necessary to stimulate local bone response and thus provide growth and remodeling. The aim of this study was to evaluable by radiographic densitometry, the tail suspension for 15 and 36 days alter the bone mineral density of cervical vertebrae (C3), thoracic (T6) and lumbar (L1 and L3) of Wistar rats. Thirty Rattus norvegicus albinus, adult, male, Wistar strain, average body mass ± 350g, were divided into 3 groups: control (n = 10) - not suspended; S15 (n = 10) - suspended for 15 days and S36 (n = 10) - suspended for 36 days. For densitometric analysis vertebrae were radiographed, scanned, digitized and analyzed by the computer program ImageJ®. There was a statistically significant increase in bone mineral density in group S15, probably by the restlessness of the animals to the suspension, with a decrease in group S36, and this hypothetically is linked to the accommodation of the rats, concluding that the tail suspension altered bone mineral density in first time with a decrease over time.

La carga de la deuda y la crisis: ¿se deberá llegar a la solución unilateral?

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Previsão de carga multinodal utilizando redes neurais de regressão generalizada

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Aplicação do método de Newton desacoplado para o fluxo de carga continuado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)