Microleakage of hydrophilic adhesive systems in Class V composite restorations

Purpose: To investigate the microleakage of four hydrophilic adhesive systems: one multiple-bottles (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus); two one-bottle (Single Bond, Stae); and one self-etching (Etch & Prime 3.0). Materials and Methods: 120 bovine incisor teeth were divided into four groups (n = 30) and Class V cavities were prepared at the cemento-enamel junction. The cavities were restored with the adhesive systems and with Z100 composite. The teeth were thermocycled 1,000 times between 5 +/- 2 degreesC and 55 +/- 2 degreesC with a dwell time of 1 min, and then placed in a 2% methylene blue dye (pH 7.0) for 4 hrs, washed and sectioned vertically through the center of the restorations. The qualitative evaluation was made by three examiners who distributed pre-established scores (0-4) for each tooth using a stereomicroscope at x30 magnification. Results: In enamel margins little microleakage was observed and the Kruskal-Wallis analysis did not show differences. In dentin margins the KruskaI-Wallis and multiple comparison analyses were applied: microleakage was significantly greater with Stae (median 3) and Scotchbond MP Plus (median 4). Single Bond (median 1) and Etch & Prime 3.0 (median 2) showed the best results in dentin margins, and the statistical analysis did not demonstrate differences in microleakage among these groups.

Multiple active levels in Bi12TiO20 crystals

The existence of multiple active levels in a photorefractive Bi12TiO20 crystal is here investigated at 514.5nm wavelength. We carry out two-wave mixing experiments using symmetrically incident beams of equal intensities. A large amplitude fast phase modulation in one of the beams reduces the fringes visibility and improves the detection of the generated frequency modulated signals in both (R and S) output directions. Diffraction efficiencies of the phase (photorefractive) and the absorption (photochromic) gratings are quantitatively computed as functions of the grating period. Results show that the absorption grating has two distinct components: one associated to the photorefractive trap density modulation and another related to local light-induced effects between different levels. The photorefractive grating was also investigated at 633nm and 594nm (besides 514.5nm) and a significant quenching of the photorefractive effect was observed at these wavelengths.

THE EFFECTS OF FOREBRAIN MULTIPLE LESIONS ON THE PRESSOR-RESPONSE INDUCED BY BILATERAL CAROTID OCCLUSION IN CONSCIOUS RATS

In the present study, the effects of electrolytic lesions of the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region and of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) on the pressor response induced by bilateral carotid occlusion (BCO) in conscious intact and aortic baroreceptor-denervated (AD) rats were investigated. In intact control rats, BCO during 60 s produced a pressor response that could be divided into an early response (ER = 50 +/- 3 mmHg) that reachs a peak during the first 20 s and a sustained late response (LR), smaller than ER (32 +/- 2 mmHg), observed during the last 30 s. In intact-innervated rats, AV3V lesion (2 days) reduced ER (22 +/- 3 mmHg) and LR (16 +/- 2 mmHg), whereas the bilateral MFB lesions (6 days) mainly reduced LR (9 +/- 1 mmHg). Rats with simultaneous lesion of both the AV3V region and the MFB showed additional reduction of the ER (15 +/- 3 mmHg), but not LR (11 +/- 1 mmHg) when compared to the effect of MFB lesions alone. Compared to the AV3V lesion alone, LR but not ER was reduced in rats with a double lesion. In sham-lesioned rats, AD induced a significant increase in the pressor response to BCO (ER = 75 +/- 4 mmHg and LR = 65 +/- 3 mmHg) when compared to intact controls. A similar reduction in ER and LR was observed in AD rats after AV3V (ER = 35 +/- 3 mmHg and LR = 40 +/- 2 mmHg) and MFB (ER = 49 +/- 6 mmHg and LR = 41 +/- 5 mmHg) lesions alone or combined (ER = 40 +/- 6 mmHg and LR = 35 +/- 7 mmHg). The results showed that simultaneous lesions of both the AV3V region and the MFB practically abolished the pressor response to BCO. They also suggested that aortic baroreceptor activity plays a significant role in the effects of AV3V and MFB lesions on the pressor response to BCO.

Hybrid reflections in InGaP/GaAs(001) by synchrotron radiation multiple diffraction

Hybrid reflections (HRs) involving substrate and layer planes (SL type) [Morelhao et al., Appl. Phys. Len. 73 (15), 2194 (1998)] observed in Chemical Beam Epitaxy (CBE) grown InGaP/GaAs(001) structures were used as a three-dimensional probe to analyze structural properties of epitaxial layers. A set of (002) rocking curves (omega-scan) measured for each 15 degrees in the azimuthal plane was arranged in a pole diagram in phi for two samples with different layer thicknesses (#A -58 nm and #B - 370 nm) and this allowed us to infer the azimuthal epilayer homogeneity in both samples. Also, it was shown the occurrence of (1 (1) over bar3) HR detected even in the thinner layer sample. Mappings of the HR diffraction condition (omega:phi) allowed to observe the crystal truncation rod through the elongation of HR shape along the substrate secondary reflection streak which can indicate in-plane match of layer/substrate lattice parameters. (C) 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Liver HLA-G expression is associated with multiple clinical and histopathological forms of chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Thermistor behaviour and electric conduction analysis of Ni-doped niobate ferroelectric: the role of multiple beta parameters

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Utilisation of bacterial (Rubrivivax gelatinosus) biomass for egg yolk pigmentation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Challenges of modeling depth-integrated marine primary productivity over multiple decades: A case study at BATS and HOT

The performance of 36 models (22 ocean color models and 14 biogeochemical ocean circulation models (BOGCMs)) that estimate depth-integrated marine net primary productivity (NPP) was assessed by comparing their output to in situ (14)C data at the Bermuda Atlantic Time series Study (BATS) and the Hawaii Ocean Time series (HOT) over nearly two decades. Specifically, skill was assessed based on the models' ability to estimate the observed mean, variability, and trends of NPP. At both sites, more than 90% of the models underestimated mean NPP, with the average bias of the BOGCMs being nearly twice that of the ocean color models. However, the difference in overall skill between the best BOGCM and the best ocean color model at each site was not significant. Between 1989 and 2007, in situ NPP at BATS and HOT increased by an average of nearly 2% per year and was positively correlated to the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation index. The majority of ocean color models produced in situ NPP trends that were closer to the observed trends when chlorophyll-alpha was derived from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), rather than fluorometric or SeaWiFS data. However, this was a function of time such that average trend magnitude was more accurately estimated over longer time periods. Among BOGCMs, only two individual models successfully produced an increasing NPP trend (one model at each site). We caution against the use of models to assess multiannual changes in NPP over short time periods. Ocean color model estimates of NPP trends could improve if more high quality HPLC chlorophyll-alpha time series were available.

The protist Trichomonas vaginalis harbors multiple lineages of transcriptionally active Mutator-like elements

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)