Shared Photography: (Photo)journalism and political mobilisation in Rio de Janeiro's favelas

One of the most important civic phenomena emerging from favelas in Rio de Janeiro today is ���community (photo)journalism���, which is practised by favela residents who are trained in journalistic and artistic techniques to raise critical awareness and promote political mobilisation in- and outside favelas. This paper looks at some of the work produced at one training place for community photographers, the agency-school Imagens do Povo (���Images of the People���) in Nova Holanda, a favela located in Rio���s North Zone. Using an ethnographic approach, this article first provides an account of the working practices of the School and its photographers. This is followed by a discussion of a small sample of their photographic work, for which we employ a social semiotic paradigm of image analysis. This methodological synergy provides insights into how these journalists document long-term structural as well as ���spectacular��� violence in favelas, while at the same time striving to capture some of the ���beauty��� of these communities. The paper concludes that this form of photographic work constitutes an important step towards a more analytical brand of journalism with different news values that encourage a more context-sensitive approach to covering urban violence and favela life.<br/><br/>KEYWORDS: alternative media, Imagens do Povo, multimodality, news values, photojournalism.<br/><br/><br/><br/> <br/><br/><br/> <br/>

Mestres estrangeiros; operariado nacional : resist��ncias e derrotas no cotidiano da maior f��brica t��xtil do rio de janeiro (1890 - 1920)

Disserta����o (mestrado)���Universidade de Bras��lia, Departamento de Hist��ria, Programa de P��s-Gradua����o em Hist��ria, 2015.

Zika is not a reason for missing the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro: response to the open letter of Dr Attaran and colleagues to Dr Margaret Chan, Director - General, WHO, on the Zika threat to the Olympic and Paralympic Games

Attaran and colleagues in an open letter to WHO expressed their concern about the upcoming Olympic and Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro and the threat posed by the Zika epidemic (Attaran 2016). We agree that Zika virus is of great public health concern and much remains to be known about this disease. Care should be taken to reduce the risk of infection, especially to pregnant women. However, we argue that this is not sufficient reason for changing the original plans for the Games, in particular because of the time of the year when they will take place. The present article outlines several scientific results related to Zika and mosquito-borne infectious diseases dynamics that we believe ratify the current position of WHO in not endorsing the postponing or relocation of the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games (WHO 2016).

[why Does The Prevalence Of Cytopathological Results Of Cervical Cancer Screening Can Vary Significantly Between Two Regions Of Brazil?].

To analyze the prevalence of cervical cytopathological results for the screening of cervical cancer with regard to women's age and time since the last examination in Macei�� and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, among those assisted by the Brazilian Unified Health System. Cervical cytopathological results available in the Information System of Cervical Cancer Screening for the year 2011 were analyzed, corresponding to 206,550 for Rio de Janeiro and 45,243 for Macei��. In Rio de Janeiro, examination at one and two year intervals predominated, while in Macei�� examination at one and three year intervals had a higher predominance. Women who underwent cervical smear screening in Macei�� were older than those in Rio de Janeiro. The prevalence of invasive squamous cell carcinoma was similar for the two cities, but all the other results presented a higher prevalence in Rio de Janeiro: ASCUS (PR=5.32; 95%CI 4.66-6.07); ASCH (PR=4.27; 95%CI 3.15-5.78); atypical glandular cells (PR=10.02; 95%CI 5.66-17.76); low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (PR=6.10; 95%CI 5.27-7.07); high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (PR=8.90; 95%CI 6.50-12.18) and adenocarcinoma (PR=3.00; 95%CI 1.21-7.44). The rate of unsatisfactory cervical samples was two times higher in Macei�� and that of rejected samples for analysis was five times higher in Macei�� when compared to Rio de Janeiro. The prevalence rates of altered cervical cytopathological results was significantly higher in Rio de Janeiro than in Macei��. There is no objective information that may justify this difference. One hypothesis is that there may be a difference in the diagnostic performance of the cervical cancer screening, which could be related to the quality of the Pap smear. Thus, these findings suggest that it would be necessary to perform this evaluation at national level, with emphasis on the performance of cervical cancer screening in order to improve the effectiveness of cervical cancer control.

Chromobacterium Amazonense Sp. Nov. Isolated From Water Samples From The Rio Negro, Amazon, Brazil.

The taxonomic position of a bacterium isolated from water samples from the Rio Negro, in Amazon, Brazil, was determined by using a polyphasic approach. The organism formed a distinct phyletic line in the Chromobacterium 16S rRNA gene tree and had chemotaxonomic and morphological properties consistent with its classification in this genus. It was found to be closely related to Chromobacterium vaccinii DSM 25150(T) (98.6��% 16S rRNA gene similarity) and shared 98.5��% 16S rRNA gene similarity with Chromobacterium piscinae LGM 3947(T). DNA-DNA relatedness studies showed that isolate CBMAI 310(T) belongs to distinct genomic species. The isolate was readily distinguished from the type strain of these species using a combination of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties. Thus, based on genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that isolate CBMAI 310(T) (=DSM 26508(T)) be classified in the genus Chromobacterium as the type strain of a novel species, namely, Chromobacterium amazonense sp. nov.

Hist��ria do lazer na natureza no Rio de Janeiro entre 1779 e 1838 : um estudo de caso

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educa����o F��sica

Effects of temperature and salinity on the survival rates of coxicerberus ramosae (Albuquerque, 1978), an interstitial isopod of a Sandy Beach on the coast of Brazil

The tolerance to the combined effects of temperature and salinity was investigated in the interstitial isopod Coxicerberus ramosae (Albuquerque, 1978), a species of intertidal zone of sandy beaches in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The animals were collected on Praia Vermelha Beach. The experiments lasted 24 h and nine salinities and seven temperatures were used for a total of 63 combinations. Thirty animals were tested in each combination. The species showed high survival in most of the combinations. The temperature of 35 ��C was lethal and at 5 ��C, the animals tolerated only a narrow range of salinities. The statistical analyses showed that the effects of temperature and salinity were significant on the survival, which confirmed the euryhalinity and eurythermy of this species.

A new species of Bryconadenos (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio Curu��, rio Xingu drainage, Brazil

A second inseminating species bearing club cells organized into an anal-fin gland in sexually active males belonging to the genus Bryconadenos was recently discovered in the rio Xingu drainage and is described as new. It is distinguished from B. tanaothoros by the presence of a conspicuous dark blotch at the humeral region, and fewer scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and anal-fin origin. Males of B. weitzmani have longer pelvic fins at sizes beyond 30 mm SL. Bryconadenos weitzmani is further distinguished from B. tanaothoros by the cup shape of the anal-fin gland, its lower part much more developed than the upper, whereas in B. tanaothoros there is just a slit separating the almost equally developed upper and lower parts.

New species of Jupiaba Zanata (Characiformes: Characidae) from Serra do Cachimbo, with comments on the endemism of upper rio Curu��, rio Xingu basin, Brazil

A new species of Jupiaba is described from rio Curu��, a tributary of the rio Iriri, rio Xingu basin, Par�� State, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the unique combination of teeth cusps of similar size, dentary teeth gradually decreasing in size towards posterior portion, color pattern consisting of dark markings on the base of the majority of lateral body scales, inconspicuous dark elongate humeral blotch and conspicuous dark round blotch on the caudal peduncle, and 21 to 24 branched anal-fin rays. The new species is very similar, and possibly sister taxon to J. meunieri. Comments on the endemism of the fish fauna of the upper rio Curu�� are given.

Caracteriza����o molecular do v��rus da raiva isolado de Desmodus rotundus capturados no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Caracterizou-se filogeneticamente o v��rus da raiva, isolado de morcegos hemat��gafos (Demodus rotundus). Cento e noventa e nove D. rotundus foram capturados em cinco abrigos, no Norte e Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e sul do Esp��rito Santo. Sete deles foram positivos para a raiva. Amostras desses v��rus foram sequenciadas e comparadas com sequ��ncias provenientes de diversos estados brasileiros. As sequ��ncias de v��rus da raiva isoladas, na regi��o norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, mostraram caracter��sticas que as distinguem de amostras de v��rus isoladas em outras regi��es do pa��s, no entanto foram id��nticas ��s isoladas de bovinos no noroeste do Rio de Janeiro.

Eventos de vida produtores de estresse e queixas de ins��nia entre auxiliares de enfermagem de um hospital universit��rio no Rio de Janeiro: estudo Pr��-Sa��de

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associa����o entre eventos de vida produtores de estresse (EVPE) e queixas de ins��nia (QI). M��TODOS: Foram analisados dados seccionais de 695 auxiliares de enfermagem de um hospital universit��rio, participantes do Estudo Pr��-Sa��de - coorte de funcion��rios de uma universidade no Rio de Janeiro. As informa����es foram obtidas atrav��s de um question��rio multidimensional e autopreenchido, que avaliou a ocorr��ncia de EVPE nos ��ltimos 12 meses, vari��veis socioecon��micas e demogr��ficas e QI. As QI foram analisadas como desfecho polit��mico (frequente, ocasional, e ausente). Odds ratios brutos e ajustados foram calculados atrav��s de regress��o log��stica multinomial. RESULTADOS: A preval��ncia total de QI foi de 45,8% (16,7% frequentes e 29,1% ocasionais). Ap��s ajuste por sexo, idade, estado civil, renda familiar per capita e regime de trabalho, os EVPE associados com QI frequentes foram: "rompimento de rela����o amorosa" (OR = 3,32; IC95% 1,90 - 5,78), "ter tido problemas graves de sa��de" (OR = 2,82; IC95% 1,73 - 4,58); "dificuldades financeiras graves" (OR = 2,38; IC95% 1,46 - 3,88), e "mudan��a for��ada de moradia" (OR = 1,97; IC95% 1,02 - 3,79). Com rela����o ��s QI ocasionais, houve associa����o apenas com rompimento de rela����o amorosa (OR = 2,30; IC95% 1,42 - 3,74) e dificuldades financeiras graves (OR = 1,87; IC95% 1,27 - 2,75). CONCLUS��ES: Dada a responsabilidade com vidas humanas que os auxiliares de enfermagem assumem durante seu hor��rio de trabalho, nossos achados podem contribuir para a����es mais efetivas, por parte dos servi��os de sa��de ao trabalhador, para lidar com o estresse nessa categoria

Leetotypilications and a Validation in Baccharis Asteraceae, Astereae) Names from Brazil

The study of collections from the RB herbarium in Rio de Janeiro. Brazil, allows the lectotypification of three names in the Asteraceae: Baccharis xhoelmeana Teodoro, B. xpaulopolitana Teodoro & W. Hoehne, and B. x wilsoniana Teodoro. Additionally, the name B. lymanii G. M. Barroso ex G. Heiden is validated by the indication of a holotype.

Influence of the bacterioplankton community of a tropical eutrophic lagoon on the bacterial community of its neighbouring ocean

The Rodrigo de Freitas lagoon (RFL) is a tropical eutrophic coastal ecosystem located in the urban area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This environment consists of freshwater but has communication with the ocean through a channel (Jardim de Alah`s Channel). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of lagoon water on the nearby ocean using molecular and traditional microbiological methods. We hypothesised that due to the eutrophic low-salinity environment, the bacterioplankton community from the RFL would have a native ""brackish"" composition influenced by both freshwater and marine phylotypes, and that bacterial phylotypes of this community would be detected in oceanic samples closer to the channel between the lagoon and the ocean. The cultivation and microscopy experiments clearly showed this influence. Bacterial cell counts revealed that the greater amounts of bacterial cells present in the lagoon increased the observed values seen at oceanic stations near the channel. The Denaturing gradient gel eletrophoresis community profiles also showed a clear influence of Rodrigo de Freitas lagoon waters on the adjacent beaches. The band patterns found for the stations near the channel showed that these communities were mixtures of the communities of the lagoon and sea, and as the distance from the channel increased, the samples became more similar to ocean bacterial communities. A 16S rRNA gene clone library was constructed using a sample acquired from the connection point between the lagoon and the ocean. Around 52% of the sequences in the library showed similarity to the genus Proteobacteria (1% Alpha, 21% Beta, 19% Gamma and 29% unclassified Proteobacteria), and the second most abundant genus was Bacteroidetes, with 15% of the total clones. The results showed that the structure of the bacterial community had both freshwater and marine characteristics.