Construção de Sistemas Integrados de Gestão para Micro e Pequenas Empresas

As Micro e Pequenas Empresas (MPE) possuem na sua essência recursos limitados. Raramente possuem um Sistema Integrado de Gestão (SIG) que lhes permita gerir o seu negócio de forma transversal e que mapeie todos os processos da empresa. Devido ao número reduzido de colaboradores, não dispõem internamente alguns serviços. O seu espaço de mercado é em geral limitado. As suas competências específicas raramente permitem apresentar uma oferta global. Por serem pequenas, não têm força negocial perante os seus fornecedores e eventuais parceiros estratégicos. A Arquitetura de Sistemas de Informação (ASI) permite representar e mapear os diversos aspetos da gestão das empresas e alinhar as Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) com as necessidades destas empresas. Este trabalho pretende apresentar e descrever uma Macro Arquitetura para a construção de SIG, orientados para as MPE, e que inclua um conjunto de serviços integrados numa única plataforma.

Land cover mapping analysis and urban growth modeling using remote sensing techniques

The rapid growth of big cities has been noticed since 1950s when the majority of world population turned to live in urban areas rather than villages, seeking better job opportunities and higher quality of services and lifestyle circumstances. This demographic transition from rural to urban is expected to have a continuous increase. Governments, especially in less developed countries, are going to face more challenges in different sectors, raising the essence of understanding the spatial pattern of the growth for an effective urban planning. The study aimed to detect, analyse and model the urban growth in Greater Cairo Region (GCR) as one of the fast growing mega cities in the world using remote sensing data. Knowing the current and estimated urbanization situation in GCR will help decision makers in Egypt to adjust their plans and develop new ones. These plans should focus on resources reallocation to overcome the problems arising in the future and to achieve a sustainable development of urban areas, especially after the high percentage of illegal settlements which took place in the last decades. The study focused on a period of 30 years; from 1984 to 2014, and the major transitions to urban were modelled to predict the future scenarios in 2025. Three satellite images of different time stamps (1984, 2003 and 2014) were classified using Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier, then the land cover changes were detected by applying a high level mapping technique. Later the results were analyzed for higher accurate estimations of the urban growth in the future in 2025 using Land Change Modeler (LCM) embedded in IDRISI software. Moreover, the spatial and temporal urban growth patterns were analyzed using statistical metrics developed in FRAGSTATS software. The study resulted in an overall classification accuracy of 96%, 97.3% and 96.3% for 1984, 2003 and 2014’s map, respectively. Between 1984 and 2003, 19 179 hectares of vegetation and 21 417 hectares of desert changed to urban, while from 2003 to 2014, the transitions to urban from both land cover classes were found to be 16 486 and 31 045 hectares, respectively. The model results indicated that 14% of the vegetation and 4% of the desert in 2014 will turn into urban in 2025, representing 16 512 and 24 687 hectares, respectively.

Estudo e intervenção do Foral Manuelino de Cascais: especialização em documentos gráficos

Este trabalho foi divulgado a através de: POSTER SILVA, Joana; FRAGOSO, Sara; PESSANHA, Sofia; MANSO, Marta; LONGELIN, Stephane; ESTEVES, Lília; OLIVEIRA, Maria José; PEREIRA, Luís; GUERRA, Mauro; CARVALHO, Maria Luísa; LE GAC, Agnès; Contribution of non-invasive X-ray digital radiography and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence to the characterization of a 1514 – Portuguese códex, European Conference on X-ray Spectrometry; Bologna, Italy, 15-20 June, 2014

Mapping of Chagas disease research: analysis of publications in the period between 1940 and 2009

INTRODUCTION: Publications are often used as a measure of success in research work. Chagas disease occurs in Central and Southern America. However, during the past years, the disease has been occurring outside Latin America due to migration from endemic zones. This article describes a bibliometric review of the literature on Chagas disease research indexed in PubMed during a 70-year period. METHODS: Medline was used via the PubMed online service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine from 1940 to 2009. The search strategy was: Chagas disease [MeSH] OR Trypanosoma cruzi [MeSH]. RESULTS: A total of 13,989 references were retrieved. The number of publications increased steadily over time from 1,361 (1940-1969) to 5,430 (2000-2009) (coefficient of determination for linear fit, R²=0.910). Eight journals contained 25% of the Chagas disease literature. Of the publications, 64.2% came from endemic countries. Brazil was the predominant country (37%), followed by the United States (17.6%) and Argentina (14%). The ranking in production changed when the number of publications was normalized by estimated cases of Chagas disease (Panama and Uruguay), population (Argentina and Uruguay), and gross domestic product (Bolivia and Brazil). CONCLUSIONS: Several Latin American countries, where the prevalence of T. cruzi infection was not very high, were the main producers of the Chagas disease literature, after adjusting for economic and population indexes. The countries with more estimated cases of Chagas disease produced less research on Chagas disease than some developed countries.

A model to screen and improve business potential of micro and small enterprises in developing countries: Evidence from the Island of Mozambique

Programmes supporting micro and small enterprises in developing countries have been showing that capital is not enough to allow business success: survival and growth. Literature does not provide comprehensive and practical tool to support business development in this context, but allowed the collection of forty-nine success variables that were studied in a sample of successful and unsuccessful businesses in the Island of Mozambique to discover what were the key factors affecting those businesses’ performance. Empirical data gave the insights for the development of a model to screen and improve business potential of micro and small enterprises in this context.

Otimização da técnica de micro Fluorescência de Raios- X para o estudo de ossos

Nos países desenvolvidos, as doenças reumáticas são o grupo de doenças mais fre-quentes da espécie humana, sendo por isso o primeiro motivo de consulta nos cuidados de saúde primários e a principal causa de incapacidade temporária para o trabalho e de reformas antecipadas por doença/invalidez (Canhão & Branco, 2013). O estudo destas doenças torna-se cada vez mais urgente visto que estas têm tendência crescente, tendo em conta os atuais esti-los de vida e o aumento da longevidade da população. Nesta dissertação foi estudada e otimi-zada a técnica de Micro Fluorescência de Raios-X (μ-XRF) de forma a permitir um estudo de elementos maioritários e elementos traço em ossos com doenças reumáticas, tendo em espe-cial atenção a razão Ca/P, já que, por estudos até agora efetuados, esta razão é considerada um biomarcador adequado para a avaliação da saúde dos ossos. Foram então verificados os erros aleatórios e sistemáticos existentes nesta técnica e concluiu-se quais os tipos de parâme-tros que devem ser tidos em conta para este estudo, tais como corrente, tensão do tubo, filtros, entre outros. As amostras foram ainda analisadas com a técnica de PIGE (Particle Induced Gamma-ray Emission) e comparados os resultados com os de μ-XRF de forma a avaliar a in-fluência da topologia da amostra. Pretende-se que este estudo seja o início do desenvolvimen-to de um método alternativo de diagnóstico precoce de doenças reumáticas, conduzindo a um tratamento mais eficaz e melhorando assim a qualidade de vida da população.

Cerâmicas Medievais e Modernas de Azamor (Marrocos) – Análise textural, mineralógica e química

Entre 2008 e 2011 foi recuperado, por uma missão arqueológica portuguesa na cidade de Azamor (Marrocos), um vasto conjunto de artefactos cerâmicos. Estes foram divididos em dois grupos cronológicos distintos: o medieval (séculos XIV-XV), constituído principalmente por despejos de uma unidade de produção oleira, e o moderno (séculos XVII-XVIII), constituído por fragmentos recuperados em vários contextos domésticos. O presente trabalho é um estudo arqueométrico de 17 fragmentos cerâmicos representativos de todo o espólio. Consiste na caracterização textural, mineralógica e química das pastas e vidrados, tendo por fim determinar se a fonte de matérias-primas e as técnicas de produção se mantiveram as mesmas em ambos os períodos cronológicos. Foi feita a observação à lupa binocular e uma análise petrográfica (lâminas delgadas) dos fragmentos cerâmicos com o objetivo de caracterizar a textura da matriz cerâmica e de identificar os componentes mineralógicos e a sua distribuição espacial. Estas análises foram complementadas por análises de difração de raios X (difração de pós) e microscopia Raman. Para a caracterização química das pastas e vidrados utilizou-se a micro-fluorescência de raios X dispersiva de energias. Os resultados indiciam que, a nível textural, designadamente no que se refere à coesão e porosidade da pasta e à quantidade de elementos não-plásticos, os dois grupos cerâmicos se assemelham bastante. Também são muitas as semelhanças quer a nível mineralógico, tendo sido identificados predominantemente quartzo, calcite, feldspato, gehlenite e piroxena, quer a nível químico, revelando a composição comum de pastas calcíticas. Foi ainda possível estimar uma temperatura de cozedura acima dos 800-950ºC para as cerâmicas dos dois grupos. Os vidrados analisados apresentam as características de vidrados plúmbicos verdes, coloridos com Cu e Fe. Assim, existe uma forte probabilidade de que as fontes de matérias-primas e técnicas de produção empregues em Azamor sejam as mesmas, em ambos os períodos cronológicos.

Introducing mapping standards in the quality assessment of buildings extracted from very high resolution satellite imagery

Many municipal activities require updated large-scale maps that include both topographic and thematic information. For this purpose, the efficient use of very high spatial resolution (VHR) satellite imagery suggests the development of approaches that enable a timely discrimination, counting and delineation of urban elements according to legal technical specifications and quality standards. Therefore, the nature of this data source and expanding range of applications calls for objective methods and quantitative metrics to assess the quality of the extracted information which go beyond traditional thematic accuracy alone. The present work concerns the development and testing of a new approach for using technical mapping standards in the quality assessment of buildings automatically extracted from VHR satellite imagery. Feature extraction software was employed to map buildings present in a pansharpened QuickBird image of Lisbon. Quality assessment was exhaustive and involved comparisons of extracted features against a reference data set, introducing cartographic constraints from scales 1:1000, 1:5000, and 1:10,000. The spatial data quality elements subject to evaluation were: thematic (attribute) accuracy, completeness, and geometric quality assessed based on planimetric deviation from the reference map. Tests were developed and metrics analyzed considering thresholds and standards for the large mapping scales most frequently used by municipalities. Results show that values for completeness varied with mapping scales and were only slightly superior for scale 1:10,000. Concerning the geometric quality, a large percentage of extracted features met the strict topographic standards of planimetric deviation for scale 1:10,000, while no buildings were compliant with the specification for scale 1:1000.

Generalized Dasymetric Mapping Algorithm for Accessing Land-Use Change

Contém resumo

Caraterização metrológica de contadores de micro caudal

Nas últimas décadas, as empresas têm sido sujeitas a uma maior concorrência, ao desenvolvimento tecnológico mais acelerado e a novos desafios no que respeita à qualidade. A Metrologia deverá assim acompanhar estas tendências do mercado. O Departamento de Metrologia (DMET) do Instituto Português da Qualidade, I.P. (IPQ) tem vindo a desenvolver esforços significativos que visam a melhoria contínua das técnicas e dos processos de medição e de calibração realizados nos laboratórios. A presente dissertação de mestrado foi realizada no Laboratório de Volume e Caudal (LVC) do DMET. Os objetivos iniciais do trabalho centraram-se na caraterização metrológica de contadores de fluidos, tendo como base a medição do caudal, utilizando como método de referência o método gravimétrico. De forma a validar o sistema de medição foram realizados ensaios entre 1 mL/h a 100 mL/h, em condições de reprodutibilidade, com dois sistemas padrão distintos de acordo com o caudal a ensaiar. Em todos os ensaios efetuados foi necessário monitorizar as condições ambientais, i.e. temperatura, pressão atmosférica, humidade relativa e a temperatura do líquido padrão, para a aplicação das correções necessárias. Outro feito importante foi a caraterização das fontes de incerteza, que permitiram caraterizar o resultado das medições. A metodologia utilizada para a avaliação e para a estimativa da incerteza de medição encontra-se descrita no Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). Neste projeto foram contempladas fontes de incerteza como as associadas à evaporação, à impulsão do tubo, à resolução da balança, entre outras. Com os resultados obtidos foi possível elaborar um procedimento técnico para a Calibração de Caudalímetros de Líquidos. Os resultados obtidos permitiram garantir a rastreabilidade das medições de caudal de líquidos ao SI, essencial para a calibração de equipamentos no Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia (LNM) do IPQ, nomeadamente para micro caudalímetros no intervalo de medição entre 0,12 mL/h e 600 mL/h.

Distributed solar micro generation

Taking into account the fact that the sun’s radiation is estimated to be enough to cover 10.000 times the world’s total energy needs (BRAKMANN & ARINGHOFF, 2003), it is difficult to understand how solar photovoltaic systems (PV) are still such a small part of the energy source matrix across the globe. Though there is an ongoing debate as to whether energy consumption leads to economic growth or whether it is the other way around, the two variables appear correlated and it is clear that ensuring the availability of energy to match a country’s growth targets is one of the prime concerns for any government. The topic of centralized vs distributed electricity generation is also approached, especially in what regards the latter fit to developing countries needs, namely the lack of investment capabilities and infrastructure, scattered population, and other factors. Finally, Brazil’s case is reviewed, showing that the current cost of electricity from the grid versus the cost from PV solutions still places an investment of this nature with 9 to 16 years to reach breakeven (from a 25 year panel lifespan), which is too high compared to the required 4 years for most Brazilians. Still, recently passed legislation opened the door, even if unknowingly, to the development of co-owned solar farms, which could reduce the implementation costs by as much as 20% and hence reduce the number of years to breakeven by 3 years.

Mapping the Pasture Steppe in Bayankhongor, Mongolia: comparison of classification methods, using Landsat-8 and geophysical data

Grasslands in semi-arid regions, like Mongolian steppes, are facing desertification and degradation processes, due to climate change. Mongolia’s main economic activity consists on an extensive livestock production and, therefore, it is a concerning matter for the decision makers. Remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems provide the tools for advanced ecosystem management and have been widely used for monitoring and management of pasture resources. This study investigates which is the higher thematic detail that is possible to achieve through remote sensing, to map the steppe vegetation, using medium resolution earth observation imagery in three districts (soums) of Mongolia: Dzag, Buutsagaan and Khureemaral. After considering different thematic levels of detail for classifying the steppe vegetation, the existent pasture types within the steppe were chosen to be mapped. In order to investigate which combination of data sets yields the best results and which classification algorithm is more suitable for incorporating these data sets, a comparison between different classification methods were tested for the study area. Sixteen classifications were performed using different combinations of estimators, Landsat-8 (spectral bands and Landsat-8 NDVI-derived) and geophysical data (elevation, mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature) using two classification algorithms, maximum likelihood and decision tree. Results showed that the best performing model was the one that incorporated Landsat-8 bands with mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature (Model 13), using the decision tree. For maximum likelihood, the model that incorporated Landsat-8 bands with mean annual precipitation (Model 5) and the one that incorporated Landsat-8 bands with mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature (Model 13), achieved the higher accuracies for this algorithm. The decision tree models consistently outperformed the maximum likelihood ones.

Ontology-based representation and generation of workflows for micro-task human-machine computation

Doctoral Program in Computer Science

A spatial multicriteria model for urban accessibility mapping

Accessibility is nowadays an important issue for the development of cities. It is seen as a priority in order toguarantee equal access to fundamental rights, to improve the quality of life of citizens and to ensure that everyone, regardless of age, mobility or ability, have equal access to all the resources and benefits cities have to offer. Consequently, factors closely related to the accessibility have gained a higher relevance for identifying and assessing the location of urban facilities. The main goal of the paper is to present an accessibility evaluation model applied in Santarém, in Brazil, a city located midway between the larger cities of Belem and Manaus. The research instruments, sampling method and data analysis proposed for mapping urban accessibility are described. Daily activities were used to identify and group key destinations. The model was implemented within a geographic information system and integrates the individualâ s perspective through the definition of each key destination weight, reflecting their significance for daily activities in the urban area. Accessibility to key destinations was mapped over 24 districts of the city of Santarém. The results of this model application can support city administration decision-making for new investments in order to improve urban quality of life.