1000 resultados para Problemas brasileiros Estudo e ensino (Pós-graduação)
Resumo:
Embora a escassez de gua seja reconhecida como um dos principais problemas mundiais a ser enfrentado pela humanidade, padres comportamentais ecologicamente insustentveis ainda persistem. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar determinantes do comportamento pr-ambiental relativo gua, bem como os significados que lhe so atribudos por alunos do ensino mdio do Centro Federal de Educao Tecnolgica do Rio Grande do Norte, em Natal. Compuseram a amostra de convenincia 315 estudantes, 146 mulheres e 169 homens, que responderam a um questionrio sobre uso e percepo da gua, contendo tambm indicadores de pr-ambientalismo, cuidado ambiental, desenvolvimento sustentvel, perspectiva temporal, externalidades e coletivismo, alm de inqurito scio-demogrfico. Para os participantes, gua sinnimo de vida, muito embora a relao que mantm com ela parece dbia e, muito mais funcional que ecolgica; consideram-na um recurso finito, um patrimnio indispensvel vida, contudo no foi observada coerncia entre as concepes manifestadas e os comportamentos auto-relatados de uso da gua. Os resultados encontrados apontaram preditores importantes do comportamento pr-ambiental relativo gua: sexo do respondente, Escala Novo Paradigma Ecolgico e deixar forma de contato para participar de campanhas futuras. Seja para aprofundamento terico em novos estudos, seja para auxiliar na elaborao de programas de educao ambiental, que poderiam contribuir para inibir os efeitos de uma cultura de consumo e de uma viso utilitarista da gua, ampliando esforos individuais e coletivos para a preservao de bens comuns, como a gua. Palavras-chave: psicologia ambiental; sustentabilidade; gua; comportamento prambiental. x xi Abstract Although water scarcity is recognized as one of the main world-wide problems to be faced by human kind, ecologically unsustainable patterns of behavior still persist. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze pro-environmental behavior related to water, as well as meanings associated to it by high school students of Federal Center of Technological Education of Rio Grande do Norte, in Natal. The convenience sample was composed by 315 students, 146 women and 169 men, who answered a questionnaire about use and perception of water, containing indicators of proenvironmentalism, environmental care, sustainable development, time perspective, externalities and collectivism, besides socio-demographic items. According to participants, water is synonymous of life, even though the relationship they present with it is ambiguous, much more functional than ecological; they consider it a finite resource, an indispensable life patrimony, however there was no coherence between such conceptions and the self-reported behaviors of water use. Results indicated three important predictors of pro-environmental behavior: sex of respondent, New Ecological Paradigm Scale and telephone/address left for eventual contact to participate in future environmental campaigns. They may be used in additional studies for theoretical development, or to assist in the planning of programs of environmental education, aimed at the inhibition of the effects of a culture of consumption and of an utilitarian perception of water, extending individual and collective efforts towards the preservation of common resources as water
Resumo:
Although water scarcity is recognized as one of the main world-wide problems to be faced by human kind, ecologically unsustainable patterns of behavior still persist. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze pro-environmental behavior related to water, as well as meanings associated to it by high school students of Federal Center of Technological Education of Rio Grande do Norte, in Natal. The convenience sample was composed by 315 students, 146 women and 169 men, who answered a questionnaire about use and perception of water, containing indicators of proenvironmentalism, environmental care, sustainable development, time perspective, externalities and collectivism, besides socio-demographic items. According to participants, water is synonymous of life, even though the relationship they present with it is ambiguous, much more functional than ecological; they consider it a finite resource, an indispensable life patrimony, however there was no coherence between such conceptions and the self-reported behaviors of water use. Results indicated three important predictors of pro-environmental behavior: sex of respondent, New Ecological Paradigm Scale and telephone/address left for eventual contact to participate in future environmental campaigns. They may be used in additional studies for theoretical development, or to assist in the planning of programs of environmental education, aimed at the inhibition of the effects of a culture of consumption and of an utilitarian perception of water, extending individual and collective efforts towards the preservation of common resources as water
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This research aims at identifying the learning problems in newly undergraduate students at university, interpreting the nature and causes of these problems, offering subsidies to overcome these difficulties and enabling a meaningful learning through which students give meaning to their learning. As an object for this work was chosen the theme Chemical Bonds - where were studied the forces between atoms to form molecules, compound ions and ionic crystalline structures - and is characterized as one of the most important subjects of Chemistry. In research, it was used a questionnaire with five open questions, answered by 147 students from the early periods of degrees in Chemistry at Universidade Federal do f Rio Grande do Norte. The answers revealed uncertainty on the part of students, both conceptual and representation, with superficial justifications, always using the octet rule to describe models of chemical bonds. Results suggest that these students had inadequate training in high school and that the examinations for entrance into the ranks were made according to flexible criteria less demanding in terms of knowledge. These observations have led to the conclusion that for future changes, it is necessary for high schools and in the early periods in universities favoring the adoption of pedagogical approaches in context and applying strategies to overcome the teaching of superficial memorization on Chemical Bonds, which probably have applied to the teaching of other subjects of chemistry
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Considerando o papel do ensino superior em sade para a sociedade brasileira, em que os egressos dos cursos ofertados na rea sero os profissionais prestadores de servios populao, este estudo objetivou analisar o componente ensino do PET-Sade da Famlia - Natal-RN na formao de estudantes dos cursos de graduao em sade da UFRN. Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa com anlise de documentos das disciplinas SACI e POTI datados entre 2009 e 2011 (portflios, avaliaes de desempenho e oficina de avaliao), mediante o auxlio do software Alceste e anlise de contedo, segundo Bardin. Na anlise foi encontrado como potencialidades: o alunato trabalhando em grupo tutorial multidisciplinar, cuja interao e contato com a Unidade de Sade da Famlia, includos os profissionais, bem como a comunidade, instiga nos aprendizes o dilogo consigo mesmo e com o outro, numa construo dos ser/agir no mundo. Os textos trabalhados durante as aulas permitem refletir e teorizar a respeito da realidade observada, auxiliando-os na identificao dos problemas e no traar estratgias de interveno. J a observao da realidade reveste o aluno de humanizao. Este passa a captar as necessidades e dificuldades enfrentadas pela comunidade observada. Nas fragilidades ficaram evidenciados: problemas de relaes interpessoais entre os estudantes da SACI; a maioria dos projetos de interveno ocorrendo numa perspectiva paternalista, reproduzindo o modelo de prestao de servios na sade mais praticado nas sociedades brasileiras; dificuldades em aprofundar no aprendiz, a importncia da teorizao dos assuntos; problemas de financiamento de projetos de interveno; descumprimento do plano de ensino em alguns grupos tutoriais; e, por fim, dificuldades dos alunos e monitores em acompanhar as atividade de pesquisa e extenso do PET-Sade, pela falta de integrao dos projetos pedaggicos dos cursos. Conclui-se que o componente ensino do PET-Sade da Famlia adota metodologias ativas de ensino na insero de alunos na Ateno Primria em Sade, proporcionando uma formao dentro de princpios ticos e humansticos a partir do trabalho em equipe e da incluso reflexiva dos alunos na Estratgia Sade da Famlia. Apesar da existncia de fragilidades concernentes s relaes interpessoais, descompasso entre as proposies multiprofissionais e interdisciplinares da SACI e POTI e as dificuldades de p-las em prtica em currculos fragmentados e organizados por disciplinas pouco flexveis, potencialmente, ao fim dessas experincias conectadas a Ateno Primria, os discentes apresentam uma nova viso do cuidado com a sade, prxima s necessidades da populao, iniciando uma tomada de postura crtica e reflexiva, entendendo-se com sujeitos ativos no construir a sade coletivamente
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In development of Synthetic Agents for Education, the doubt still resides about what would be a behavior that could be considered, in fact, plausible for this agent's type, which can be considered as effective on the transmission of the knowledge by the agent and the function of emotions this process. The purpose of this labor has an investigative nature in an attempt to discover what aspects are important for this behavior consistent and practical development of a chatterbot with the function of virtual tutor, within the context of learning algorithms. In this study, we explained the agents' basics, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, bots, chatterbots and how these systems need to provide credibility to report on their behavior. Models of emotions, personality and humor to computational agents are also covered, as well as previous studies by other researchers at the area. After that, the prototype is detailed, the research conducted, a summary of results achieved, the architectural model of the system, vision of computing and macro view of the features implemented.
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This work consists on the study of two important problems arising from the operations of petroleum and natural gas industries. The first problem the pipe dimensioning problem on constrained gas distribution networks consists in finding the least cost combination of diameters from a discrete set of commercially available ones for the pipes of a given gas network, such that it respects minimum pressure requirements at each demand node and upstream pipe conditions. On its turn, the second problem the piston pump unit routing problem comes from the need of defining the piston pump unit routes for visiting a number of non-emergent wells in on-shore fields, i.e., wells which don t have enough pressure to make the oil emerge to surface. The periodic version of this problem takes into account the wells re-filling equation to provide a more accurate planning in the long term. Besides the mathematical formulation of both problems, an exact algorithm and a taboo search were developed for the solution of the first problem and a theoretical limit and a ProtoGene transgenetic algorithm were developed for the solution of the second problem. The main concepts of the metaheuristics are presented along with the details of their application to the cited problems. The obtained results for both applications are promising when compared to theoretical limits and alternate solutions, either relative to the quality of the solutions or to associated running time
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There is a growing interest of the Computer Science education community for including testing concepts on introductory programming courses. Aiming at contributing to this issue, we introduce POPT, a Problem-Oriented Programming and Testing approach for Introductory Programming Courses. POPT main goal is to improve the traditional method of teaching introductory programming that concentrates mainly on implementation and neglects testing. POPT extends POP (Problem Oriented Programing) methodology proposed on the PhD Thesis of Andrea Mendona (UFCG). In both methodologies POPT and POP, students skills in dealing with ill-defined problems must be developed since the first programming courses. In POPT however, students are stimulated to clarify ill-defined problem specifications, guided by de definition of test cases (in a table-like manner). This paper presents POPT, and TestBoot a tool developed to support the methodology. In order to evaluate the approach a case study and a controlled experiment (which adopted the Latin Square design) were performed. In an Introductory Programming course of Computer Science and Software Engineering Graduation Programs at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The study results have shown that, when compared to a Blind Testing approach, POPT stimulates the implementation of programs of better external quality the first program version submitted by POPT students passed in twice the number of test cases (professor-defined ones) when compared to non-POPT students. Moreover, POPT students submitted fewer program versions and spent more time to submit the first version to the automatic evaluation system, which lead us to think that POPT students are stimulated to think better about the solution they are implementing. The controlled experiment confirmed the influence of the proposed methodology on the quality of the code developed by POPT students
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The use of technology tools for teaching and learning has grown increasingly in our daily life. In this context, a branch that has had tremendous growth is the area of teaching and learning language through computational tools. The study of CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning), accomplished in this research, aims to evaluate existing tools in this context, focused specifically on the Japanese language; and from this study, accomplish the development of a new computational tool that can assist teaching/learning of the Japanese language. As results, we present a wide survey on the subject in various technologies/devices, as well as the complete development process of a new tool, the Karuchā Ships Invaders game, that proposes to teach basic concepts of the language, blended with entertainment, and still, focusing on the Brazilian students of Japanese language audience. We will present all the concept phases of the game and its evolution through the research, as well as an interface evaluation. Still, we present proposal and validation of a method to evaluate motivational aspects of computational tools with educational focus, and results extracted from an experiment accomplished with prospective users
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This study has as main objective to verify the proportionality of the costs with elaboration of didactic material and costs with tutelage and instruction incurred in a higher education institution, located in national territory, and that offers a degree course in the education area in the modality of EaD online. The purpose of the measurement of this proportionality of the costs was of answering these they are, among other, the relevant costs incurred by the institution research object. This is a research of exploratory stamp whose methodological procedure adopted for your development, in what it refers the collection, analysis of the data and the investigation means, it is the case study, as well as the documental and bibliographical research. The found results indicate that the costs with elaboration of didactic material and the costs with tutelage and instruction are relevant, however they are not the only ones considered as such. The costs involved with acquisition and operation of specific softwares they also constitute an relevant costs. The structure of the costs can be altered in agreement with the analyzed period and in agreement with the characteristics of synchronism of the offered course. It was also verified that the technology used in this education modality it ends up generating additional costs incurred with professionals of specific knowledge in technology
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This study has as objective to examine the level of perception of high school students from two private schools in Natal-RN about the existence of a direct link between alimentary habit and its effects on environmental. The research was lead with 433 students, who had their school alimentary habits investigated according to the 24-hour recall method and presents the results of data collection from their opinions on participating in the generation of industrialized solid residues and their yearnings about the improvements of the standard of the food offered in the school. The students show a high rate of grading age for level at school, traditional family structure, riding, predominantly, by car or by bus in the house-school-house way, have generally all three important meals at home, feed frequently at their school, getting it from their won school, which included, mainly, soft drinks and fried or grilled appetizers; show a good knowledge about selective collectors, however with a high variation in their correct use. They show significant approval in the existence of a connection between their alimentary habits and debased effects about environmental and consider their food compounds at school could improve the offering of health/natural food, slowing industrialized foods, which are highly used, sometimes. The study on the students knowledge and concern level with regard to the interface alimentary habit-environmental impact allowed delimitating some of the mainly involved components in the alimentary choices of the same students in the school environment, what might help to develop a set of proposals that stimulates the formation of a responsible consumption standard among teenagers and the need of a consideration about the consequences of their choices
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Across the centuries, Mathematics - exact science as it is - has become a determining role in the life of man, which forms to use suprir needs of their daily lives. With this trajectory, is characterized the importance of science as an instrument of recovery not only conteudstica, but also a mathematician to know that leads the apprentice to be a dynamic process of learning ecient, able to find solutions to their real problems. However, it is necessary to understand that mathematical knowledge today requires a new view of those who deal directly with the teaching-learning process, as it is for them - Teachers of Mathematics - desmistificarem the version that mathematics, worked in the classroom, causes difficulties for the understanding of students. On this view, we tried to find this work a methodology that helps students better understand the Quadratic functions and its applications in daily life. Making use of knowledge Ethnomathematics, contextualizing the problems relating to the content and at the same time handling the software GeoGebra, aiming a better view of the behavior of graphs of functions cited
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The aim of this work is to provide a text to support interested in the main systems of amortization of the current market: Constant Amortization System (SAC) and French System, also known as Table Price. We will use spreadsheets to facilitate calculations involving handling exponential and decimal. Based on [12], we show that the parcels of the SAC become smaller than the French system after a certain period. Further then that, we did a comparison to show that the total amount paid by SAC is less than the French System
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To insert environmental education in the school is a very hard task, although the question has been largely discussed since some years ago. The main object of this research is limited to the way the contents of Environmental Education are inserted in school programs, as well as to assert that, as a law, it must be put in practice not only because it is obligatory, but because it is important to school programs, especially to Acaras primary and secondary schools, having in view the importance of the natural resources in which schools are inserted and the development of ways to solve problems related to the quality of life of the dwellers of these places. It is important the study of the law 9795/99 on Environmental Education, passed on July 25th, 2005, by means of the decree no. 4.281, established in the Municipal Organic Law and other documents ruling the Environmental Education. Our purpose is to give orientation on Environmental Education to the above-mentioned schools aiming at the permanent formation about that subject, in order to constitute, in the future, a real net between school and community and to spread out concepts about sustainability. This way, poverty conditions should be faced as environmental problems, bringing about the relationship between natural resources and poverty. The making of shrimp beds, predatory fishing, swamp degradation and irregular occupation constitute elements to this research. The theoretic terms are based upon principles of Environmental Education, area sustainability and inter-disciplinarily and trans-disciplinarily in Environmental Sciences, which have been applied under the form of capacities and the presentation of documents, projects, maps, discussions and reflections about the mass social movements as a positive consequence of the implementation of this project
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os gneros de discursos utilizados por alunos da terceira srie do Ensino Mdio a respeito de um dos contedos vinculados ao ensino de qumica ambiental: o estudo do gs oznio e os problemas relacionados degradao de sua camada na atmosfera terrestre. Os resultados apontam para um nvel de envolvimento discursivo em que se percebe a apropriao da linguagem cientfica como ferramenta de argumentao acerca das questes ambientais.
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Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nvel Superior (CAPES)
