O espectro médio de longo termo na pesquisa e na clínica fonoaudiológica.

BACKGROUND: One of the great difficulties in evaluating a voice is the judgment of quality through the perceptual auditive analysis--although frequently used--, as it is influenced by socioeconomic and cultural aspects as well as individual preferences. Many are the adjectives and methods used in this assessment, especially because of the subjectivity involved in the process, leading to incompatibilities between listeners and difficulties in reaching a consensus on the use of this or that terminology. In such a context, the voice laboratory and more specifically the acoustic computerized analysis, has guided and complemented speech-language treatments. Among the several possibilities of spectrographic analysis, the (Long-Term Average Spectrum--LTAS) quantifies the quality of voices, pointing differences between gender, age, professional--spoken and sang--and dysphonic voices. The LTAS has been used a lot in researches that investigate voice. As it evidences the contribution of the glottic source and of resonance to the quality of voice, it provides objective parameters for the evaluation of this aspect which usually depends on our auditive perception. AIM: to demonstrate how LTAS can be applied in voice research and in the speech-language therapy practice, describing both the technical aspects required for the production and interpretation of results, and its limitations. CONCLUSION: The area of voice research has developed a lot in these last two decades especially because of the advent of the voice and speech laboratory. For this reason, the knowledge about the applicability of more tools for voice analysis, as the LTAS, as well as the existing need for more studies in this area, will most certainly contribute for the creation of new research areas not only in the field of professional voice but also in the field of therapy.

The construction of a juridical ontology

The need for the representation of both semantics and common sense and its organization in a lexical database or knowledge base has motivated the development of large projects, such as Wordnets, CYC and Mikrokosmos. Besides the generic bases, another approach is the construction of ontologies for specific domains. Among the advantages of such approach there is the possibility of a greater and more detailed coverage of a specific domain and its terminology. Domain ontologies are important resources in several tasks related to the language processing, especially in those related to information retrieval and extraction in textual bases. Information retrieval or even question and answer systems can benefit from the domain knowledge represented in an ontology. Besides embracing the terminology of the field, the ontology makes the relationships among the terms explicit. Copyright 2007 ACM.

Espécies invasoras: Conceitos, modelose atributos

The distribution of species in ecosystems is influenced by several biotic and abiotic factors, and physical barriers operate as filters to dispersion. The ancient processes of human migration and settlement, and the recent globalization trends are the main responsible factors for the transposition of geographic barriers by organisms and species introduction in regions outside their original distribution range. In order to designate introduced species, the adopted terminology may eventually lead to a lack of operational definitions, misleading the interpretation of paradigms concerning the invasion process. According to the literature, the criteria i) biogeographic, ii) population growth, and iii) spreading in the invaded region, should be taken into account as a manner to avoid subjective interpretations. Most of the presented models are inserted in the same paradigms to explain the status of the invasion process (arrival, establishment and invasion), although each model has its own concepts. Many authors consider both characteristics of the invader species and of the invaded environments to explain species success and establishment. The use of clear concepts, well established and non subjective concepts of introduced and invading species as well as its derivatives is crucial to unify the paradigms of the invasion process.

Técnica do grupo focal como método de avaliação do conhecimento de adolescentes sobre saúde bucal

This study aims to the understanding of adolescents regarding oral health, using the Focus Group technique. The study was conducted at three public schools in the city of Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil, with ten students in each. In order to conduct the focus groups, the following words, which featured high error levels, were addressed in survey questions on oral health: oral health; plaque, permanent teeth; fluoride; gum bleeds?; dental floss; transmission of cavities. During the discussions in the focus groups, it was observed that many teenagers were surprised at the situation to which they were submitted and at the topic they were discussing. The word 'oral health' was associated with the condition of cleanliness of the oral cavity, not identifying oral health as part of general health. The term 'transmission of cavities' did not have a sufficient understanding. The term 'permanent tooth' was well understood and was associated with a type of tooth that would not be replaced. The word 'fluoride' had more association with the task of cleaning than protection of the teeth. It is concluded that the use of the focus group technique is of great importance in the interpretation of the knowledge of adolescents on oral health and the appropriateness of the terminology of questionnaires on the same subject.

Fotometria para biologistas

Most life-sustaining energy on Earth comes from the Sun. Part of this energy is converted by plants via photosynthesis into chemical energy. Many scientific studies on photosynthesis by plants rely on an accurate description of the quantity and quality of incident light, which in turn depends on the use of proper terminology for describing the luminous nature of the organism or population in question. Although the scientific literature contains a number of references on this matter, it is still fairly common to find misinterpretations and errors involving the application of terms used for describing light in scientific experiments. I herein present and discuss much of this specialized terminology, such as the terms 'radiation', 'luminous intensity', 'irradiance'. in order to assist readers who seek to understand and make use of this terminology properly.

Rethinking the development agenda

Includes bibliography

Relações conceituais como ponto de inflexão entre linguagens documentais, terminologia e ontologias

A reflection is offered on the complementary relations among documentary languages, terminology, and ontologies, in regard to the study of conceptual relations used to organize knowledge. Building on selected texts from the international literature, the relations between documentary languages and different emerging technology solutions are analyzed, taking SKOS as a model; and also the relations among thesauri, ontologies and terminology, with the support of the theoretical concept of documentary representation. The adoption of the principles of terminology, as understood in Information Science, in building ontologies is supported; and the innovative opportunities offered by ontologies to the improvement and processing of conceptual relations in indexing languages is defended.

Uma experiência de corrosão metálica em meio ácido

In this paper it is proposed a method to characterize the corrosion reactions of many metals and alloys in acid media and to evaluate the corrosion rate. An alloy of aluminum and zinc was partially dissolved in HCl solution and the medium acidity decrease was monitored at different time intervals by using a pHmeter. Data analysis and physical chemistry treatment permitted associate the pH increase with the alloy mass loss. This proposal promotes learning of terminology and concepts involved as well as contribute to better understand the corrosion phenomena.

Terminologia de contratos de locação de imóveis: estudo terminológico bilíngue e elaboração de glossário Português-Francês

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Tradução juramentada de contratos sociais: questões lexicais, terminológicas e fraseológicas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Proposta de modelo de dicionário bilíngue português-francês/francês-português de termos de estatutos sociais: uma colaboração para tradudores juramentados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estruturação do conhecimento e relações semânticas: uma ontologia para o domínio da naonociência e nanotecnologia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A Tradução juramentada espanhol-português de atas de assembléias de associados: questões de equivalência terminológica

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

A tradução juramentada espanhol-português de estatutos sociais: questões de equivalência terminológica

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

Equivalência lexical e aspectos morfológicos de termos em português e espanhol do domínio da dermatologia

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE