Energieffektiva bostäder - ett ouppnåeligt politiskt mål? : Kommunikation och styrmedel i Jakobsgårdarna

Energieffektiva flerfamiljshus, nationella mål i lokal kontext

Formal caregivers' perceptions of quality of care for older people : associating factors

Background: Despite the growing number of studies concerning quality of care for older people, there is a lack of studies depicting factors associated with good quality of care from the formal caregivers' perspective. The aim was to describe formal caregivers' perceptions of quality of care for older people in the community and explore factors associated with these perceptions. In total, 70 nursing assistants, 163 enrolled nurses and 198 registered nurses from 14 communities in central Sweden participated in the study. They filled out the following questionnaires: a modified version of Quality from the Patient's Perspective, Creative Climate Questionnaire, Stress of Conscience Questionnaire, items regarding education and competence, Health Index and Sense of coherence questionnaire. The overall response rate was 57 % (n = 431). Results: In the perceived reality of quality of care respondents assessed the highest mean value in the dimension medical-technical competence and physical technical conditions and lower values in the dimensions; identity-oriented approach, socio-cultural atmosphere and in the context specific dimension. The caregivers estimated their competence and health rather high, had lower average values in sense of coherence and organizational climate and low values in stress of conscience. Conculsions: The PR of quality of care were estimated higher among NA/ENs compared to RNs. Occupation, organizational climate and stress of conscience were factors associated with quality of care that explained 42 % of the variance. Competence, general health and sense of coherence were not significantly associated to quality of care. The mentioned factors explaining quality of care might be intertwined and showed that formal caregivers' working conditions are of great importance for quality of care.

The Nurse Professional Competence (NPC) scale : self-reported competence among nursing students on the point of graduation

BACKGROUND: International organisations, e.g. WHO, stress the importance of competent registered nurses (RN) for the safety and quality of healthcare systems. Low competence among RNs has been shown to increase the morbidity and mortality of inpatients. OBJECTIVES: To investigate self-reported competence among nursing students on the point of graduation (NSPGs), using the Nurse Professional Competence (NPC) Scale, and to relate the findings to background factors. METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS: The NPC Scale consists of 88 items within eight competence areas (CAs) and two overarching themes. Questions about socio-economic background and perceived overall quality of the degree programme were added. In total, 1086 NSPGs (mean age, 28.1 [20-56]years, 87.3% women) from 11 universities/university colleges participated. RESULTS: NSPGs reported significantly higher scores for Theme I "Patient-Related Nursing" than for Theme II "Organisation and Development of Nursing Care". Younger NSPGs (20-27years) reported significantly higher scores for the CAs "Medical and Technical Care" and "Documentation and Information Technology". Female NSPGs scored significantly higher for "Value-Based Nursing". Those who had taken the nursing care programme at upper secondary school before the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) programme scored significantly higher on "Nursing Care", "Medical and Technical Care", "Teaching/Learning and Support", "Legislation in Nursing and Safety Planning" and on Theme I. Working extra paid hours in healthcare alongside the BSN programme contributed to significantly higher self-reported scores for four CAs and both themes. Clinical courses within the BSN programme contributed to perceived competence to a significantly higher degree than theoretical courses (93.2% vs 87.5% of NSPGs). SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: Mean scores reported by NSPGs were highest for the four CAs connected with patient-related nursing and lowest for CAs relating to organisation and development of nursing care. We conclude that the NPC Scale can be used to identify and measure aspects of self-reported competence among NSPGs.

Perspektiv på undervisning i hållbar utveckling för en abstrakt framtid.

SO

Transformação genética em cevada por bombardeamento de partículas

A presente Tese de Doutorado objetivou: (1) definir um método eficiente de transformação genética, por bombardeamento de partículas, para a obtenção de plantas transgênicas de cultivares brasileiras de cevada e (2) identificar gene(s) codificante(s) de quitinase(s) potencialmente capaz(es) de conferir resistência ao fungo patogênico de cevada Bipolaris sorokiniana. Culturas de calos obtidos a partir de escutelos imaturos das cultivares Brasileiras de cevada MN-599 e MN-698 (Cia. de Bebidas das Américas, AMBEV) foram bombardeadas com partículas de tungstênio e avaliadas quanto à expressão do gene repórter gusA através de ensaios histoquímicos de GUS e quanto ao efeito dos bombardeamentos na indução estruturas embriogênicas e regeneração de plantas. As condições de biobalística analisadas incluíram a região promotora regulando a expressão de gusA, tipo e pressão de gás hélio de dois aparelhos de bombardeamento, distância de migração das partículas, número de tiros e a realização de pré e pós-tratamento osmótico dos tecidos-alvo. No presente trabalho foram obtidos um número bastante alto de pontos azuis por calo, a indução de calos embriogênicos e embriões somáticos em uma freqüência de até 58,3% e a regeneração de 60 plantas, sendo 43 de calos bombardeados. As melhores condições observadas foram o promotor e primeiro íntron do gene Adh de milho (plasmídeo pNGI), o aparelho de bombardeamento “ Particle Inflow Gun��� (PIG) utilizando-se a distância de migração de partículas de 14,8 cm, dois tiros disparados por placa e a realização de tratamento osmótico dos explantes com 0,2 M de manitol e 0,2 M de sorbitol 4-5 horas antes e 17-19 horas depois dos bombardeamentos. Das 43 plantas obtidas de calos bombardeadas, 3 apresentaram atividade de GUS na base das suas folhas. A utilização de primers sintéticos definidos a partir de genes de quitinases descritos na literatura em PCRs resultou na amplificação de dois fragmentos de aproximadamente 700 e 500 pb a partir de DNA total das cvs. MN-599 e MN-698 de cevada e um fragmento, com aproximadamente 500 pb, a partir do DNA total do isolado A4c de Trichoderma sp. Estes fragmentos foram purificados dos géis de agarose e diretamente seqüenciados de forma manual e automática. Os fragmentos de 700 e 500 pb amplificados do genoma da cultivar MN-599 foram identificados como genes de quitinases de cevada e o fragmento de 500 pb do isolado A4c de Trichoderma sp. não apresentou homologia com seqüências conhecidas de quitinases depositadas no EMBL/GenBank. A utilização de novos pares de primers, representando seqüências conservadas de quitinases do fungo Metarhizium anisopliae, resultou na amplificação de 3 fragmentos a partir do DNA total do isolado A4b de Trichoderma sp., que estão sendo purificados para realização de seqüenciamento.

Projeto de reestruturação organizacional de uma empresa de construção civil : um projeto de consultoria

The managerial diagnostic carried out at Construtora e Incorporadora A. Bueno Ltda. ¿ CIAB, points to an administrative structure within the concepts of the Classic Theory of Administration. We believe that, to the solution of its operations, it is necessary to turn to the main principle of the Theory of Administration (preview, organize, command, coordinate and control) as a way of finding, according to Taylor and Fayol studies, one possible solution to this case. Nevertheless, the companies adopt other administrative approaches on its operational process although, we understand that nothing has changed, they are still dependent and/or are connected to the principles of these classic authors. So, to the solution of the internal disorganized problems, it is priority the introduction of administrative processes and also the restructuring of the operational processes such as: the study of the time and movement, the rationalization of the physical and material efforts, the supplement of objectives and profitability. Then, according to Fayol the administration is not an exclusive privilege and a personal responsibility of the boss or the leaders of the company; it is a function that shares, like other essential functions, among the head and the members of the company. Consequently, to Fayol, the administration is the search of the maxim prosperity to all involved. So, this study has the aim to elaborate a consultant project to the organizational structurate of the CIAB company, according to the Theory of the Administration.

O crime de drogas e a violência em São Paulo: uma análise a partir da Lei de Drogas

O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar o efeito da Lei nº 11.343/06 (Lei de Drogas) sobre o crime de tráfico e porte de drogas e a relação entre crimes de drogas e outros crimes. Para isso, são exploradas as variações da Lei de Drogas, através de análises de regressões com descontinuidade e com variável instrumental, além de estimações com dados em painel, em busca de um efeito causal entre drogas e violência. Como resultados, a Lei de Drogas parece não ter efeito negativo significativo sobre crimes de drogas. Por outro lado, crimes de drogas apresentam uma associação negativa sobre crimes de furto e uma relação positiva com crimes de formação de quadrilha. Para cada redução de 100 crimes de drogas (por mil habitantes) associa-se um aumento de 3,6 crimes de furto (por mil habitantes) e uma diminuição de 27 crimes de formação de quadrilha (por mil habitantes). Não são encontrados efeitos robustos sobre roubos, homicídios, latrocínios, estupros, crimes de lesão corporal e porte de arma de fogo.

Comparison and analysis of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports of the top five companies ranked on the 2013 CSR RepTrak

In the 1970s, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was discussed by Nobel laureate Milton Friedman in his article “The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits.” (Friedman, 1970). His view on CSR was contemptuous as he referred to it as “hypocritical window-dressing” a reflection of the view of Corporate America on CSR back then. For a long time short-term maximization of shareholder value was the only maxim for top management across industries and companies. Over the last decade, CSR has become a more important and relevant factor of a company’s reputation, shifting the discussion from whether CSR is necessary to how best CSR commitments should be done (Smith, 2003). Inevitably, companies do have an environmental, social and economic impact, thereby imposing social costs on current and future generations. In 2013, 50 of the world biggest companies have been responsible for 73 percent of the total carbon dioxide (CO2) emission (Global 500 Climate Change Report 2013). Post et al. (2002) refer to these social costs as a company’s need to retain its “license to operate”. In the late 1990s, CSR reporting was nearly unknown, which drastically changed during the last decade. Allen White, co-founder of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), said that CSR reporting”… has evolved from the extraordinary to the exceptional to the expected” (Confino, 2013). In confirmation of this, virtually all of the world’s largest 250 companies report on CSR (93%) and reporting by now appears to be business standard (KPMG, 2013). CSR reports are a medium for transparency which may lead to an improved company reputation (Noked, 2013; Thorne et al, 2008; Wilburn and Wilburn, 2013). In addition, it may be used as part of an ongoing shareholder relations campaign, which may prevent shareholders from submitting Environmental and Social (E&S)1 proposals (Noked, 2013), based on an Ernst & Young report 1 The top five E&S proposal topic areas in 2013 were: 1. Political spending/ lobbying; 2. Environmental sustainability; 3. Corporate diversity/ EEO; 4.Labor/ human rights and 5. Animal testing/ animal welfare. Three groups of environmental sustainability proposal topics of sub-category number two (environmental sustainability) 6 2013, representing the largest category of shareholder proposals submitted. PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) even goes as far as to claim that CSR reports are “…becoming critical to a company’s credibility, transparency and endurance.” (PwC, 2013).

Comportamento magnético de compósitos de matriz polimérica com adição de ferritas

Polymer matrix composites offer advantages for many applications due their combination of properties, which includes low density, high specific strength and modulus of elasticity and corrosion resistance. However, the application of non-destructive techniques using magnetic sensors for the evaluation these materials is not possible since the materials are non-magnetizable. Ferrites are materials with excellent magnetic properties, chemical stability and corrosion resistance. Due to these properties, these materials are promising for the development of polymer composites with magnetic properties. In this work, glass fiber / epoxy circular plates were produced with 10 wt% of cobalt or barium ferrite particles. The cobalt ferrite was synthesized by the Pechini method. The commercial barium ferrite was subjected to a milling process to study the effect of particle size on the magnetic properties of the material. The characterization of the ferrites was carried out by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Circular notches of 1, 5 and 10 mm diameter were introduced in the composite plates using a drill bit for the non-destructive evaluation by the technique of magnetic flux leakage (MFL). The results indicated that the magnetic signals measured in plates with barium ferrite without milling and cobalt ferrite showed good correlation with the presence of notches. The milling process for 12 h and 20 h did not contribute to improve the identification of smaller size notches (1 mm). However, the smaller particle size produced smoother magnetic curves, with fewer discontinuities and improved signal-to-noise ratio. In summary, the results suggest that the proposed approach has great potential for the detection of damage in polymer composites structures

Estudo paramétrico do processo de injeção de solventes em poços horizontais para reservatórios de óleos pesados

The world has many types of oil that have a range of values of density and viscosity, these are characteristics to identify whether an oil is light, heavy or even ultraheavy. The occurrence of heavy oil has increased significantly and pointing to a need for greater investment in the exploitation of deposits and therefore new methods to recover that oil. There are economic forecasts that by 2025, the heavy oil will be the main source of fossil energy in the world. One such method is the use of solvent vaporized VAPEX which is known as a recovery method which consists of two horizontal wells parallel to each other, with a gun and another producer, which uses as an injection solvent that is vaporized in order to reduce the viscosity of oil or bitumen, facilitating the flow to the producing well. This method was proposed by Dr. Roger Butler, in 1991. The importance of this study is to analyze how the influence some operational reservoir and parameters are important in the process VAPEX, such as accumulation of oil produced in the recovery factor in flow injection and production rate. Parameters such as flow injection, spacing between wells, type of solvent to be injected, vertical permeability and oil viscosity were addressed in this study. The results showed that the oil viscosity is the parameter that showed statistically significant influence, then the choice of Heptane solvent to be injected showed a greater recovery of oil compared to other solvents chosen, considering the spacing between the wells was shown that for a greater distance between the wells to produce more oil

Efeito da adição de óleos mineral e vegetal a acaricidas no controle do ácaro-da-leprose dos citros Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpide)

Com a finalidade de esclarecer os efeitos da adição de óleo vegetal e mineral aos acaricidas foi conduzido um ensaio de campo em 1994 no município de Viradouro, SP, utilizando-se de Assist, Triona e Natur'l Óleo, na dosagem de 500 mL por 100 litros de água, adicionados aos acaricidas: pyridaben nas formulações 200 CE e 750 PM, nas dosagens de 75 mL e 20 g; propargite 720 CE a 100 mL; óxido de fenbutatina 500 SC a 80 mL e cyhexatin 500 PM a 50 g. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi o de blocos casualizados. As aplicações foram feitas com pulverizador tipo pistola. Após a preparação da calda, foi determinado o pH. Empregou-se máquina de varredura e microscópio estereoscópico para as avaliações da população acarina. A adição de Natur'l Óleo pode afetar negativamente a eficiência do pyridaben 200 CE e 750 PM e cyhexatin 500 PM, no controle do ácaro-da-leprose. Triona e Assist não afetaram as eficiências dos acaricidas testados. Pelo índice de iodo, mediu-se o grau de insaturação das misturas dos acaricidas com Natur'l Óleo, concluindo-se que houve incorporação das moléculas dos acaricidas pelas ligações insaturadas do óleo; porém, isto não explica o diferente comportamento dos produtos no controle do ácaro da leprose dos citros.