O AGENDAMENTO DE TELEJORNAIS BRASILEIROS EM SITES NOTICIOSOS DE CONTEÚDO COLABORATIVO

The thesis investigates if with the free news production, people who post information on collaborative content sites, known as interacting, tend to reproduce information that was scheduled for Tv news. This study is a comparison of the collaborative content vehicles Vc reporter, Vc no G1 and Eu reporter with TV news SBT Brasil, Jornal Nacional, Jornal da Record and Jornal da Band. We sought to determine whether those newscasts guide the collaborative platforms. The hypothesis assumes that Brazilian TV news have been building over time a credible relationship with the viewer, so it is possible to think that the interacting use the same criteria for selecting the broadcasts and reproduce similar information in collaborative content sites. The method used was content analysis, based on the study of Laurence Bardin and the type of research used was quantitative. This research concluded that, within a small portion of the universe surveyed, there are schedules of television news across the collaborative content.

Interleukin-2 induces β2-integrin-dependent signal transduction involving the focal adhesion kinase-related protein B (fakB)

β2 integrin molecules are involved in a multitude of cellular events, including adhesion, migration, and cellular activation. Here, we studied the influence of β2 integrins on interleukin-2 (IL-2)-mediated signal transduction in human CD4+ T cell lines obtained from healthy donors and a leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) patient. We show that IL-2 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a 125-kDa protein and homotypic adhesion in β2 integrin (CD18)-positive but not in β2-integrin-negative T cells. EDTA, an inhibitor of integrin adhesion, blocks IL-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the 125-kDa protein but not other proteins in β2-integrin-positive T cells. Likewise, a β2 integrin (CD18) antibody selectively inhibits induction of the 125-kDa phosphotyrosine protein, whereas cytokine-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of other proteins is largely unaffected. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that the IL-2-induced 125-kDa phosphotyrosine protein is the focal adhesion kinase-related protein B (fakB). Thus, IL-2 induces strong tyrosine phosphorylation of fakB in β2-integrin-positive but not in β2-integrin-negative T cells, and CD18 mAb selectively blocks IL-2-induced fakB-tyrosine phosphorylation in β2-integrin-positive T cells. In parallel experiments, IL-2 does not induce or augment tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK. In conclusion, our data indicate that IL-2 induces β2-integrin-dependent signal transduction events involving the tyrosine kinase substrate fakB.

Técnica da distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova e a efetividade no processo civil

O presente estudo examina a técnica da distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova e a possibilidade de sua aplicação no direito brasileiro, incluindo a sua disciplina no Projeto do Novo Código de Processo Civil. Abordaremos as bases principiológicas da dinamização dos ônus probatórios, bem como os entendimentos doutrinários e jurisprudenciais que já sustentam a possibilidade da dinamização do ônus da prova com base no ordenamento jurídico atualmente vigente. Sustentaremos, todavia, que a adoção da técnica da dinamização do ônus da prova no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro seria cabível somente de lege ferenda, com a aprovação do Projeto do Novo CPC pelo Congresso Nacional. Por fim, no intuito de estabelecer os melhores critérios para utilização da técnica da distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova, foram analisados os dispositivos contidos no Projeto do Novo CPC, para vislumbramos que a aplicação da técnica, deverá ser excepcional. Analisamos ainda que o magistrado brasileiro deverá aprimorar a sua função de organizador da fase instrutória do processo. Sustentaremos que a técnica da dinamização do ônus da prova é suplementar aos poderes instrutórios do juiz. Todavia, como existem limites materiais, de cunho prático, ao exercício dos poderes instrutórios do magistrado, a técnica da distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova se mostra útil e eficaz ao sistema processual brasileiro. Assim, o juiz deverá se valer na sentença da técnica da dinamização do ônus da prova em desfavor da parte que deu causa à dificuldade ou impossibilidade de produção da prova, inviabilizando o acesso a determinado meio de prova.

Plasmodium induces swelling-activated ClC-2 anion channels in the host erythrocyte

Intraerythrocytic growth of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum depends on delivery of nutrients. Moreover, infection challenges cell volume constancy of the host erythrocyte requiring enhanced activity of cell volume regulatory mechanisms. Patch clamp recording demonstrated inwardly and outwardly rectifying anion channels in infected but not in control erythrocytes. The molecular identity of those channels remained elusive. We show here for one channel type that voltage dependence, cell volume sensitivity, and activation by oxidation are identical to ClC-2. Moreover, Western blots and FACS analysis showed protein and functional ClC-2 expression in human erythrocytes and erythrocytes from wild type (Clcn2(+/+)) but not from Clcn2(-/-) mice. Finally, patch clamp recording revealed activation of volume-sensitive inwardly rectifying channels in Plasmodium berghei-infected Clcn2(+/+) but not Clcn2(-/-) erythrocytes. Erythrocytes from infected mice of both genotypes differed in cell volume and inhibition of ClC-2 by ZnCl(2) (1 mm) induced an increase of cell volume only in parasitized Clcn2(+/+) erythrocytes. Lack of ClC-2 did not inhibit P. berghei development in vivo nor substantially affect the mortality of infected mice. In conclusion, activation of host ClC-2 channels participates in the altered permeability of Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes but is not required for intraerythrocytic parasite survival.

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