Management of isolated orbital floor blow-out fractures: a survey of Australian and New Zealand oral and maxillofacial surgeons

Background: This is the first report of involvement of Australian and New Zealand oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the management of isolated orbital floor blow-out fractures and was conducted to obtain comparisons with the results from a recent similar survey of British oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Methods: A questionnaire survey was sent to all 113 practising members of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons in April 2002 with a second mailout 1 month later. Results: Sixty-nine per cent of the respondents were referred isolated orbital floor blow-out fractures for manage-ment, and just over half of these respondents estimated that 50% or more of the cases went to surgery. The materials most commonly used in orbital floor reconstruction were resorbable membrane for small defects and autologous bone for large defects. Conclusion: As in Britain, management of isolated orbital floor blow-out fractures comprises part of the surgical spectrum for many oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Australia and New Zealand. The management protocol was observed to be very similar between the two groups.

The experiences and perceptions of unit managers in facilitating oral health in adults with intellectual disability

This qualitative research investigated the experiences and perceptions of unit managers regarding their involvement with oral health management of adults with intellectual disability. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with eight participants working in four different area offices of a metropolitan disability service, whose experience as unit managers ranged from 1 to 17 years. Key themes identified in the interview data focused on unit managers' views of the oral health of this group, the support roles involved in the oral health of adults with intellectual disability, the priority of oral health, the experiences of the participants within the oral health system, and the strategies for supporting adults with intellectual disability in oral health management. Implications of the findings included the need to improve education for all persons involved in the oral health of adults with intellectual disability, to encourage a collaborative approach to oral health by workers within accommodation support services and the oral health system, and to enable adults with intellectual disability to maximally participate in their own oral health management.

Oral candidosis and the therapeutic use of antifungal agents in dentistry

This paper reviews the current concepts of mycology and candidal infections as they relate to the oral cavity. Proposed classification for the presentation of oral candidosis is outlined as are examples of these topical infections, such as erythematous, pseudomembranous and hyperplastic candidosis, as well as angular chelitis and median rhomboid glossitis. The diagnosis and principles of management of oral candidosis are discussed, the therapeutic agents available for the management of these infections are presented and a treatment protocol for the management of patients with oral candidosis is given.

Oral viral infections and the therapeutic use of antiviral agents in dentistry

This paper reviews the current concepts of viral classification, infection and replication. The clinical presentation of common oral viral infections encountered in the dental practice are discussed, including: herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2; Epstein-Barr virus; varicella-zoster virus; Coxsackie virus; human papilloma virus; and human immunodeficiency virus. The diagnosis, principles of management and pharmacological agents available for the treatment of oral viral infections are also discussed.

Oral granular cell tumour of the lip in an adult patient

Oral granular cell tumour is a rare soft tissue tumour of mesenchymal origin. The most frequently affected site in the oral cavity is the tongue, followed by the floor of mouth, and buccal mucosa. In paediatric patients, 25% of cases have been reported to occur in the lip, but this presentation in adults is extremely rare. We report a case of oral granular cell tumour in a 35 year-old female, located in the lower lip. Histopathological examination revealed eosinophilic granular cells which stained positively for S-100 protein; a finding supportive of a neural origin. A history of trauma was elicited in this case, and the lesion was treated with surgical excision.

Patients' perceptions and experiences of taking oral glucose-lowering agents: a longitudinal qualitative study

Aims The aims of this study were to examine Type 2 diabetic patients' expectations, perceptions and experiences of oral glucose-lowering agents (OGLAs), including their reasons for taking/not taking these drugs as prescribed and to provide recommendations for developing interventions to improve OGLA adherence. Methods Longitudinal, qualitative study using repeat in-depth interviews with patients (n = 20) over 4 years following clinical diagnosis. Respondents were recruited from primary and secondary care settings across Lothian, Scotland, UK. Results Despite experiences of side-effects, dislikes and concerns about taking multiple drugs and a belief that OGLAs could themselves cause one's diabetes to progress, most respondents appeared motivated to take these drugs as prescribed. This motivation seemed to arise from respondents' experiences of taking OGLAs and observing them to 'work'. Some respondents described feeling better after taking OGLAs, others, typically those who were asymptomatic, used blood glucose self-monitoring and/or glycated haemoglobin results to observe and evidence the effects of their OGLAs. Most respondents demonstrated a 'passive' expectation that health professionals should be responsible for decisions about medications. Hence, non-adherence typically resulted from forgetfulness rather than ambivalence about either medication or consultation style. Respondent concern about OGLA's largely centred upon lack of knowledge about the medication and what to do when doses were missed. Conclusion The findings call for multifaceted strategies to promote adherence. These could include education to address misconceptions and advise patients how to respond to missed doses; reminders to help patients remember to take their drugs; and structured feedback on the impact of OGLAs on glycaemic control.

Use of public oral health services by the adult population: a multilevel analysis

Background It is important to assess context to explain inequalities in oral health, particularly with regard to the type of service used; thus, this study aimed to identify the social determinants of public dental service use by adults and to assess whether, beyond the level individual, existing inequalities are also expressed in the context in which individuals are embedded. Methods A multilevel analysis with three levels of aggregation of variables was performed. The individual variables were derived from the database of the SB Minas Gerais project—a survey of oral health status of the population of Minas Gerais, a state of the Brazilian Southeast region. The variable at the neighborhood level came from the Census of 2010. The variables at the municipal level were obtained from available public databases relating to oral health services. At the municipal level, the Human Development Index (HDI) variable was chosen to represent quality of life in the municipalities. Results In the final model, the following individual variables were associated with greater use of public dental services: lower income (PR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.53; 2.58), higher number of residents at home (PR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.11; 1.68) and higher number of teeth requiring treatment (PR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.20; 1.84). With regard to context variables, a poorer infrastructure (PR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40; 0.96) leads to a lower use of public services. Conclusion The use of public services is associated with family income, how this income is divided in households, the need for treatment presented by the individual and the organization of the existing oral health service infrastructure in the municipality.

Association of the XPD and XRCC3 gene polymorphisms with oral squamous cell carcinoma in a Northeastern Brazilian population: A pilot study

Objective to evaluate the association between XPD and XRCC3 polymorphisms and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Design the sample consisted of 54 cases of OSCC and 40 cases of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH). Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results XPD-Lys/Gln was more common in IFH (n = 28; 70%) than in OSCC (n = 24; 44.4%) (OR: 0.3; p < 0.05). XPD-Gln was more frequent in high-grade lesions (0.48) than in low-grade lesions (0.21) (OR: 3.4; p < 0.05). The Gln/Gln genotype was associated with III and IV clinical stages (OR: 0.07; p < 0.05). XRCC3-Met was more frequent in OSCC (0.49) than in IFH (0.35) (OR: 2.6; p < 0.05). The Met/Met genotype was associated with the presence of metastases (OR: 8.1; p < 0.05) and with III and IV clinical stages (OR: 0.07; p < 0.05). Conclusions in this sample, the frequency of XPD-Gln in IFH suggests that this variant may protect against OSCC. The presence of the XRCC3-Met allele seems to contribute to the development of OSCC, metastases and more advanced stages in these lesions.

Association of the XPD and XRCC3 gene polymorphisms with oral squamous cell carcinoma in a Northeastern Brazilian population: A pilot study

Objective to evaluate the association between XPD and XRCC3 polymorphisms and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Design the sample consisted of 54 cases of OSCC and 40 cases of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH). Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results XPD-Lys/Gln was more common in IFH (n = 28; 70%) than in OSCC (n = 24; 44.4%) (OR: 0.3; p < 0.05). XPD-Gln was more frequent in high-grade lesions (0.48) than in low-grade lesions (0.21) (OR: 3.4; p < 0.05). The Gln/Gln genotype was associated with III and IV clinical stages (OR: 0.07; p < 0.05). XRCC3-Met was more frequent in OSCC (0.49) than in IFH (0.35) (OR: 2.6; p < 0.05). The Met/Met genotype was associated with the presence of metastases (OR: 8.1; p < 0.05) and with III and IV clinical stages (OR: 0.07; p < 0.05). Conclusions in this sample, the frequency of XPD-Gln in IFH suggests that this variant may protect against OSCC. The presence of the XRCC3-Met allele seems to contribute to the development of OSCC, metastases and more advanced stages in these lesions.

Development of a program of radiopaque lesions images via radiographic cases for active learning in oral medicine

Through the creation of this project in English, we have made a file of radiographic images that will be used by third year dental students in order to improve the practical teaching part of the subject of Oral Medicine, essentially by incorporating these files to the Virtual Campus. We have selected the most representative radiopaque radiographic images studied in pathology lectures given. We have prepared a file with 59 radiopaque radiographic images. These lesions have been divided according to their relationship and number with the tooth, into the following groups: “Anatomic radiopacities”, “Periapical radiopacities”, “Solitary radiopacities not necessarily contacting teeth”,“Multiple separate radiopacities”, and “Generalized radiopacities”. We created 4 flowcharts synthesizing the mayor explanatory bases of each pathological process in relation to other pathologies within each location. We have focused primarily in those clinical and radiographic features that can help us differentiate one pathology from another. We believe that by giving the student a knowledge base through each flowchart, as well as provide clinical cases, will start their curiosity to seek new cases on the Internet or try to look for images that we have not been able to locate due to low frequency. In addition, as this project has been done in English, it will provide the students with necessary tools to do a literature search, as most of the medical and dental literature is in English; thus far, providing the student with this material necessary to make the appropriate searched using keywords in English.

Assessment of the EEE-4 oral test: a discourse analysis based on complex networks.

With the development of information technology, the theory and methodology of complex network has been introduced to the language research, which transforms the system of language in a complex networks composed of nodes and edges for the quantitative analysis about the language structure. The development of dependency grammar provides theoretical support for the construction of a treebank corpus, making possible a statistic analysis of complex networks. This paper introduces the theory and methodology of the complex network and builds dependency syntactic networks based on the treebank of speeches from the EEE-4 oral test. According to the analysis of the overall characteristics of the networks, including the number of edges, the number of the nodes, the average degree, the average path length, the network centrality and the degree distribution, it aims to find in the networks potential difference and similarity between various grades of speaking performance. Through clustering analysis, this research intends to prove the network parameters’ discriminating feature and provide potential reference for scoring speaking performance.

Oral foreign body granuloma: unusual presentation of a rare adverse reaction to permanent injectable cosmetic filler

COSTA MIGUEL, M. C.; NONAKA, C. F. W.; GERMANO, A. R.; SOUZA, L. B.; SOUZA, L. B. Oral foreign body granuloma: unusual presentation of a rare adverse reaction to permanent injectable cosmetic filler. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, v. 38, p. 385-387, 2009.

Oral foreign body granuloma: unusual presentation of a rare adverse reaction to permanent injectable cosmetic filler

COSTA MIGUEL, M. C.; NONAKA, C. F. W.; GERMANO, A. R.; SOUZA, L. B.; SOUZA, L. B. Oral foreign body granuloma: unusual presentation of a rare adverse reaction to permanent injectable cosmetic filler. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, v. 38, p. 385-387, 2009.

Corrective feedback in oral interaction: A comparison of a CLIL and an EFL classroom

[EN] Since Long's Interaction Hypothesis (Long, 1983) multiple studies have suggested the need of oral interaction for successful second language learning. Within this perspective, a great deal of research has been carried out to investigate the role of corrective feedback in the process of acquiring a second language, but there are still varied open debates about this issue. This comparative study seeks to contribute to the existing literature on corrective feedback in oral interaction by exploring teachers' corrective techniques and students' response to these corrections. Two learning contexts were observed and compared: a traditional English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom and a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) classroom .The main aim was to see whether our data conform to the Counterbalance Hypothesis proposed by Lyster and Mori (2006). Although results did not show significant differences between the two contexts, a qualitative analysis of the data shed some light on the differences between these two language teaching settings. The findings point to the need for further research on error correction in EFL and CLIL contexts in order to overcome the limitations of the present study.

Psychometric properties of the oral health impact profile and new methodological approach

Objective: Evaluate the validity, reliability, and factorial invariance of the complete Portuguese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) and its short version (OHIP-14). Methods: A total of 1,162 adults enrolled in the Faculty of Dentistry of Araraquara/UNESP participated in the study; 73.1% were women; and the mean age was 40.7 ± 16.3 yr. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis, where χ2/df, comparative fit index, goodness of fit index, and root mean square error of approximation were used as indices of goodness of fit. The convergent validity was judged from the average variance extracted and the composite reliability, and the internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach standardized alpha. The stability of the models was evaluated by multigroup analysis in independent samples (test and validation) and between users and nonusers of dental prosthesis. Results: We found best-fitting models for the OHIP-14 and among dental prosthesis users. The convergent validity was below adequate values for the factors “functional limitation” and “physical pain” for the complete version and for the factors “functional limitation” and “psychological discomfort” for the OHIP-14. Values of composite reliability and internal consistency were below adequate in the OHIP-14 for the factors “functional limitation” and “psychological discomfort.” We detected strong invariance between test and validation samples of the full version and weak invariance for OHIP-14. The models for users and nonusers of dental prosthesis were not invariant for both versions. Conclusion: The reduced version of the OHIP was parsimonious, reliable, and valid to capture the construct “impact of oral health on quality of life,” which was more pronounced in prosthesis users.