Avaliação das press��es respiratórias m��ximas em crian��as e adolescentes da grande Natal: elabora����o de uma equa����o preditiva

The human respiratory system was so designed that would allow efficient ventilation, regardless of variations in the external environment that may hinder the act of breathing, such an act involves dozens of variables, among them we find the respiratory depression, which is nothing more than respiratory muscle strength. The pressures are widely used in several cases: Neuro-muscular; evolution of pulmonary dysfunction and a predictor for discontinuation of mechanical ventilation. Therefore it was proposed to carry out evaluations of these respiratory pressures for children and adolescents aged 10 to 16 years and propose a predictive equation that involves the anthropometric variables age (A, years), body mass (BM, kilograms) and height (H, meters) with maximal respiratory pressures (maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure). Evaluations were performed in this age group of students in public and private schools of the Grande Natal , measurements were performed using the analogue manometer, were children and adolescents and their parents gave informed consent. 517 samples were taken, and 250 for males (M), 255 for females (F) and 12 were excluded according to our exclusion criteria. The sample was subdivided into three age groups (10-11, 12-13 and 14 to 16 years old). It was found through the student s t test (p &#8804; 0.05) for all variables studied, children and male adolescents had higher means than females, except for the MC. For the correlation between the variables found significant correlation (p <0.05) among all the variables when analyzed as pairs except between MIP and height for females. The development of predictive equations (for p &#8804; 0.05) based on three types of strategies adopted were restricted to two association between anthropometric variables isolated, resulting in: for males: MIP = -32.29 + (-2.11*A) + (-0.52*BM), MIP = 9.99 + (-0.36*BM) + (-49.40*H); MEP = 18.54 + 3.53*A + 0, 42*BM, MEP = -33.37 + 2.78*A + 52.18* H, MEP = -17.39 + 0.33*BM + 55.04*H; and, for females we find: MEP = 24.32 + 2.59 * A + 0.24*BM

Avaliação bioqu��mica e hostol��gica de f��gado de ratas wistar diab��ticas e tratadas com tamoxifeno

Tamoxifen (TX), a drug used in the treatment of breast cancer, may cause hepatic changes in some patients. The consequences of its use on the liver tissues of rats with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) have not been fully explored. The purpose of this multidisciplinary study was to evaluate the correlation between plasma hepatic enzyme levels and the presence of iron overload in the hepatic tissue of female Wistar rats with or without streptozotocin-induced DM and using TX. Female rats were studied in control groups: C-0 (non-drug users), C-V (sorbitol vehicle only) and C-TX (using TX). DM (diabetic non-drug users) and DM-TX (diabetics using TX) were the test groups. Sixty days after induced DM, blood samples were collected for glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin measures. Hepatic fragments were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson s trichrome, Perls. The hepatic iron content was quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry. AST, ALT and ALP levels were significantly elevated in the DM and DM-TX groups, with unchanged bilirubin levels. Liver iron overload using Perls stain and atomic absorption spectrometry were observed exclusively in groups C-TX and DM-TX. There was positive correlation between AST, ALT and ALP levels and microscopic hepatic siderosis intensity in group DM-TX. In conclusion, TX administration is associated with liver siderosis in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. In addition, TX induced liver iron overload with unaltered hepatic function in 2 non-diabetic rats and may be a useful tool for investigating the biological control of iron metabolism

Avaliação do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em crian��as na rede b��sica de sa��de utilizando o teste de Denver II: identifica����o de fatores de risco materno

Alterations in the neuropsychomotor development of children are not rare and can manifest themselves with varying intensity at different stages of their development. In this context, maternal risk factors may contribute to the appearance of these alterations. A number of studies have reported that neuropsychomotor development diagnosis is not an easy task, especially in the basic public health network. Diagnosis requires effective, low-cost, and easy - to-apply procedures. The Denver Developmental Screening Test, first published in 1967, is currently used in several countries. It has been revised and renamed as the Denver II Test and meets the aforementioned criteria. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to apply the Denver II Test in order to verify the prevalence of suspected neuropsychomotor development delay in children between the ages of 0 and 12 months and correlate it with the following maternal risk factors: family income, schooling, age at pregnancy, drug use during pregnancy, gestational age, gestational problems, type of delivery and the desire to have children. For data collection, performed during the first 6 months of 2004, a clinical assessment was made of 398 children selected by pediatricians and the nursing team of each public health unit. Later, the parents or guardians were asked to complete a structured questionnaire to determine possible risk indicators of neuropsychomotor development delay. Finally the Denver II Developmental Screening Test (DDST) was applied. The data were analyzed together, using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, version 6.1. The confidence interval was set at 95%. The Denver II Test yielded normal and questionable results. This suggests compromised neuropsychomotor development in the children examined and deserves further investigation. The correlation of the results with preestablished maternal risk variables (family income, mother s schooling, age at pregnancy, drug use during the pregnancy and gestational age) was strongly significant. The other maternal risk variables (gestational problems, type of delivery and desire to have children) were not significant. Using an adjusted logistic regression model, we obtained the estimate of the greater likelihood of a child having suspected neuropsychomotor development delay: a mother with _75 4 years of schooling, chronological age less than 20 years and a drug user during pregnancy. This study produced two manuscripts, one published in Acta Cir��rgica Brasileira , in which an analysis was performed of children with suspected neuropsychomotor development delay in the city of Natal, Brazil. The other paper (to be published) analyzed the magnitude of the independent variable maternal schooling associated to neuropsychomotor development delay, every 3 months during the first twelve months of life of the children selected.. The results of the present study reinforce the multifactorial characteristic of development and the cumulative effect of maternal risk factors, and show the need for a regional policy that promotes low-cost programs for the community, involving children at risk of neuropsychomotor development delay. Moreover, they suggest the need for better qualified health professionals in terms of monitoring child development. This was an inter- and multidisciplinary study with the integrated participation of doctors, nurses, nursing assistants and professionals from other areas, such as statisticians and information technology professionals, who met all the requirements of the Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte

Sensibilidade da cin��tica do zinco e avaliação nutricional em crian��as submetidas ao teste venoso de toler��ncia ao zinco

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetics of this micronutrient in schoolchildren between the ages of 6 and 9 years, of both sexes, and to verify its sensitivity in detecting alterations in body zinc status. Methods: Nutritional assessment was performed by body mass index. Food intake, venous zinc tolerance test and zinc kinetics were carried out before and after 3-month oral zinc supplementation. Results: Of the 42 children studied, 76.2% had healthy weight. Only energy, calcium and fiber intake were suboptimal before and after oral zinc supplementation. Serum zinc and total-body zinc clearance, although at normal levels, increased significantly after zinc supplementation. Conclusion: We concluded, therefore, that kinetics is a sensitive tool for detecting changes in body zinc status, even in children without a deficiency of this mineral. Furthermore, kinetics showed a positive response to supplementation and may be a sensitive parameter to evaluate the efficacy of this therapy

Elabora����o e validade do teste de rastreio de doen��a da Alzheimer com prov��rbios (TRDAP) para indiv��duos a partir de sessenta anos

A escassez de instrumentos para a avaliação e a triagem da doen��a de Alzheimer, (DA), notadamente denominados de rastreio, com caracter��sticas de padroniza����o e validados para o Nordeste, motivou este Estudo. Visando �� triagem de uma etapa mais leve da doen��a e encaminhamento precoce ao tratamento multidisciplinar foi elaborado o Teste de Rastreio da Doen��a de Alzheimer com Prov��rbios (TRDAP), a partir de um Jogo de Mem��ria de Prov��rbios, constru��do como recurso terap��utico ocupacional. Est�� composto de tr��s etapas conforme a função neuropsicol��gica avaliada, a A (mem��ria de curto prazo), B (fun����es executivas e linguagem) e C (mem��ria epis��dica), al��m do reconhecimento de prov��rbios. O Estudo foi realizado em uma amostra de conveni��ncia, com 91 idosos (28 DA e 63 controles), a partir de 60 anos, com um ou mais anos de escolaridade. Foram controladas as vari��veis, como doen��as intercorrentes ou d��ficits sensoriais que pudessem comprometer o desempenho dos pacientes, nos testes. O protocolo constou de oito testes selecionados por especialistas: Miniexame do Estado Mental (para validade convergente), Escala de Depress��o Geri��trica EDG (validade discriminante), Lista de Palavras, Flu��ncia Verbal, Span de D��gitos, Figura Neuropsi, Teste do Rel��gio, Atividade de Vida Di��ria e Instrumental. Os resultados confirmaram a validade de construto convergente e discriminante, assim como a rela����o significativa (p<0,005) com todos os testes, exceto com o EDG. Quanto �� validade concorrente, n��o houve discord��ncia com o crit��rio da avaliação m��dica observou-se consist��ncia interna aceit��vel, conferindo confiabilidade no instrumento, o que n��o ocorreu com MEEM. Tais resultados permitem afirmar que o TRDAP possui caracter��sticas psicom��tricas, adequadas ao rastreio da fase leve da DA para popula����o estudada

Avaliação do desempenho funcional de crian��as com paralisia cerebral de acordo com n��veis de comprometimento motor

Contextualization: Several studies have examined the mobility of this group of children, however little is known about the impact of motor function in activities of daily living, considering the seriousness of their neuromotor damage. Objective: Identify the functional differences of children with Cerebral Palsy with different levels of motor dysfunction and correlate these differences with the areas of mobility, self-care and social function in functional ability and caregiver��s assistance of these children. Methods: An l analytical cross-section search was developed, which were part 70 children / families aged from 4 to 7.5 years, in the Rehabilitation Center for Children. As tools were used the Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory (PEDI) and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Data analysis was performed by ANOVA and Pearson's correlation tests. Results: The results show the functional variability of children CP in different severity levels of motor disfunction This variation was observed in the areas of mobility, self-care and social function. The results also showed a strong correlation between the domains mobility and self-care, mobility and social function. Conclusions: The variability shown by the children with CP, suggests the use of PEDI and GMFCS as this association appears to increase the understanding of how the gross motor functions are related to activities of daily living, describing the best commitments and their degree of impact on functional activities. This correlation demonstrates how mobility is crucial to evaluate the performance and guide the therapeutic practice, to develop the children��s potencial, and guide the caregiver in stimulation

Identifica����o e avaliação de propriedades de polissacar��deos sulfatados de diferentes fontes naturais que possibilitem sua aplicabilidade biotecnol��gica

Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) are widely distributed in animals and seaweeds tissues. These polymers have been studied in light of their important pharmacological activities, such as anticoagulant, antioxidant, antitumoral, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. On other hand, SP potential to synthesize biomaterials like as nanoparticules has not yet been explored. In addition, to date, SP have only been found in six plants and all inhabit saline environments. However, the SP pharmacological plant activities have not been carrying out. Furthermore, there are no reports of SP in freshwater plants. Thus, do SP from marine plants show pharmacological activity? Do freshwater plants actually synthesize SP? Is it possible to synthesize nanoparticles using SP from seaweed? In order to understand this question, this Thesis was divided into tree chapters. In the first chapter a sulfated polysaccharide (SPSG) was successfully isolated from marine plant Halodule wrightii. The data presented here showed that the SPSG is a 11 kDa sulfated heterogalactan contains glucose and xylose. Several assays suggested that the SPSG possessed remarkable antioxidant properties in different in vitro assays and an outstanding anticoagulant activity 2.5-fold higher than that of heparin Clexane�� in the aPTT test; in the next chapter using different tools such as chemical and histological analyses, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), gel electrophoresis and infra-red spectroscopy we confirm the presence of sulfated polysaccharides in freshwater plants for the first time. Moreover, we also demonstrate that SP extracted from E. crassipes root has potential as an anticoagulant compound; and in last chapter a fucan, a sulfated polysaccharide, extracted from the brown seaweed was chemically modified by grafting hexadecylamine to the polymer hydrophilic backbone. The resulting modified material (SNFuc) formed nanosized particles. The degree of substitution for hydrophobic chains of 1H NMR was approximately 93%. SNFfuc-TBa125 in aqueous media had a mean diameter of 123 nm and zeta potential of -38.3 �� 0.74 mV, measured bydynamic light scattering. Tumor-cell (HepG2, 786, H-S5) proliferation was inhibited by 2.0 43.7% at SNFuc concentrations of 0.05 0.5 mg/ mL and RAEC non-tumor cell line proliferation displayed inhibition of 8.0 22.0%. On the other hand, nanogel improved CHO and RAW non-tumor cell line proliferation in the same concentration range. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that this fucan nanogel inhibited 786 cell proliferation through caspase and caspaseindependent mechanisms. In addition, SNFuc blocks 786 cell passages in the S and G2-M phases of the cell cycle

Atividade f��sica e outros fatores associados �� função sexual em mulheres de meia idade

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os fatores associados �� disfunção sexual em mulheres de meia idade. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo transversal, que compreendeu 370 mulheres, entre 40 a 65 anos, atendidas nas Unidades B��sicas de Sa��de de cada distrito sanit��rio (Norte, Sul, Leste e Oeste) da cidade de Natal, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Para avaliar a função sexual utilizou-se o Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). A sintomatologia climat��rica foi avaliada por meio do Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). O ��ndice de Blatt-Kupperman (IMBK) foi utilizado para avaliação quantitativa global da ocorr��ncia de sintomas/queixas. A atividade f��sica foi avaliada pelo question��rio International Physical Activity Questionnaire - IPAQ (vers��o curta). A avaliação da qualidade de vida geral se deu pelo WHOQOL-Bref. A an��lise estat��stica foi realizada utilizando o programa estat��stico MINITAB version16. Al��m de an��lises descritivas das vari��veis categorizadas, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Person com o intuito de verificar poss��veis associa����es entre as vari��veis sociodemogr��ficas, comportamentais, cl��nicas, n��veis de atividade f��sica, sintomatologia climat��rica, qualidade de vida e a função sexual das mulheres estudadas. Desenvolveu-se a regress��o log��stica para verificar a influ��ncia dessas vari��veis sobre a disfunção sexual. Considerou-se o n��vel de signific��ncia de 5% para todos os testes. Os resultados mostraram que a m��dia de idade das mulheres estudadas foi de 49,8 (��8,1) anos. Do total dessas mulheres, 67% apresentaram disfunção sexual. Observou-se que 54,5% delas se encontravam na pr��-menopausa. Avaliando a influ��ncia das vari��veis sobre a função sexual; faixa et��ria (56-65) (p<0,001), estado civil (divorciada/separada) (p < 0,001), escolaridade (baixa) (p=0,017), menopausa (p < 0,001), histerectomia (p = 0,016), n��vel de atividade f��sica (sedent��ria) (p=0,002), sintomas do climat��rio (forte) (p<0,001) e qualidade de vida (baixa) (p<0,001), estiveram associados �� disfunção sexual em mulheres de meia idade. Concluiu-se neste estudo que fatores sociodemogr��ficos, cl��nicos, comportamentais, n��veis de atividade f��sica, sintomatologia climat��rica e qualidade de vida influenciam significativamente a função sexual na mulher de meia idade

Avaliação neuropsicol��gica de crian��as com hemiparesia cong��nita e adquirida

A hemiparesia consiste no d��ficit da for��a muscular, com consequente debilidade na m��o e no p��, afetando um dos lados do corpo. A literatura mostra poucos estudos enfocando detalhadamente as fun����es cognitivas e emocionais de crian��as afetadas por essa condi����o neurol��gica. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar avaliação neuropsicol��gica de 23 crian��as e adolescentes, de ambos os g��neros, com idades entre 5 anos e 4 meses e 16 anos e 6 meses, com hemiparesia cong��nita e adquirida. Aplicou-se uma bateria de testes espec��fica para avaliação de fun����es cognitivas superiores incluindo processos intelectuais, aten����o, função perceptiva, função motora, praxias, gnosias, linguagem, mem��ria e função visuomotora. Em rela����o aos aspectos emocionais, foi usado o teste do desenho da figura humana, visando-se a avaliação da percep����o da imagem corporal dos pacientes. Os resultados mostraram que a hemiparesia da crian��a conduz a d��ficits em fun����es neuropsicol��gicas importantes, al��m de d��ficit motor e altera����es na esfera emocional, mais precisamente aquelas relacionadas com a representa����o da imagem corporal. A abrang��ncia multidisciplinar, envolvendo a neurologia pedi��trica e a psicologia, engrandeceu o trabalho, referendando os resultados obtidos em todos os seus aspectos

Avaliação hemodin��mica e metab��lica da cetamina e cetamina S(+) ap��s a reposi����o vol��mica com hidroxietilamido 130/0,4 e solu����o salina hipert��nica 7,5%

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação de um teste imunoenzim��tico competitivo no diagn��stico sorol��gico da brucelose em b��falos (Bubalus bubalis)

O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o teste imunoenzim��tico competitivo (CEIA) para uso no diagn��stico sorol��gico da brucelose em b��falos (Bubalus bubalis), comparando seus resultados com aqueles obtidos na rea����o de fixa����o de complemento (CFT) e no teste rosa Bengala (RBT). Foram examinados 477 soros por meio do CEIA e do RBT e 465, desses mesmos soros, por meio da CFT. Na CFT e no CEIA, soros com t��tulos maiores ou iguais a 1/4 foram considerados positivos. Para a determina����o da sensibibilidade e da especificidade relativas do CEIA, foram considerados como doentes os animais com resultados positivos no RBT e na CFT e s��os os animais com resultados negativos nesses dois testes. Soros com resultados discordantes nesses duas provas foram eliminados da an��lise. Os resultados apontaram uma concord��ncia de 97,42% entre o CEIA e a CFT e uma concord��ncia de 95,39% entre o CEIA e o RBT. A sensibilidade relativa do CEIA foi de 100% e a especificidade relativa do teste foi de 98,55%. Esses dados mostram que o desempenho do CEIA diferiu pouco do desempenho dos outros dois testes, sugerindo que o mesmo pode constituir um recurso ��til para o diagn��stico sorol��gico da brucelose em b��falos.

Efeito do treinamento resistido na função aut��nomica card��aca, nos par��metros bioqu��micos e antropom��tricos de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS

Introduction: The emergence of High Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) increase the life expectancy of the persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV), therefore the prolonged use cause metabolic implications and influences on body fat distribution and increase the cardiovascular diseases prevalence. Aims: Evaluate the effect of resistance training on heart rate variability, biochemical parameters and somatotype on PLHIV. Methods: Participated this study seven sedentary men, with age above 25 years old, living with HIV/AIDS, under HAART use. Were submitted a 16 week intervention with resistance training. Evaluated the heart rate variability, biochemical parameters and somatotype, before, after 8 weeks and 16 weeks, all in paired form. It was found the data normality by Shapiro-Wilk test and conducted the Anova one way combined with Tukey post hoc to samples in each evaluate moment, adopting significance level p<0,05. Also were calculated percentage change deltas. For somatotype was used the somatotype spatial distance (DES), obeying the significance value DES&#8805;1. Results: Was found significance differences only in variable final heart rate delta 60s (p=0,01), however, is not showed changes on heart rate variability, biochemical parameters and somatotype components. Conclusion: 16 weeks of resistance training showed improvement on heart rate recovery after submaximal effort and, despite is not enough to produce significance differences on biochemical parameters and somatotype components, could be realize improvement on average value of fasting glucose and lipid profile, as well as reducing the endomorphic component

Teste de condutividade el��trica para a avaliação do vigor de sementes de abobrinha

O teste de condutividade el��trica da solu����o de embebi����o �� recomendado para avaliar o vigor de sementes de ervilha e indicado para outras esp��cies, mas ainda h�� necessidade da continuidade de estudos sobre o assunto. A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de comparar procedimentos no teste de condutividade el��trica para avaliar o potencial fisiol��gico de sementes de abobrinha. Utilizaram-se sementes de abobrinha (Cucurbita pepo L.), cultivar Menina Brasileira, representadas por quatro lotes na primeira etapa e por outros cinco, na segunda. Foram conduzidos os teste de germina����o, primeira contagem de germina����o, emerg��ncia de pl��ntulas, ��ndice de velocidade de emerg��ncia e de condutividade el��trica. Para o teste de condutividade foram estudadas varia����es no volume de ��gua (50 e 75mL), na temperatura (20, 25 e 30��C) e no tempo de embebi����o (1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 e 24 horas). O tempo de embebi����o para o teste de condutividade el��trica pode ser reduzido para 8 horas. Independentemente do volume de ��gua, a temperatura de 30��C foi a mais favor��vel para a ordena����o consistente dos lotes quanto ao vigor. Assim, conclue-se que a condi����o mais adequada para o teste de condutividade el��trica em sementes de abobrinha �� a utiliza����o de 50 sementes em 75mL de ��gua por oito horas, a 30��C.

Condutividade el��trica em função do teor de ��gua inicial de sementes de amendoim

O vigor de sementes de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) avaliado pelo teste de condutividade el��trica demonstra estreita rela����o com o desempenho no campo, mas alguns fatores podem afetar o resultado da condutividade el��trica, sendo um destes o teor de ��gua inicial das sementes. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o teor de ��gua ou faixa de umidade da semente mais adequado para a avaliação da condutividade el��trica em sementes de amendoim. Quatro lotes de sementes da cultivar 'IAC Tatu ST' e quatro da cultivar 'IAC Runner 886' foram avaliados quanto ao seu potencial fisiol��gico e posteriormente o teor de ��gua foi ajustado para 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 e 15%, pelo m��todo da atmosfera ��mida. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4��6 (lotes �� teores de ��gua) para as sementes de cada cultivar, em quatro repeti����es e os resultados para o fator teor de ��gua foram submetidos �� an��lise de regress��o. A maior rela����o da condutividade el��trica com vigor das sementes ocorreu naquelas com teor de ��gua entre 9 a 15%, de forma que sementes com 5 a 7% de umidade n��o devem ser submetidas ao teste de condutividade el��trica, porque os lotes expressam alto padr��o de germina����o e vigor. A condutividade el��trica de sementes de amendoim �� influenciada pelo teor de ��gua e a estabiliza����o dos resultados ocorre quando elas est��o com teor de ��gua entre 10 e 14%.

Teste de envelhecimento acelerado para avaliação do potencial fisiol��gico de sementes de grama-bermuda

A utiliza����o de sementes para forma����o de gramados esportivos e ornamentais tem assumido grande import��ncia no Brasil, principalmente pelo baixo custo em rela����o �� forma����o por placas de tapetes naturais. As bermudas [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] s��o as principais gramas utilizadas na forma����o de campos esportivos e, dentre os problemas enfrentados, destaca-se a dificuldade de estabelecimento adequado da cultura, fato que exige a utiliza����o de sementes de alto potencial fisiol��gico, de modo a permitir r��pida emerg��ncia e desenvolvimento das plantas. Assim, estudaram-se procedimentos para a condu����o do teste de envelhecimento acelerado para determinar o potencial fisiol��gico de sementes dessa esp��cie, incluindo a avaliação da efici��ncia do uso de solu����o saturada de NaCl como alternativa para a realiza����o do teste. Para tanto, cinco lotes de sementes foram submetidos aos testes de germina����o, emerg��ncia de pl��ntulas e envelhecimento acelerado (per��odos de 48, 72 e 96 h, a 41 e 45 ��C, com e sem o uso de solu����o saturada de NaCl). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. O envelhecimento acelerado com o uso de solu����o saturada de NaCl, dentre os procedimentos estudados, �� o m��todo mais adequado para avaliação do potencial fisiol��gico de sementes de grama-bermuda, sendo que a combina����o 45 ��C/48 h �� eficiente para a classifica����o dos lotes em diferentes n��veis de vigor.