Metropolization and tertiarization: structural distortions in Latin American development

Includes bibliography

Structural changes in soybean seed coat due to harvest time and storage

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Low-temperature structural effects in the (TMTSF)2PF6 and AsF6 Bechgaard salts

We present a detailed low-temperature investigation of the statics and dynamics of the anions and methyl groups in the organic conductors (TMTSF) 2PF6 and (TMTSF)2AsF6 (TMTSF: tetramethyl-tetraselenafulvalene). The 4 K neutron-scattering structure refinement of the fully deuterated (TMTSF)2PF6-D12 salt allows locating precisely the methyl groups at 4 K. This structure is compared to the one of the fully hydrogenated (TMTSF)2PF6-H12 salt previously determined at the same temperature. Surprisingly, it is found that deuteration corresponds to the application of a negative pressure of 5×102 MPa to the H12 salt. Accurate measurements of the Bragg intensity show anomalous thermal variations at low temperature both in the deuterated PF 6 and AsF6 salts. Two different thermal behaviors have been distinguished. Small Bragg-angle measurements reflect the presence of low-frequency modes at characteristic energies θE = 8.3 K and θE = 6.7 K for the PF6-D12 and AsF6-D12 salts, respectively. These modes correspond to the low-temperature methyl group motion. Large Bragg-angle measurements evidence an unexpected structural change around 55 K, which probably corresponds to the linkage of the anions to the methyl groups via the formation of F...D-CD2 bonds observed in the 4 K structural refinement. Finally we show that the thermal expansion coefficient of (TMTSF)2PF6 is dominated by the librational motion of the PF6 units. We quantitatively analyze the low-temperature variation of the lattice expansion via the contribution of Einstein oscillators, which allows us to determine for the first time the characteristic frequency of the PF6 librations: θE ≈ 50 K and θE = 76 K for the PF6-D12 and PF6-H12 salts, respectively. © 2013 American Physical Society.

Structural changes in ocean-liner transport and the challenges facing Latin America and the Caribbean

Revisa la estructura actual del transporte por barcos conferenciantes, analiza las fuerzas que lo estan reestructurando, los problemas que puedan resultar y sugiere posibles cursos de accion.

Report of workshop on social structural changes in Dominica

Includes bibliography

Social structural changes in Dominica

Includes bibliography

Social structural changes in St. Lucia

Includes bibliography

Comments on social structural change in the English-speaking Caribbean by G.L. Beckford

Comenta el volumen 1 del Informe Beckford en el contexto de los terminos de referencia de la CEPAL. El estudio provee informacion e interpretacion en lo que concierne a cambio en la estructura social en el Caribe de habla inglesa, desarrollando hipotesis en lo relativo a las relaciones entre el cambio social, economico y politico

Social structural change in the English-speaking Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Política monetaria y el ajuste de la balanza de pagos: tres estudios = Monetary policy and balance-of-payments adjustment: three studies

Incluye Bibliografía

Structural changes in ports and the competitiveness of Latin American and Caribbean foreign trade

Includes bibliography