Viaje al rededor del mundo, hecho en 1764, 65 y 66, à bordo del navio el Delfín.

Mode of access: Internet.

Relacion de la epidemia de calenturas putridas padecida en el navio de S.M. nombrado El Miño en su viaje a Constantinopla el año de 1786 : su curacion por el metodo del Doctor Don Joseph Masdevall : reflexiones sobre la naturaleza de aquellas enfermedades y aplicacion de los mismos remedios a otras analogas, muy frequentes, con particularidad en las navegaciones /

MTSD 0199 ; Palau 294181.

Hernán el lobo (canto primero).

Hernán el lobo, fragmento -- Luz y tinieblas -- La novicia -- A Lesbia -- A mi madre -- El Cristo de mi hogar.

En la boca del lobo : juguete cómico en un acto y en prosa /

Mode of access: Internet.

Morfometria dos forames mandibular, mentual e infraorbital de Lobo-guará Chrysocyon brachyurus, Illiger, 1815 aplicada a bloqueios anestésicos

CHAPTER II - The Chrysocyon brachyurus is the biggest South American canid which has a high frequency of dental injuries, both in wild and captivity. Thus, veterinary procedures are necessary to preserve the feeding capacity of hundreds of captive specimens worldwide. The aim of this study was to study the mandibular morphometry of maned wolf with emphasis on the establishment of anatomic references to the anesthetic blockage of the inferior alveolar and mental nerves. Therefore, 15 measurements in 22 hemimandibles of C. brachyurus adults were taken. For extra-oral technique of blockage of the inferior alveolar nerve at the level of the mandibular foramen, it is stated that the needle should be advanced, close to the medial surface of the mandibular ramus, by 11.4 mm perpendiculary from the palpable concavity. Alternatively, the needle can be introduced for 30.4 mm from the angular process at 20-25 degrees angle with the ventral margin. For blocking only the mentual nerve, it is recommended the introduction of needle for 10 mm, close to the lateral aspect of the mandibular body, at the level of the lower first premolar. The mandibular foramen showed similars position, size and symmetry in the maned wolfs specimens examined. The comparison of the data with those available for other carnivores reflects the necessity for determining these anatomical references specifically for each species.

La música como reivindicación de género en "Margarita y el lobo", de Cecilia Bartolomé

El carácter innovador y feminista del mediometraje Margarita y el lobo (1969) supuso la censura total de la película y el ostracismo hacia su directora, la entonces estudiante de la EOC, Cecilia Bartolomé. En este artículo repasamos sus anteriores cortometrajes para desgranar los primeros matices de protesta así como la utilización de la expresión musical como vehículo del discurso feminista en Margarita y el lobo. A través de los planteamientos de la musicóloga Susan McClary que abordan sexualidad, género y feminismo concluimos con una visión del análisis de género en las obras musicales, al vincular sus es­tudios al film de Bartolomé. Del mismo modo, analizamos la función que cumple la música en el medio­metraje. Para ello, examinamos el repertorio de canciones presente en Margarita y el lobo para terminar reconociendo la función discursiva y referencial como piezas claves en la película de la directora.

Síndrome do Lobo Frontal: uma entidade única?

Os autores procedem a uma revisão sobre a Síndrome do Lobo Frontal à luz dos conhecimentos actuais das neurociências e da neuropsicologia, em particular no que refere ao conceito de Teoria da Mente e aos avanços na definição e estudo das Funções Executivas. Reafirmam a perspectiva actual de que a designação de Síndrome do Lobo Frontal não reflecte a complexidade dos sistemas envolvidos na sua etiologia e reduz a uma única entidade quadros clínicos heterogéneos e com níveis distintos de incapacidade funcional e de interacção social.

El lobo civilizado de Boris Vian y su adaptación cinematográfica moralizante

In the dialogue cinema-literature the issue of cinematographic adaptations has been abundantly discussed. This controversy has attended specially to the recoding of the text into cinematographic language, neglecting, nevertheless, the own imprint that the intervention can impose to the work. Therefore, the case of the short film À feu by Mavounia-Kouka based on «Le loup-garou», story by Vian, becomes significant. This one works, in order to question them, with commonplaces also present in the cinematographic work, although re-signified here with the introduction of a Virgin that represents morality. Thus, the subversion of commonplaces becomes in the film a moral questioning.

Relectura de la historia en los relatos de entre dios y el diablo, de Tatiana Lobo /

El propósito del trabajo es analizar los recursos de escritura con los que la autora recrea los distintos hechos registrados por el amanuense colonial. El conjunto de los relatos de Entre Dios y el Diablo constituye una lectura-reescritura de algunos momentos de la historia colonial costarricense, desde una perspectiva feminista que busca destacar el papel de las mujeres en una sociedad colonial del siglo XVIII. El análisis se centra, primero en una confrontación del texto contemporáneo con el texto colonial para establecer las transformaciones de que este es objeto, y segundo, en el análisis de los recursos literarios que desarrolla la escritora para recrear la historia.

Utilização de embriões liofilizados e flocos de Artemia na diversificação nutricional de pós-larvas do camarão marinho Litopenaes vannamei (Boone, 1931)

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the zootechnical performance (survival and growth) of Litopenaeus vannamei post-Iarvae fed an artificial shrimp diet supplemented with Artemia flakes or freeze-dried Artemia embryos. For that purpose, 20 culturing units were individually stocked with 50 shrimp post-Iarvae (average dry weight of 0,3 ± 0,03 mg) at a stocking density of 20 post-larvae per liter, and fed the experimental diets to satiation during 20 days. The experimental design consisted of four diets (T1, T2, T3 and T4) with five repetitions each. For treatments T1, T2 and T3, dietary supplements of 5mg of Artemia flakes (T1), freeze-dried Artemia embryos (T2), and of the commercial shrimp diet (T3) were offered 2 hours after the shrimp were initially fed the commercial shrimp diet. For treatment T4 (control), no additive was offered 2 hours after the initial feeding. Shrimp survival, absolut (GPA) and relative increase in weight (GPR), and specific growth rate (TCR) were used as evaluation criteria. After the experimental period, no significant statistical differences (p>0,05) in survival were observed. Regarding growth, the dietary treatment which used freeze-dried Artemia embryos as an additive (T2) presented the best results for GPA (6,7 ± 0,7 mg). There were no statistical differences within treatments T1, T3 and T4 (p>0,05). AIso, post-larvae fed freeze-dried embryos (T2) showed a relative increase in weight (2241,4%) which differed significantly (p<0,05) from T4(1911,7%) but not from T1 (1801,6%) or T3 (1946,7%). In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that an artificial shrimp diet supplemented with freeze-dried Artemia embryos fulfils the nutritional requirements of post-larvae L. vannamei and promotes a better growth than diets not supplemented with Artemia flakes

Lobo con piel de oveja

Fondo Margaritainés Restrepo

Potencial terapêutico de um heparinóide isolado do invertebrado marinho Litopenaeus vannamei

The occurrence of bioactive compounds in marine organisms comes awaking the interest of the pharmaceutical industry. Heparin, a sulfated polysaccharide which presence was already identified in several marine invertebrates, is very attractive due its remarkable functional versatility. Besides to intervene in blood coagulation, this molecule has a great anti-inflammatory potential. However, its strong anticoagulant activity difficult the clinical exploitation of its anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, the aims of this work were to evaluate the effect of a heparin-like compound (heparinoid), isolated from the cephalotorax of the Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp, on the inflammatory response, hemostasia and synthesis of antithrombotic heparan sulfate by endothelial cells, besides studying some aspects concerning its structure. The purified heparinoid was structurally characterized following an analytical boarding, involving electrophoresis and chromatography. The structural analysis have shown that this compound possess a high content of glucuronic acid residues and disulfated disaccharide units. In contrast to mammalian heparin, the heparinoid was incapable to stimulate the synthesis of heparan sulfate by endothelial cells in the tested concentrations, beyond to show reduced anticoagulant activity and hemorrhagic effect. In a model of acute inflammation, the compound isolated from the shrimp reduced more than 50% of the cellular infiltration. Besides reduce the activity of MMP-9 and proMMP-2 of the peritoneal lavage of inflamed animals, the heparinoid also reduced the activity of MMP-9 secreted by activated human leukocytes. These results demonstrate the potential of heparinoid from L. vannamei to intervene in the inflammatory response. For possessing reduced anticoagulant activity and hemorrhagic effect, this compound can serve as a structural model to direct the development of more specific therapeutical agents to the treatment of inflammatory diseases

Efeitos do cobre no metabolismo energético do bivalve marinho Mesodesma mactroides

Apesar de ser um micronutriente essencial aos organismos, o cobre (Cu) é tóxico quando presente em elevadas concentrações na água. O mecanismo pelo qual este metal exerce sua toxicidade em invertebrados marinhos ainda não está bem estabelecido. Dentre os diversos efeitos relatados, observa-se uma redução do consumo de oxigênio corporal e tecidual no marisco Mesodesma mactroides exposto (96 h) ao Cu (150 µg L-1 ) em água do mar (salinidade 30). Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos desta exposição ao Cu no metabolismo energético em teciduais do marisco M. mactroides. Os conteúdos de ATP e coenzimas (NAD+ e NADH) nas brânquias, glândula digestiva e músculo pedal não foram alterados pela exposição ao Cu, indicando que estes tecidos mantiveram suas capacidades de produção aeróbica de energia. Porém, foi observada uma redução no conteúdo hemolinfático de ATP. Quanto ao conteúdo de proteínas, houve um aumento na glândula digestiva, que pode estar associado à maior oxidação de proteínas já relatada para esse tecido após exposição ao Cu. Os conteúdos de lipídios, glicogênio e glicose permaneceram inalterados em todos os tecidos analisados, exceto no músculo pedal, onde foi observada uma redução no conteúdo de glicose. Por isso, os conteúdos de piruvato e lactato também foram analisados no músculo pedal e na hemolinfa. Em ambos tecidos, foi observado um aumento do conteúdo de lactato, sem alteração no conteúdo de piruvato. Portanto, os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que os tecidos de M. mactroides utilizam a anaerobiose para obtenção de energia durante a exposição ao Cu, conforme demonstrado no músculo pedal e hemolinfa. Apesar disso, a hemolinfa não é capaz de manter o nível de ATP nas condições experimentais testadas. 

Isolamento de uma quitinase extraída do cefalotórax do camarão marinho Litopenaeus schmitti (BURKENROAD, 1936) : avaliação de suas atividades antimicrobiana e larvicida

Chitinases are enzymes involved in degradation of chitin and are present in a range of organisms, including those that do not contain chitin, such as bacteria, viruses, plants and animals, and play important physiological and ecological roles. Chitin is hydrolyzed by a chitinolytic system classified as: endo-chitinases, exo-chitinases and N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidases. In this study a Litochitinase1 extracted from the cephalotorax of the shrimp Litopenaeus Schmitt was purified 987.32 times using ionexchange chromatography DEAE-Biogel and molecular exclusion Sephacryl S-200. These enzyme presented a molecular mass of about 28.5 kDa. The results, after kinetic assay with the Litochitinase1 using as substrate p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-b-Dglucosaminideo, showed apparent Km of 0.51 mM, optimal activity at pH ranging from 5.0 to 6.0, optimum temperature at 55°C and stability when pre-incubated at temperatures of 25, 37, 45, 50 and 55°C. The enzyme showed a range of stability at pH 4.0 to 5.5. HgCl2 inhibited Litochitinase1 while MgCl2 enhances its activity. Antimicrobial tests showed that Litochitinase1 present activity against gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli in the 800 μg/mL concentration. The larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti was investigated using crude extracts, F-III (50-80%) and Litochitinase1 at 24 and 48 hours. The results showed larvicidal activity in all these samples with EC50 values of 6.59 mg/mL for crude extract, 5.36 mg/mL for F-III and 0.71 mg/mL for Litochitinase1 at 24 hours and 3.22 and 0.49 mg/mL for the F-III and Litochitinase1 at 48 hours, respectively. Other experiments confirmed the presence of chitin in the midgut of Aedes aegypti larvae, which may be suffering the action of Litochitinase1 killing the larvae, but also the absence of contaminating proteins as serine proteinase inhibitors and lectins in the crude extract, F-III and Litochitinase1, indicating that the death of the larvae is by action of the Litochitinase1. We also observed that the enzymes extracted from intestinal homogenate of the larvae no have activity on Litochitinase1. These results indicate that the enzyme can be used as an alternative to control of infections caused by Escherichia coli and reducing the infestation of the mosquito vector of dengue.