¿Es eficaz especializar la actividad de tutoria? Análisis de una experiencia online

En un entorno online la actividad de tutoría de los estudiantes juega un papel fundamental. Su eje central es el acompañamiento del estudiante a lo largo del programa académico que curse, desde el momento en que muestra su interés en matricularse hasta que se titula. La literatura disponible sobre cómo organizar la actividad tutorial en entornos virtuales es escasa. En esta comunicación, basada en la experiencia de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), se analizan dos niveles de especialización de la acción tutorial online. En un primer nivel organizativo, se presenta y evalúa una especialización de la coordinación de la tutoría en función del tipo de conocimiento necesario para ejercerla, académico o administrativo. Esto genera una estructura organizativa de tipo matricial que aporta flexibilidad y conocimiento especializado a la actividad tutorial, y que es valorada muy positivamente por las partes implicadas. En un segundo nivel, se analiza la separación de dos tipos de tutoría especializadas, una de inicio y otra de seguimiento, en función de la antigüedad del estudiante tutorizado. Los resultados de los análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos realizados no permiten concluir que esta segunda forma de especialización contribuya claramente a la mejora de los objetivos de la función tutorial.

Evaluating teaching and management innovations in an online university: the case of the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya

The Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) is an online university that has innovation as a transversal feature in all its activities and processes. Therefore, innovation is present in the annual objectives of all the academic and management departments in order to increase student satisfaction. UOC stimulates innovation by funding strategic projects as well as organizing regular internal calls for small projects which brings about innovative academic and management proposals. In this paper we present the method for evaluating teaching and management innovations through internal calls (APLICA), by selecting which initiatives are suitable to become strategic innovative projects (INNOVA) or which features should compose any application available at the OpenApps platform. Besides, general indicators used by the Innovation Program to evaluate the activities carried out are also reported.

The tension between academic knowledge production and online peer production

Peer-reviewed

Associations between online pornography and sexual behavior among adolescents: myth or reality?

This study aimed to compare the sexual behavior of adolescents who were or were not exposed to online pornography, to assess to what extent the willingness of exposure changed these possible associations, and to determine the profiles of youths who were exposed to online pornography. Data were drawn from the 2002 Swiss Multicenter Adolescent Survey on Health, a self-administered cross-sectional, paper and pencil questionnaire. From the 7529 adolescents aged 16-20 years, 6054 (3283 males) used the Internet during the previous month and were eligible for our study. Males were divided into three groups (wanted exposure, 29.2%; unwanted exposure, 46.7%; no exposure, 24.1%) whereas females were divided into two groups (exposure, 35.9%; no exposure, 64.1%). The principal outcome measures were demographic characteristics, Internet use parameters and risky sexual behaviors. Risky sexual behaviors were not associated with online pornography exposure in any of the groups, except that males who were exposed (deliberately or not) had higher odds of not having used a condom at last intercourse. Bi/homosexual orientation and Internet use parameters were not associated either. Additionally, males in the wanted exposure group were more likely to be sensation-seekers. On the other hand, exposed girls were more likely to be students, higher sensation-seekers, early maturers, and to have a highly educated father. We conclude that pornography exposure is not associated with risky sexual behaviors and that the willingness of exposure does not seem to have an impact on risky sexual behaviors among adolescents.

Tradução online

Um desafio estratégico no mundo globalizado atual é superar a barreira da língua através da tecnologia. Na Europa, um projeto está avaliando e desenvolvendo uma plataforma que poderá traduzir a enorme quantidade de dados (orais e escritos) produzidos pelas pessoas, num processo chamado "tradução online". Conheça a seguir os detalhes do estudo.

Designing online interaction to address disciplinary competencies: A cross-country comparison of faculty perspectives

This study was conducted at colleges in three countries (United States, Venezuela, and Spain) and across three academic disciplines (engineering, education, and business), to examine how experienced faculty define competencies for their discipline, and design instructional interaction for online courses. A qualitative research design employing in-depth interviews was selected. Results show that disciplinary knowledge takes precedence when faculty members select competencies to be developed in online courses for their respective professions. In all three disciplines, the design of interaction to correspond with disciplinary competencies was often influenced by contextual factors that modify faculty intention. Therefore, instructional design will vary across countries in the same discipline to address the local context, such as the needs and expectations of the learners, faculty perspectives, beliefs and values, and the needs of the institution, the community, and country. The three disciplines from the three countries agreed on the importance of the following competencies: knowledge of the field, higher order cognitive processes such as critical thinking, analysis, problem solving, transfer of knowledge, oral and written communication skills, team work, decision making, leadership and management skills, indicating far more similarities in competencies than differences between the three different applied disciplines. We found a lack of correspondence between faculty¿s intent to develop collaborative learning skills and the actual development of them. Contextual factors such as faculty prior experience in design, student reluctance to engage in collaborative learning, and institutional assessment systems that focus on individual performance were some of these reasons.

Cooperation of breast cancer proteins PALB2 and piccolo BRCA2 in stimulating homologous recombination.

Inherited mutations in human PALB2 are associated with a predisposition to breast and pancreatic cancers. PALB2's tumor-suppressing effect is thought to be based on its ability to facilitate BRCA2's function in homologous recombination. However, the biochemical properties of PALB2 are unknown. Here we show that human PALB2 binds DNA, preferentially D-loop structures, and directly interacts with the RAD51 recombinase to stimulate strand invasion, a vital step of homologous recombination. This stimulation occurs through reinforcing biochemical mechanisms, as PALB2 alleviates inhibition by RPA and stabilizes the RAD51 filament. Moreover, PALB2 can function synergistically with a BRCA2 chimera (termed piccolo, or piBRCA2) to further promote strand invasion. Finally, we show that PALB2-deficient cells are sensitive to PARP inhibitors. Our studies provide the first biochemical insights into PALB2's function with piBRCA2 as a mediator of homologous recombination in DNA double-strand break repair.

Business Plan: proyecto de venta online de productos españoles para residentes en el extranjero

Es presenta un model de negoci de venda per Internet d’ aliments típics espanyols orientat principalment a les persones que han emigrat del nostre país. El motiu que dona lloc a aquest projecte no es altre que el constant increment de espanyols que decideixen buscar oportunitats fora del país, cosa que suposa una oportunitat de negoci. Per comprovar la sostenibilitat del projecte, es realitzarà un anàlisi de totes aquelles variables externes que pugin intervenir i afectar al desenvolupament de la activitat així com un estudi de mercat, un pla estratègic i un estudi financer que serveixi per assentar les bases d’un negoci que sens dubte està ple d’oportunitats.

Potential for enterprise cooperation between Southeast Finland and Northwest Russia

Tutkimus käsittelee Kaakkois-Suomen ja Luoteis-Venäjän yritysten nykyistä yhteistyötä ja arvioi sen tulevaisuuden mahdollisuuksia. Raportissa käydään läpi useita toimialoja, jotka ovat tärkeitä paikalliselle elinkeinoelämälle tai joissa Venäjän merkitys on korostunut. Tutkimukset kattamat alat ovat metsäteollisuus, elintarviketeollisuus, metalliteollisuus, tieto- ja viestintäteollisuus, logistiikka, matkailusekä energia ja ympäristö. Kaakkois-Suomen ja Luoteis-Venäjän väliset kauppa- ja taloussuhteet ovat perinteisesti olleet vilkkaat maantieteellisestä läheisyydestä johtuen. Pääpaino kanssakäymisessä on ollut kaupalla, mutta Neuvostoliiton hajottua yritysten välille on kehittynyt myös muita yhteistoiminnan muotoja kutenyhteistuotantoa ja alihankintaa. Kaakkois-Suomen yritysten näkökulmasta Venäjänedullinen kustannustaso houkuttelee siirtämään tuotannollisia toimintoja rajan taakse. Tuotannollisen yhteistoiminnan aloittamista ja menestyksellistä toteuttamista hankaloittaa kuitenkin yritysympäristön kehittymättömyys Venäjällä ja usein myös osapuolten näkemyserot toiminnan tavoitteista ja liiketoimintakäytännöistä. Raportin ensimmäisessä osassa arvioidaan yhteistyöpotentiaalia valituilla toimialoilla analysoimalla alojen nykytilaa Kaakkois-Suomessa ja Luoteis- Venäjällä. Nykytilakartoituksen avulla selvitetään yhteistyön motiiveja suomalaisten yritysten kannalta ja sen tuottamaa mahdollista kilpailuetua. Toisessa osassa kuvataan Luoteis-Venäjän muodollista liiketoimintaympäristöä, mukaan lukien lainsäädäntö, hallinto ja liiketoiminnan tukiorganisaatiot. Kolmannessa osassa esitetään suomalais-venäläistä yritysyhteistyötä koskevia kokemuksia ja odotuksia, verrataan eri osapuolten näkemyksiä keskenään ja kuvataan yhteistyön yleisimpiä rajoitteita ja ongelmia. Tutkimustulosten valossa vaikuttaa siltä, että Luoteis-Venäjällä tuotannosta saatu kustannushyöty on pienenemässä palkkojen ja energiakustannusten noustessa. Luoteis-Venäjän merkitys markkina-alueena on vastaavasti kasvussa. Tavaroiden viennin lisäksi talouskasvu ja paikalliset investoinnit esimerkiksilogistiikka- ja energiainfrastruktuuriin tarjoavat mahdollisuuksia suomalaisille palveluiden ja teknologian viejille. Toisaalta monikansallisten yritysten etabloituminen Luoteis-Venäjälle (esim. Ford ja IKEA) luovat kysyntää paikallisille alihankkijoille. Suomalaisyritykset voisivat ottaa siitä osansa investoimalla paikalliseen tuotantoon. Palvelualoilla, kuten logistiikkasektorilla ja matkailussa Luoteis-Venäjän merkitys Kaakkois-Suomen kilpailijana on kasvussa paikallisen infrastruktuurin kehittyessä. Näillä aloilla tulisikin keskittyä ei ainoastaan Suomen kilpailukyvyn ylläpitoon vaan myös liiketoimintayhteistyön kehittämiseen venäläisten toimijoiden kanssa.

Magazine publishers and their online strategies

It seems as if magazine publishers have only haphazardly listed multiple goals for their websites, and have not carefully reflectedon how to achieve them. We present a framework for defining a magazine's onlinestrategy based on previous studies and on secondary data from the industry. We identify three steps in the strategy process. The first is to determine whether the magazine would actually benefit from online presence: although most magazines will never make money from their websites, a web presence may still be justified. The second step is to choose an optimal online strategy that matches the magazine's competitive strategy. Finally, we argue that magazine publishers should carefully consider to what extent they should allow their readers to be involvedin the web pages. This interactivity could be seen as a key factor in exploiting the unique nature of the Internet. It is our understanding that virtual communities could, at best, be a way of creating more value for a magazine's readers, advertisers and editors, alike. We formulate a typology of five different onlinebusiness concepts for magazines based on these three strategic steps.

Let's share perspectives! Mentalistic skills involved in cooperation = ¿A tu Izquierda o a la Mía? Habilidades Mentalistas Implicadas en la Cooperación

Previous research has found a link between theory of mind and cooperation. The aim of this study is to deepen into this relationship, to identify which theory of mind skills are more related to the cooperative capacity on a referential communication task. A total of 50 children from first and fifth grade completed a battery of theory of mind tasks, and also a cooperative task where children worked in pairs to build block models. Each pair was composed by a builder and a guide, who gave instructions to his partner about how to build a replica of the model. The results show a significant relationship between the theory of mind skills and cooperation. Specifically, we found that the second-order false-belief task was the variable most related to cooperation after controlling the effect of age. In addition, we observed that the mentalist skills were more important for cooperation in the builders than in the guides. Finally, we discuss the findings of this study and make suggestions for the future