La Acumulación de concursos

La Ley Concursal, en sus artículos 3 y 25, regula la posibilidad de acumular concursos instados o ya declarados frente a varios deudores. Dado que dichos artículos se limitan a autorizar la acumulación de acciones y procesos sin establecer una pauta sobre el alcance y significado de tal acumulación, en este trabajo se analizan y plantean diferentes problemas procesales referidos a la Ley Concursal, así como se sugieren reformas legales para determinar las consecuencias procesales derivadas de dicha acumulación.

New reference tables and user-friendly Internet application for predicted heart weights.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of normal heart weight ranges is important information for pathologists. Comparing the measured heart weight to reference values is one of the key elements used to determine if the heart is pathological, as heart weight increases in many cardiac pathologies. The current reference tables are old and in need of an update. AIMS: The purposes of this study are to establish new reference tables for normal heart weights in the local population and to determine the best predictive factor for normal heart weight. We also aim to provide technical support to calculate the predictive normal heart weight. METHODS: The reference values are based on retrospective analysis of adult Caucasian autopsy cases without any obvious pathology that were collected at the University Centre of Legal Medicine in Lausanne from 2007 to 2011. We selected 288 cases. The mean age was 39.2 years. There were 118 men and 170 women. Regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship of heart weight to body weight, body height, body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA). RESULTS: The heart weight increased along with an increase in all the parameters studied. The mean heart weight was greater in men than in women at a similar body weight. BSA was determined to be the best predictor for normal heart weight. New reference tables for predicted heart weights are presented as a web application that enable the comparison of heart weights observed at autopsy with the reference values. CONCLUSIONS: The reference tables for heart weight and other organs should be systematically updated and adapted for the local population. Web access and smartphone applications for the predicted heart weight represent important investigational tools.

Le partage des responsabilités dans l'espace Dublin, entre confiance mutuelle et sécurité des demandeurs d'asile

On 21 January 2011, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights delivered its judgment in the case of MSS v. Belgium and Greece. This judgment puts into question the practices followed by many national authorities in the implementation of the Dublin system. Particularly noteworthy are the effects on the "safety presumption" that Member States accord to each other in the field of asylum. The authors explore the implications of the MSS decision, first, in regard of the evidentiary requirements imposed on asylum seekers to rebut the safety presumption. They come to the conclusion that through the decision, a real paradigm-shift has taken place - from the theoretical to the actual supremacy of the non-refoulement principle in Dublin matters. This is also true in light of the increased requirements imposed by the Court as regards the scope and depth of judicial review on transfer decisions. Moreover, the MSS judgment could give new impetus to the stalled reform process concerning the Dublin Regulation. Indeed, the Court's decision seems to enshrine in positive ECHR law the most progressive elements of the Commission's proposal, including procedural guarantees and, de facto, the mechanism for the temporary suspension of transfers to member states not offering adequate protection.

Mycobactéries non tuberculeuses maladie pulmonaire: quoi de neuf [Non tuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease: what's new?].

The incidence of NTM (non tuberculous mycobacteria) pulmonary disease is increasing. The diagnosis must be established in the presence of clinical, radiological and microbiological findings. Groups at risk to contract pulmonary disease due to NTM are patients with underlying structural lung disease. Treatment of NTM is long and requires multiple drugs combinations. Relapses and re-infection are not rare. Our understanding in many matters of NTM pulmonary disease is incomplete. Further research is necessary in order to understand the host's defense mechanisms against NTM, and the factors that influence the evolution to lung disease.

Catàleg de plantes vasculars endèmiques, rares o amenaçades de Catalunya. I. Tàxons endèmics

Catalogue of endemic, rare or threatened vascular plants in Catalonia. I. Endemic taxa. This is the first of a set of papers devoted to rare or threatened plants in Catalonia. We list 279 specific or subspecific taxa which are in a broad sense endemic to the northeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. We assess them with regard to their conservation status according to IUCN criteria. Assignment of these taxa to established categories has led to the following results: 6 taxa critically endangered (CR), 5 endangered (EN), 32 vulnerable (VU), 5 near threatened (LR nt). 84 least concern (LR lc), 116 not threatened (NT) and 31 data deficient (DD). The small number of taxa that enjoy legal protection in comparison with the number of threatened plants is emphasized. Key words: Endemic plants, Catalonia, Plant conservation, UICN categories.

Una reflexión sobre la impronta romana del 'beneficio de separación de patrimonios' en el Código Civil catalán

The roman institution of the separatio bonorum is a pretorian remedy that relies on the principle of equity, created as to protect the deceased creditors and/or legatees. It provides them a"benefit" in the case of selling the goods of the heir-deubtor, enabling them to separate and reserve for themselves that whole patrimonium, as to avoid that by the act of selling, the heirs creditors could go to it; and like this they maintain intact their guarantee, which relies on the whole goods and assets left by the deceased. The separation of patrimonies implied the existence of 2 different groups of goods: that of the heirs" and that one of the deceased, which are not the same in legal terms, in spite of having a common owner at this point, the heir. This institution was regulated in the 6th title of the 42nd book of the Digesto, and in the 72th title, 7th book of the Justinean Code, and its interest is really high due to its material complexity and its procedure. The aim of this work is to analyze the institution of the separatio bonorum in Roman Law, and its importance in the same figure, actually regulated in the 4th book of the Catalan civil code.

L'éthylglucuronide: un marquer de la consommation d'alcool [Ethyl glucuronide: a biomarker of alcohol consumption]

Excessive alcohol consumption represents a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality. It is therefore indispensable to be able to detect at-risk drinking. Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a specific marker of alcohol consumption. The determination of ethyl glucuronide in urine or blood can be used to prove recent driving under the influence of alcohol, even if ethanol is no longer detectable. The commercialization of an EtG specific immunological assay now allows to obtain preliminary results rapidly and easily with satisfying sensitivity. Moreover, the detection of ethyl glucuronide in hair offers the opportunity to evaluate an alcohol consumption over a long period. The EtG concentration in hair is in correlation with the amount of ingested alcohol. Thus, the analysis of ethyl glucuronide can be used to monitor abstinence, to detect alcohol relapse and to identify at-risk drinkers. However, a cut off allowing to detect chronic alcohol abuser reliably still does not exist. Therefore, it is recommended to perform the analysis of ethyl glucuronide in complement to the existing blood markers. A study financed by the Swiss Foundation for Alcohol Research is actually conducted by the West Switzerland University Center of Legal Medicine in order to establish an objective cut-off.

New reference tables and user-friendly Internet application for predicted heart weights.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of normal heart weight ranges is important information for pathologists. Comparing the measured heart weight to reference values is one of the key elements used to determine if the heart is pathological, as heart weight increases in many cardiac pathologies. The current reference tables are old and in need of an update. AIMS: The purposes of this study are to establish new reference tables for normal heart weights in the local population and to determine the best predictive factor for normal heart weight. We also aim to provide technical support to calculate the predictive normal heart weight. METHODS: The reference values are based on retrospective analysis of adult Caucasian autopsy cases without any obvious pathology that were collected at the University Centre of Legal Medicine in Lausanne from 2007 to 2011. We selected 288 cases. The mean age was 39.2 years. There were 118 men and 170 women. Regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship of heart weight to body weight, body height, body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA). RESULTS: The heart weight increased along with an increase in all the parameters studied. The mean heart weight was greater in men than in women at a similar body weight. BSA was determined to be the best predictor for normal heart weight. New reference tables for predicted heart weights are presented as a web application that enable the comparison of heart weights observed at autopsy with the reference values. CONCLUSIONS: The reference tables for heart weight and other organs should be systematically updated and adapted for the local population. Web access and smartphone applications for the predicted heart weight represent important investigational tools.

Traducció d'un testament: anglès-català

Un dels objectius principals d’aquest treball és assumir un encàrrec de traducció jurídica. En aquest cas, es tradueix un testament; els testaments són documents jurídics a través dels quals una persona pot disposar els seus béns per a després de la seva mort i instituir hereus. El text de sortida es regeix pels Estatuts de l’Estat de Nova Jersey, és per això que aquest treball se centra en els testaments a Nova Jersey i a Espanya, concretament a Catalunya ja que la traducció és al català. La diferència més gran entre aquests dos països és que Espanya es basa en el Dret Civil i Estats Units en el Common Law; com que tenen característiques diferents, cal documentar-se sobre com funcionen els testaments a cada lloc abans de fer la traducció. Com veurem a continuació, la traducció de documents jurídics requereix precisió i responsabilitat, ja que el lèxic i l’estructura d’aquests tipus de documents és complex; per això, és important tenir accés a manuals de redacció i diccionaris especialitzats. Seguidament, veurem tots els passos que he seguit per portar a terme la traducció d’un testament.

Epävarmuus ja ennakkoarvostelmat : esimerkkejä yritystoiminnan oikeudellisista riskeistä Kiinan kansantasavallassa

English summary: Uncertainty and presuppositions: Examples of commercial legal risks in the People's Republic of China (s. 688)

Égales en droit? La féminisation des professions juridiques en France et en Grande-Bretagne

L'article rend compte des résultats d'une recherche comparative sur les processus de féminisation des professions juridiques en France et en Grande-Bretagne. Les auteurs attirent l'attention sur l'importance du rôle du « levier des diplômes » sur la féminisation plus précoce et plus soutenue de certaines professions juridiques en France par rapport à la Grande-Bretagne. Les auteurs situent ce phénomène de féminisation dans le contexte des transformations structurelles qui touchent ces professions depuis le milieu des années 1970. Prenant appui sur les données portant sur l'évolution des carrières des avocats français et des solicitors britanniques en fonction du sexe et de l'ancienneté, elles attirent l'attention sur la manière dont ces transformations structurelles s'articulent avec le phénomène de féminisation et insistent sur la nécessité d'une analyse approfondie des trajectoires professionnelles sexuées dans ce contexte de grands bouleversements structurels. The paper presents the results of a comparative research project on the feminisation of the legal professions in Britain and France. The authors stress the importance of the role of the « qualifications lever » on the earlier and more extensive character of the feminisation of certain legal professions in France as compared to Britain. An attempt is made to place feminisation in the general context of structural change taking place within the legal profesions since the middle of the 1970's. On the basis of original data on the career structure of French avocats and British solicitors by gender and length of service, the authors stress the manner in which such structural changes interrelate with the process of professional féminisation and insist on the need to adopt in-depth analysis of gendered professional career patterns within this context of profound structural transformation

Työn ja muun elämän yhteensovittaminen ja sen sukupuolittunut ulottuvuus: analyysi mediateksteistä

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää, miten mediatekstit kuvaavat naisten ja miesten työn ja muun elämän yhteensovittamista. Tavoitteena on tutkia sitä, miten media rakentaa ja uusintaa suomalaisessa yhteiskunnassa vallitsevia sukupuolikäsityksiä ja stereotypioita työn ja muun elämän yhdistämistä käsittelevissä lehtiteksteissä. Lisäksi tavoitteena on analysoida sitä, minkälaisia merkityksiä mediatekstit synnyttävät työstä ja yksityiselämästä. Tutkimus on luonteeltaan laadullinen ja tutkimusmetodina on käytetty diskurssianalyysia. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu 17 suomalaisesta lehtitekstistä. Tekstien valinnassa oli tärkeää se, että ne käsittelevät työn ja muun elämän yhteensovittamista mahdollisimman monipuolisesti. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että media uusintaa olemassa olevia sukupuolikäsityksiä työn ja muun elämän yhteensovittamisessa.Lisäksi kävi ilmi työn tekemisen arvostaminen. Muu elämä rakennetaan pääsääntöisesti työssäkäynnin ympärille, vaikka mahdollisuuksia omaan aikaan ja yksityiselämään pidetään hyvin tärkeinä. Yhteiskunnan arvot ja kulttuuri ovat mediatekstien luoman kuvan taustalla. Tämä sanelee osaltaan sen, miten sukupuolta työn ja muun elämän yhteensovittamisessa on lehdissä käsitelty.

Teollisuusverkon stabiilisuus saarekekäyttöön siirryttäessä

Työn aluksi on käsitelty sähkövoimajärjestelmien stabiilisuutta yleisesti. Myös teollisuuden sähköverkkojen erityispiirteitä on tarkasteltu. Teollisuusverkkojen komponentteja koskevassa selvityksessä eri laitteet on käsitelty siten, että niiden tärkeimmät ominaisuudet verkon erilaisissa muutostilanteissa tulevat esille. Tahtigeneraattorit ja epätahtikoneet on käsitelty yksityiskohtaisesti. Tutkimuksessa on esitelty teollisuusverkon saarekekäyttöön johtavia syitä, saarekkeeseen siirtymisen kriteereitä ja saarekekäytön toteutustapoja. Tehonvajaussuojaukseen liittyen on tutustuttu kuormanpudotusjärjestelyihin. Myös höyryverkon kuormien tasausten mahdollisuuksiin on luotu katsaus. Verkostolaskentaa käsittelevässä luvussa on keskitytty sopivan laskentamallin luomiseen liittyviin menetelmiin ja rajoituksiin. Lisäksi on kerrottu työn käytännön osan laskentamallin luomisen keskeiset periaatteet. Työn lopuksi on suoritettu simulointeja, joissa on tutkittu erään teollisuusverkon stabiilisuutta saarekekäyttöön siirryttäessä Calpos-verkostolaskentaohjelmistolla.