Representações sociais de discentes sobre universidade: um estudo psicossocial entre ingressantes do vestibular e da seleção ProUni

Demand for access to higher education to put in test the education Brazilian system in view of the surplus of selective processes of public universities, people without option to pay their studies at this education level. In this context, it has arisen the University for All(Universidade para Todos)Program, the ProUni, from Ministry of Education - MEC, created by the Federal Government in 2004, and that it aims the granting of full and partial scholarships in private higher education institutions, graduate courses in sequential specific training, low-income Brazilians students who do not have higher-level degree. Created by the Provisional Measure No 213/2004 and institutionalized by Law No. 11096 of January 13, 2005, the ProUni offers, however, the exemption of some taxes to those institutions that join the program. This is one of the privileged time for the study of Social Representations by offering the researcher, a living laboratory, natural environment, the confrontation between the established and new. In time like this people are challenged to incorporate the new system to the pre-existing one, aiming it through a strangeness of what was so familiar. It is through this game of social forces that we developed the present study with 196 entering higher education, of these are 116 of selective vestibular system and 80 of the ProUni selective system. We opt by the procedures for data collection in order to have access to the circulating senses, in addition to the streamlined responses. With foundation in Abric, we perform the test the Free Association of Words, then analysed by the software and by EVOC Content of the type theme as Bardin. Besides, we require of the subjects, a writing on the study object university later analysed by the software ALCESTE. The results point out to a representation strongly rooted in social factors such as more traditional socio-cultural elements: the beliefs, values, the symbols. It is unique in both groups of subjects: among those entering by the selective ProUni system, there was a stronger anchor in that it does not make inquiries about the program. At the same time, there is a stronger presence of objectivation, entering the selective vestibular system in order that they explained with a value judgement on the programme. It is suggested further studies considering the embryonic state of social representation, as recent as the social purpose that triggered. It would be relevant even the replication of the same research with other people in order to strengthen the power of the theorising of empiria available

A representação social de disciplinas didático-pedagógicas no contexto da formação inicial docente: um entremear de saberes

We seek, through this study, to analyze about social representation that the students of licentiate degree course of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte - IFRN - have about didactic-pedagogical subjects. We utilize the Social Representations Theory (MOSCOVICI, 2009; 2012; JODELET, 2001) as a theoretical and methodological contribution and as aim, we identify this social representation and understand how it is influenced by the formation of these undergraduates. So we developed the research under the seven undergraduate classroom courses offered by IFRN, namely: Biology, Spanish, Physics, Geography, Computer Science, Mathematics and Chemistry, covering units located both in the capital and in the countryside. While methodological approach we used the Procedure of Multiple Classification (PMC) - (ROAZZI, 1995), whose realization requires a set of words achieved through of Free Technique of Words Association - FTWA - (ABRIC, 1998). For this realization we have a total of one hundred twenty (120) participants, with thirty (30) in FTWA and other stage in the realization of free classification and directed that correspond to the MPR. Achieved the empirical data, we use the analysis of content (BARDIN, 2011; FRANCO, 2007) and multidimensional (ROAZZI, 1995) for the course of his interpretation. Finally, we identify the social representation of didactic and pedagogical subjects centered around the idea that it is through these subjects that can achieve the profile of "good professional" as one who gathers knowledge and attributes required for the full development of teaching involving capabilities it and characteristics that mark the sense of professionalism. Furthermore, we found that the anchoring social representation on the understanding that these disciplines "teach the teacher to be" in the image and its objectification of the "good teacher", ie, one that reaches through the training process and experiences, qualities that make it unique and able to carry full professional. Still see that the actions of the teacher trainer affects the way students perceive, assume and engage in the study of teaching and pedagogical subjects and it reflects significantly the social representation then created

Obtenção de cerâmicas à base de tricálcio fosfatos utilizando óxido de magnésio como aditivo

The tricalcium phosphate ceramics has been widely investigated in the last years due its bioresorbable behavior. The limiting factor of the application of these materials as temporary implants is its low strength resistance. The tricalcium phosphate presents an allotropic transformation β→α around 1250 ºC that degrades its resistance. Some studies have been developed in order to densify this material at this temperature range. The objective of this work is to study the influence of the addition of magnesium oxide (MgO) in the sintering of β-TCP. The processing route was uniaxial hot pressing and its objective was to obtain dense samples. The samples were physically characterized through density and porosity measurements. The thermal behavior was studied through dilatometric, thermal differential and thermogravimetric analysis. The mechanical properties were characterized by three point flexure test and Vickers microhardness measurements, analyzed of the microstructure. The addition of magnesium oxide doesn t cause an improvement of the mechanical strength in relation to material without additive.

Obtenção de cerâmicas à base de tricálcio fosfatos utilizando óxido de manganês como aditivo

The calcium phosphate ceramics have been very investigated as material for bone implants. The tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) had a great potential for application in temporary implants like a resorbable bioceramic. This material presents a limitation in its sintering temperature due to occurrence of the allotropic transformation β → α at temperatures around 1200°C, not allowing the attainment of dense ceramic bodies. This transformation also causes cracks, what diminishes the mechanical strength, limiting its use to applications of low mechanical requests. This work studies the influence of the addition of manganese oxide in the sintering of β-TCP. Two processing routes were investigated. The first was the powder metallurgy conventional process. The test bodies (samples) were pressed and sintering at temperatures of 1200 and 1250°C. The second route was uniaxial hot pressing and its objective was to obtain samples with high relative density. The samples were physically characterized through density and porosity measurements. The thermal behavior was studied through dilatometric, thermal differential and thermogravimetric analysis. The mechanical properties were characterized by three point flexure test and Vickers microhardness measurements. The microstructure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The addition of manganese oxide caused an improvement of the mechanical strength in relation to the material without additive and promoting the stabilization of β-TCP to greater temperatures

Análise do potencial genotóxico da superfície de titânio modificada por plasma

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Influência de defeitos e diferentes processos de fabricação nas propriedades mecânicas finais de cerâmicas

Os materiais cerâmicos são atualmente cada vez utilizados como opção na engenharia mundial. Por se tratar de materiais com alta resistência mecânica, possuem muitas aplicações em diversas áreas, como por exemplo a de mancais, a automotiva (sensores, isoladores, catalisadores, pistões, válvulas, revestimentos), a de implantes biocompatíveis (dentário, substituição óssea, válvulas cardíacas), a de produtos sujeitos ao desgaste (guias), a de refratários (revestimento de equipamento bélico, componentes de fornos), a eletrônica, e outras. Nos processos de fabricação da cerâmica há uma gama de fatores que contribuem para as características do produto final. Devido a isso, muitos pesquisadores têm trabalhado no estudo da influência de determinados defeitos e técnicas de produção de cerâmicas nas características do produto final. Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão bibliográfica de recentes artigos que analisam a influência de fatores como velocidade de queima, surgimento de trincas, porosidade, fases cristalinas, e tamanho de partículas, nas propriedades mecânicas finais das cerâmicas. Pode-se concluir que é possível aperfeiçoar o processo de fabricação da cerâmica a fim de promover as melhores propriedades mecânicas possíveis, conhecendo-se fatores prejudiciais e métodos adequados para se obter o melhor produto final.

A inclusão escolar da subjetividade do professor à constituição de um lugar de aluno

The move to include students with special needs (NEE) in the schools presents a paradigm that raises continual discussion about how to implement this proposal. Considering that learning is built from the weaving of socially constructed knowledge and the field of knowledge concerning subjectivity, this research explores the difficulties that occur with the later in the process of inclusion in the schools. Admittedly, the promise implicit in the school does not guarantee that the student learn, but the envisioning of this learning, when the student s educator discredits him, is such that the person is then not taken on as an actual student, being excluded from the transmission of knowledge, even within the school. The project implemented at the Instituto Educacional Casa Escola IECE, for the last three years, shows us that the possibility and sustainability of this envisioning is intimately linked to the subjectivity of the educator, as well as how one relates to the institutional culture. We question then, how this perspective is formed in the educator this perspective capable of denying the offer of a place as student, allowing him to advance while learning. With this in mind, we explore the paradoxical elements present in the paradigm of inclusion, as well as analyzing theoretically, through the body of conceptual psychoanalysis, the process of subjective constitution. We intend to bring to light how this process coincides with the construction of the educator s perspective of exemption from teaching the special needs students. We question, through the formative functions of subjective structuring (The Mirror Stage and the Oedipus Complex), how to form a perspective capable of promoting inclusion of special needs students in educators. Finally, we show how it is possible to bring to light, with the concepts of the I ideal and the ideal I, the subjective difficulties in the practicing instructor

Condição peri-implantar e fatores associados às doenças peri-implantares em pacientes reabilitados no serviço odontológico da faculdade de odontologia da UFRN

A introdução dos implantes dentários osseointegrados como uma ferramenta na reabilitação oral de pacientes edêntulos e parcialmente edêntulos é uma realidade no cotidiano do cirurgião-dentista. Estudos reportam uma alta taxa de sucesso da utilização de implantes no tratamento reabilitador. Entretanto, outras investigações têm mostrado a perda desses implantes devido a infecções peri-implantares, como a mucosite e a peri-implantite. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a frequência das doenças peri-implantares e seus fatores associados em pacientes com implantes dentais em função reabilitados no serviço odontológico da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFRN. Foram examinados 155 indivíduos portadores de 523 implantes e 2718 dentes. Dentes e implantes foram avaliados por meio de sondagem periodontal, observando-se a profundidade de sondagem, retração gengival, bem como foram avaliados índices de placa visível (IPV) e sangramento gengival (ISG) e presença de supuração. Os dados foram armazenados em fichas clínicas e avaliados estatisticamente por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 54,05 (± 12,61) anos, sendo 79,4% do sexo feminino. As frequências da mucosite, peri-implantite e periodontite em indivíduos foram 54%, 28% e 50%, respectivamente. Dos 523 implantes avaliados, 43% tinham mucosite, 14% peri-implantite e 43% saúde. Os testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher mostraram que as doenças peri-implantares estão associadas as doenças periodontais, uso de medicação, alterações sistêmicas número de implantes, IPV, ISG, ao tempo de função das próteses, região do implante, número de roscas expostas e faixa de mucosa queratinizada (p<0,05). A análise de regressão múltipla, através da regressão binária logística, constatou que indivíduos que faziam uso de medicação (OR = 1,784), com um ISG > 10% (OR = 1,742), com implantes instalados na maxila (OR = 2,654), onde a prótese sobre o implante tinham mais de 2 anos em função (OR = 3,144) e que radiograficamente apresentavam uma perda óssea atingindo a terceira rosca do implante (OR = 4,701) mostram uma associação positiva com as doenças peri-implantares de maneira que esses indivíduos têm mais chances de ter essas doenças. Os resultados sugerem que a frequência das doenças peri-implantares na população em estudo foi de 82% dos pacientes e que estas doenças estão associadas a fatores relacionados aos indivíduos como: a presença da doença periodontal, piores IPV e IS, alterações sistêmicas, uso de medicação e maior número de implantes; e a fatores locais relacionados aos implantes como: ausência ou faixa de mucosa menor que 2mm, implantes na maxila e na região anterior, perda óssea atingindo a terceira rosca do implante e a um tempo de reabilitação prótetica maior que 2 anos

Influência da técnica de fabricação e dos materiais sobre o ajuste da interface pilar/implante em infraestruturas implantossuportadas

The aim of this study was to compare the misfit vertical, horizontal and passivity of zirconia and cobalt-chromium frameworks fabricated for CAD / CAM technology and conventional method of casting. Sixteen frameworks in one-piece, were obtained from a metallic matrix containing three Brånemark compatible implants with regular platform (Titamax Cortical Ti, Neodent). Eight frameworks were fabricated by CAD / CAM system (NeoShape, Neodent): four in zirconia (ZirCAD) and four cobalt-chromium (CoCrcad). Eight other frameworks were obtained by conventional casting method: four cobalt-chromium with UCLA abutment premachined Co-Cr (CoCrUCci) and four cobalt-chromium with UCLA abutment castable (CoCrUCc). The fit vertical, horizontal and passivity by one-screw test were measured using scanning electron microscopy with magnification of 250x. Initially evaluated the passivity by one-screw test and subsequently to assess the vertical and horizontal misfit, tightened all the screws with a torque of 20 Ncm. Mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values were calculated for each group. Measurements of horizontal misfit were transformed into cumulative frequency for categorization of the variable and the group later comparison groups. To evaluate the existence of quantitative differences between the groups tested for vertical misfit and passivity, we used the Kruskal-Wallis test. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare group to group statistical differences (p <0.05). Were observed the respective mean and standard deviation for vertical misfit and passivity in micrometers: ZirCAD (5.9 ± 3.6, 107.2 ± 36), CoCrcad (1.2 ± 2.2, 107.5 ± 26 ), CoCrUCci (11.8 ± 9.8, 124.7 ± 74), CoCrUCc (12.9 ± 11.0, 108.8 ± 85). There were statistical differences in measures of vertical misfit (p = 0.000). The Mann-Whitney test revealed statistical differences (p <0.05) between all groups except between CoCrUCci and CoCrUCc (p = 0.619). No statistical difference was observed for the passivity. In relation to the horizontal misfit groups ZirCAD and CoCrcad did not show best values in relation to CoCrUCci and CoCrUCc. Based on the results it can be concluded that frameworks fabricated by CAD / CAM technology had better values of vertical fit than those manufactured by the casting method, nevertheless, the passivity was not influenced by manufacturing technique and material used. The horizontal fit obtained by frameworks manufactured by CAD / CAM was not superior to those manufactured by casting. A lower variability in vertical adjustment and passivity was observed when frameworks were fabricated by CAD / CAM technology

Eficiência mastigatória e impacto da saúde oral na qualidade de vida em pacientes reabilitados com próteses totais removíveis implanto-suportadas

Edentulous patients with complaint about mandibular conventional denture might experience poor masticatory function and negative impact of oral health on quality of life. The aim of this controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of mandibular overdenture on oral health-related quality of life and masticatory efficacy in patients wearing mandibular complete dentures. The edentulous patients (n=16) were rehabilitated with new maxillary and mandibular complete dentures and, after 3 months, mandibular overdentures retained by 2 implants (bar-clip system) were fabricated. The Brazilian version of OHIP-Edent questionnaire was used to assess the oral healthrelated quality of life. Masticatory efficacy was evaluated through a colorimetric method with chewing capsules. The mean OHIP-Edent score was 8.5 with conventional dentures and 2.0 with mandibular overdenture, which means a positive impact of oral health on quality of life with overdentures (p=0.001). The mean absorbance for masticatory efficacy was 0.025 for conventional dentures and 0.073 for overdentures. There was statistically significant difference for masticatory efficacy before and after implants rehabilitation (p=0.003). However, there was no correlation between masticatory efficacy and OHIP (p>0.05). So, mandibular overdenture retained by 2 implants improved the quality of life and masticatory efficacy of edentulous patients with complaint about mandibular conventional complete dentures

Eficácia do tratamento não-cirúrgico em indivíduos com mucosite peri-implantar

It has been shown that the development of peri-implant mucositis is associated with biofilm accumulation. It is believed that the therapeutic approaches used in periodontal disease may have a positive effect in the cases of peri-implant disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis, with or without the use of chlorhexidine 0,12% in subjects rehabilitated with osseointegrated implants. Thus, patients were randomly divided into test group (chlorhexidine surgical therapy) and control (non-surgical treatment). This therapy consisted of an adaptation of the (Full Mouth scalling and Root Planing) nonoperative protocol FMSRP, but without the use of ultrasound. The visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and keratinized mucosa clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and at different times after treatment. The data were not normally distributed and the implant was considered the sampling unit. Data were analyzed using Fri edman and Wilcoxon chi-square (=5%), tests using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 17.0 (SPSS). Thus, 119 implants were evaluated, 61 in the test group and 58 in the control group. The results showed statistically significant differences for the variables: average BTI implants in both groups (p<0,001), mean ISG implants both in the test group (p<0,001), and control (p= 0,006) of implants; PS for the test group (p< 0,001) and control (p = 0,015) and SS (p<0,001) in the two treatment groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference when the groups were compared. The PS and SS variables showed no statistically significant difference in any of independent interest to the study (age, sex, smoking, treatment group, keratinized mucosa at different times, peri-implant biotype, average VPI implants and GBI). Thus, it can be concluded that both the mechanical treatment isolated as its association with chlorhexidine mouthwash 0.12% can be used for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis. Moreover, the condition of oral h ygiene has improved between baseline and six months and the depth and bleeding on probing decreased after three and six months

Passividade na interface prótese/pilar intermediário de infraestrutura implantossuportadas confeccionadas pela tecnologia CAD/CAM e método convencional

The objective of this research was to evaluate the passivity and strain induced in infrastructures screwed on abutments, made by CAD/CAM technology, and to compare these samples with parts manufactured by conventional casting. Using CAD/CAM technology, 4 samples were made from zirconia (Zircad) and 4 samples were manufactured from cobaltchrome (CoCrcad). The control groups were 4 specimens of cobalt-chrome, made by onepiece casting (CoCrci), for a total of 12 infrastructures. To evaluate the passivity, the infraestructures were installed on the abutments. One end was tightened and the vertical gap between the infrastructure and the prosthetic abutment was measured with scanning electron microscopy (250×). The mean strain in these infrastructures was analyzed via the photoelasticity test. A significant difference (p = 0.000) in passivity was observed between the control (CoCrci) and sample groups (CoCrcad and CoCrci). CoCrcad exhibited the best value of passivity (48.76 ± 13.45 μm) and CoCrci the worst (187.55 ± 103.63 μm), Zircad presented an intermediate value (103.81 ± 43.15 μm). When compared to the other groups, CoCrci showed the highest mean strain around the implants (17.19 ± 7.22 kPa). It was concluded that the zirconia infrastructure made by CAD / CAM showed a higher vertical marginal misfit than those made in cobalt-chromium alloy with the same methodology, however, the tension generated in the implants was similar. The CAD/CAM technology is more accurate for passivity and mean strain of infrastructure screwed on abutments than conventional manufacturing techniques

Comparação entre pericárdio bovino preservado em glicerina e malha de poliéster no reparo de falhas da parede abdominal em ratos

OBJETIVO: Comparar uma malha comercial de poliéster com o pericárdio bovino preservado em glicerina na reconstituição de defeitos da parede abdominal. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 30 ratos, divididos em dois grupos eqüitativos. Efetuou-se uma excisão retangular de 2,5 x 2 cm, incluindo toda a musculatura abdominal e peritônio. No grupo I a parede abdominal foi reparada com malha de poliéster e no grupo II com pericárdio bovino conservado em glicerina. Os animais foram sacrificados aos 15, 60 e 90 dias de pós-operatório, sendo o local cirúrgico avaliado macroscópica e histologicamente. RESULTADOS: Os animais do grupo I apresentaram aderências mais severas e em maior número quando comparados aos do grupo II; porém, sem comprometimento funcional. A análise histológica revelou incorporação dos tecidos aos implantes, com maior resposta fibroblástica nos animais do grupo I. CONCLUSÃO: A malha de poliéster oferece maior resistência estrutural e resposta fibroblástica mais intensa; contudo, promove grande quantidade de aderências às vísceras abdominais, quando comparada ao pericárdio bovino.

Fatores envolvidos na migração das endopróteses em pacientes submetidos ao tratamento endovascular do aneurisma da aorta abdominal

A migração da endoprótese é complicação do tratamento endovascular definida como deslocamento da ancoragem inicial. Para avaliação da migração, verifica-se a posição da endoprótese em relação a determinada região anatômica. Considerando o aneurisma da aorta abdominal infrarrenal, a área proximal de referência consiste na origem da artéria renal mais baixa e, na região distal, situa-se nas artérias ilíacas internas. Os pacientes deverão ser monitorizados por longos períodos, a fim de serem identificadas migrações, visto que estas ocorrem normalmente após 2 anos de implante. Para evitar migrações, forças mecânicas que propiciam fixação, determinadas por características dos dispositivos e incorporação da endoprótese, devem predominar sobre forças gravitacionais e hemodinâmicas que tendem a arrastar a prótese no sentido caudal. Angulação, extensão e diâmetro do colo, além da medida transversa do saco aneurismático, são importantes aspectos morfológicos do aneurisma relacionados à migração. Com relação à técnica, não se recomenda implante de endopróteses com sobredimensionamento excessivo (> 30%), por provocar dilatação do colo do aneurisma, além de dobras e vazamentos proximais que também contribuem para a migração. Por outro lado, endopróteses com mecanismos adicionais de fixação (ganchos, farpas e fixação suprarrenal) parecem apresentar menos migrações. O processo de incorporação das endopróteses ocorre parcialmente e parece não ser suficiente para impedir migrações tardias. Nesse sentido, estudos experimentais com endopróteses de maior porosidade e uso de substâncias que permitam maior fibroplasia e aderência da prótese à artéria vêm sendo realizados e parecem ser promissores. Esses aspectos serão discutidos nesta revisão.

Uso de 2-octil-cianoacrilato na reconstrução da cavidade anoftálmica de coelhos

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a ligação entre músculos oculares extrínsecos e esferas de polietileno poroso usando um bioadesivo. MÉTODOS: Estudo experimental envolvendo 8 coelhos albinos submetidos a enucleação do olho direto com colocação de implante esférico de polietileno poroso de 12 mm de diâmetro unido aos músculos oculares extrínsecos por meio do bioadesivo 2-octil-cianoacrilato. Noventa dias após a cirurgia os animais foram sacrificados e o conteúdo orbitário removido. em 4 animais foi realizado estudo biomecânico, avaliando-se a força de ruptura entre a musculatura e a esfera (grupo implante) e entre a musculatura e a esclera nos olhos contralaterais (grupo controle). Nos outros 4 animais foi realizada análise histológica. RESULTADO: A avaliação biomecânica revelou que a força de ruptura entre esfera-músculo e esclera-músculo foram semelhantes quando se usa o adesivo de cianoacrilato. O exame histológico mostrou reação fibrovascular no local da adesão entre a musculatura e a esfera, sem efeitos deletérios aos tecidos. Ao redor dos implantes foi possível observar pseudocápsula e no interior, neovasos e tecido fibrovascular preenchendo os espaços entre os grânulos do polietileno. CONCLUSÃO: O adesivo 2-octil-cianoacrilato mantém boa força de adesão na união entre os músculos e as esferas de polietileno poroso, com redução do tempo cirúrgico e sem efeitos deletérios aos tecidos orbitais. Desta forma, deve-se considerar o uso do bioadesivo na reconstrução da cavidade anoftálmica.