897 resultados para História oral de vida.


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This project has resulted from a reunion between me and two teachers with whom I had already worked, pedagogically counseling them during the execution of the Project of Youngsters and Adults Schooling at the Agrarian Reform Settlements in the State of Sergipe (PAJA/PRONERA) between 2002 and 2003. The matter that really motivated the research was related to the essential principle that guided the accomplishment of the PAJA s teachers education and professionalization: understanding their reality and knowing their needs, promoting the dialogue between scientific and common sense knowledge. Taking as a reference the fact that the teachers education is not restricted to the academic qualification, that is, that it is a part of the educational process, which, in turn, is a result of each one s personal background, dialectically individual and collective, the access to the teachers reality and needs was accomplished by studying their backgrounds, especially their school and professional career. They, inevitably, focused themselves on the country life s social and cultural context, that could be better understood by living together with the teachers during the twenty-seven days I stayed in the Golfo s settlement, located in the town named Pacatuba/SE. The approach to the teachers lives through their stories and the daily contact proved how much Science is still distant from the peasants routine, sometimes being presented to them as a finished product . That way, the dialog between those two categories and the expectation of the country life s social and cultural conditions, together with the education, in which teachers have an essential role, still remain as a challenge

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This study investigates the manner in which the Activity Theory by Alexei Nikolaevich Leontiev contributed to the performance of a teacher who teaches History at the 8th year of elementary school, Escola Estadual Coronel Fernandes, in Luís Gomes - RN city. Her goal is to analyze the contributions of this theory in her teaching practice. It was opted by collaborative approach as formative strategy and was used as procedures for training of knowing the courses of study and thoughtful reflection sessions. It was used as techniques in the development of these cycles, the semistructured interview and the reflection sessions, the autoscopy and observation in real life. Regarding the theoretical foundation, held in these cycles, the teacher demonstrated to have appropriated some contributions from Activity Theory, besides relating them to her practice and understanding her importance to the improvement of teaching and learning of History. Concerning to the reflection sessions, the analysis showed that the participant has used of constructions of this theory and improved their practice, developing lessons of History so as to encourage student participation in oral and promote his integral development. The educational process, carried out on the practice of teacher, has shown an increase in her conscious learning that contributed to the improvement in their professional development. Before these findings, as needs for new thinking, this research recommends, especially the organization of teaching activities, based on this theory, which allows the teacher to improve the teaching and learning process contributing to student's full education

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La recherche intitulée l Histoire des femmes agées du group Aurore de La Vie: Campina Grande-PB (1940-1950) a surgit comme consequence de mon observation sur les interêts de femmes en retrouner à l école aprés qu elles étaient arrivées aux soixante ans, um moment de la vie que malgré son importance est encore considerée par trop de gens comme des moments d être seul jusqu à la fin de la vie. Alors, nous avons formulé la question la plus importante de ce travail: Quel est l histoire de l éducation des femmes agées du group Aurore de La Vie, dans le période de son education d enfant? Un group de 25 femmes qui ont étudié le projet Digna, on a fait une seletion de treize agées, entre 65 et 80 ans, qui s appellent: Perpétua, Florinda, Benta, Ambrósia, Celestine, Cordélia, Circe, Filomena, Desdêmona, Dorotéia, Ofelia, Martítius e Nausica. Beaucoup d intelectuels nous ont aidé avec la base theórico-methodologique et nous ont presenté l histoire des excludées comment une histoire en construction. Parmis ces intelectuelles on rencontre Chartier, Halbwachs, Elias, Perrot, Bosi, Bezerra, Morais et Machado. Pendant notre recherche nous avons employés des narrations, des entrevues, des questions ouvertes ou les femmes puissent parler sur l histoire de leur vie. Nous avons regardé aussi le fiche des agées, le arquive de La Secretarie Municipale de Assistence Social (SEMAS) du Hôtel de Ville de Campina Grande-PB. Nous avons aussi étudié sur la legislation relié à la tematique de la Constituition Brésilienne dans l estatute et dans la Politique Nacional de l age. Notre étude nous a donné des analises sur les themas: pauvresse, travail, sourvenirs, jeux e aussi punitions scolaires. Nous sommes arrivés à la conclusion qu à l époque de son enfance, l éducation formale était déjá determinée pour le mariage, la pró-création la famille. Enfim toujours dédans de la maison excludées du reste du monde. Nous avons compris que pesquiser cet object d étude est un contribut avec l histoire des excludées en cassant le silence des femmes lesqueles on été ignorées par presque toute la prodution historiographique

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We developed an assay methodology that considered the temperature variation and the scanning electron microscopy as a method to quantify and characterize respectively the consumption evolution in three 46 LA machines, with internal combustion and two-stroke engines, 7.64 cm3 cylinder capacity, 23.0 millimeters diameter and 18.4 millimeters course, RPM service from 2.000 to 16.000 rpm, 1.2 HP power, and 272 grams weight. The investigated engines components were: (1) head of the engine (Al-Si alloy), (2) piston (Al-Si alloy) and (3) piston pin (AISI 52100 steel). The assays were carried out on a desktop; engines 1 and 2 were assayed with no load, whereas in two assays of engine 3 we added a fan with wind speed that varied from 8.10 m/s to 11.92 m/s, in order to identify and compare the engine dynamic behavior as related to the engines assayed with no load. The temperatures of the engine s surface and surroundings were measured by two type K thermopairs connected to the assay device and registered in a microcomputer with data recording and parameters control and monitoring software, throughout the assays. The consumed surface of the components was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microanalysis-EDS. The study was complemented with shape deformation and mass measurement assays. The temperature variation was associated with the oxides morphology and the consumption mechanisms were discussed based on the relation between the thermal mechanical effects and the responses of the materials characterization

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Este estudio trata de establecer relaciones sobre la importancia del fenómeno sociocultural que emerge de Doña Militana para la cultura potiguar. Para tanto tomamos sus recuerdos de los romances como parte de un contexto social, relacionados con el tiempo y el espacio, que afecten a la vida material y moral de su grupo social. Resaltamos, por lo tanto, el fenómeno de la memoria individual en su relación con la memoria colectiva. Proponemos, en este sentido, suponer que el mantenimiento y permanencia de estos romances en la memoria de la romancera revelan una dinámica de su grupo social para la formación de su identidad. En este sentido, nos servimos como referencial teórico de los estudios de Maurice Halbwachs, en lo que respecta a los debates sobre la memoria colectiva, en paralelo a los estudios de Paul Zunthor cuando se trata de las funciones de la oralidad para la formación de la identidad. Para llevar a cabo los trabajos es de fundamental importancia, por supuesto, el relato de vida de la propia Doña Militana en confronto con los simbolismo culturales contenidos en los romances, con el objetivo que flagremos las (co)incidencias que demarquen la identidad de sus vínculos de identidad con el universo cultural en que está insertado. Como resultado, se tomó como objeto de análisis desde la deposición presentadas en las entrevistas, hasta los romances en sus aspectos poéticos, lingüísticos y mitológicos, incluyendo los significados que el desempeño de la romancera muestra. Objetivamos, por lo tanto, una comprensión dialógica de la relación entre la memoria individual (el caso de Doña Militana) con la memoria colectiva, sobre la base de un hipotético concepto que subyace a la aparente singularidad de este fenómeno - un hecho aislado en cierta medida - una razón intrínseca y compleja que se revela como la punta de un iceberg, al que convergen motivos históricos inconscientes de un patrimonio cultural

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Interview given to Leandro Alves by Jose Teodoro Mattoso, professor at the New University of Lisbon, a renowned medievalist and author of several important works on Portuguese historiography. He recently coordinated the publication of the History of private life in Portugal, a work encompassing the Middle Ages through to the present day, addressing the field of study of behaviors and mentalities, which until then had barely been touched upon by Portuguese historians. Seeking to outline a historiographical perspective regarding the use of the history of mentalities in Portugal, a series of questions were prepared to put to Mattoso about the interests that led him to organize such a collection of unpublished essays.

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Edentulous patients with complaint about mandibular conventional denture might experience poor masticatory function and negative impact of oral health on quality of life. The aim of this controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of mandibular overdenture on oral health-related quality of life and masticatory efficacy in patients wearing mandibular complete dentures. The edentulous patients (n=16) were rehabilitated with new maxillary and mandibular complete dentures and, after 3 months, mandibular overdentures retained by 2 implants (bar-clip system) were fabricated. The Brazilian version of OHIP-Edent questionnaire was used to assess the oral healthrelated quality of life. Masticatory efficacy was evaluated through a colorimetric method with chewing capsules. The mean OHIP-Edent score was 8.5 with conventional dentures and 2.0 with mandibular overdenture, which means a positive impact of oral health on quality of life with overdentures (p=0.001). The mean absorbance for masticatory efficacy was 0.025 for conventional dentures and 0.073 for overdentures. There was statistically significant difference for masticatory efficacy before and after implants rehabilitation (p=0.003). However, there was no correlation between masticatory efficacy and OHIP (p>0.05). So, mandibular overdenture retained by 2 implants improved the quality of life and masticatory efficacy of edentulous patients with complaint about mandibular conventional complete dentures

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

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Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Os rotavírus se constituem nos principais agentes causadores de gastroenterite grave entre crianças com idades inferiores a 5 anos, tanto nos países desenvolvidos quanto naqueles em desenvolvimento, com pico de incidência entre 6 e 24 meses de vida. Em termos globais, estima-se que pelo menos 500.000 óbitos por ano se associem a esse enteropatógeno. Um extenso ensaio clínico de fase 111, randomizado na proporção de 1 :1, controlado por placebo e duplo-cego, envolvendo 11 países da América Latina e a Finlândia se levou a efeito objetivando-se avaliar a eficácia e segurança de uma vacina atenuada, de origem humana, contra rotavírus, denominada RIX4414. Na totalidade, recrutaram-se mais de 63.000 crianças. Em Belém, Pará, tais estudos envolveram 3.218 indivíduos aos quais se administraram duas doses de vacina ou placebo, no segundo e quarto meses de idade. Desse total avaliou-se um subgrupo de 653 crianças quanto à eficácia da vacina, com acompanhamento ao longo de 1 a 2 anos, quando se registraram 37 episódios de GE grave por rotavírus, 75,6% (28/37) dos quais no grupo placebo e 24,3% (9/37) entre os vacinados, daí se inferindo eficácia da vacina de 68,8% (IC95% 32.0-87,0) nos primeiros dois anos de vida. No que se refere à intensidade desses episódios, notou-se maior eficácia contra os classificados como muito graves (escore de Ruuska & Vesikari ≥ 15), alcançando níveis de 83% (IC95% 22-96). No grupo placebo observou-se risco cumulativo, quanto ao desenvolvimento de gastroenterite grave por rotavírus, 4 vezes superior em relação ao vacinado. Quanto aos sorotipos de rotavírus G1 e não-G1, evidenciou-se proteção de 51 % (IC95% -30 - 81) e 82% (IC95% 37-95), respectivamente, denotando-se proteção tanto homotípica quanto heterotípica. De particular relevância se constituiu a proteção frente ao G9 [93% (IC95% 47-99)], dado o caráter emergente global desse sorotipo, além do seu potencial quanto a desencadear quadros diarréicos rotineiramente mais graves. A eficácia da vacina contra episódios de GE de qualquer etiologia alcançou 35,3% (IC95% 11,6-52,9), do que se depreende o expressivo impacto em potencial da vacinação contra rotavírus em termos de saúde pública. No que se refere à segurança desse imunizante, não se observaram diferenças significativas do ponto de vista estatístico, entre os grupos vacina e placebo, no que concerne à ocorrência de eventos adversos graves. Não se registrou qualquer caso de intussuscepção entre os sujeitos participantes, mercê de extensiva vigilância ativa nos hospitais de referência. Os resultados encontrados nesse estudo corroboram os já descritos em ensaios multicêntricos como um todo, em vários continentes, consolidando os indicadores quanto à eficácia e segurança da vacina RIX4414 quando administrada em duas doses a crianças saudáveis.

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O texto discute os muitos significados dados à morte de duas mulheres dos grupos menos abastados em Belém do Pará. Tais mulheres foram assassinadas em momentos distintos e tiveram a história de suas vidas e de suas mortes evocada por literatos, estudiosos da região e na imprensa paraense, como um exemplo a ser seguido por outras mulheres, revelando ideais de fidelidade, casamento, de família, entre outros. Se ainda hoje a força dessas histórias vem à tona com significados diversos, no passado não foi diferente sugerindo os muitos sentidos dados a suas vidas e a suas mortes.