Hydrogeomechanics for rock engineering: coupling subsurface hydrogeomechanical assessement and hydrogeotechnical mapping on fracturated rock masses

The present work aims to achieve and further develop a hydrogeomechanical approach in Caldas da Cavaca hydromineral system rock mass (Aguiar da Beira, NW Portugal), and contribute to a better understanding of the hydrogeological conceptual site model. A collection of several data, namely geology, hydrogeology, rock and soil geotechnics, borehole hydraulics and hydrogeomechanics, was retrieved from three rock slopes (Lagoa, Amores and Cancela). To accomplish a comprehensive analysis and rock engineering conceptualisation of the site, a multi‐technical approach were used, such as, field and laboratory techniques, hydrogeotechnical mapping, hydrogeomechanical zoning and hydrogeomechanical scheme classifications and indexes. In addition, a hydrogeomechanical data analysis and assessment, such as Hydro‐Potential (HP)‐Value technique, JW Joint Water Reduction index, Hydraulic Classification (HC) System were applied on rock slopes. The hydrogeomechanical zone HGMZ 1 of Lagoa slope achieved higher hydraulic conductivities with poorer rock mass quality results, followed by the hydrogeomechanical zone HGMZ 2 of Lagoa slope, with poor to fair rock mass quality and lower hydraulic parameters. In addition, Amores slope had a fair to good rock mass quality and the lowest hydraulic conductivity. The hydrogeomechanical zone HGMZ 3 of Lagoa slope, and the hydrogeomechanical zones HGMZ 1 and HGMZ 2 of Cancela slope had a fair to poor rock mass quality but were completely dry. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) mapping technologies was used in overall hydrogeological and hydrogeomechanical data integration in order to improve the hydrogeological conceptual site model.

Gestão de Afluências Indevidas em Redes de Águas Residuais Urbanas

As afluências indevidas resultantes direta ou indiretamente da precipitação são um dos principais fatores que provocam graves problemas de carácter ambiental, estrutural e económico, no âmbito de um bom funcionamento dos sistemas separativos de saneamento e tratamento de águas residuais urbanas. Ao longo dos anos, com a expansão do serviço de saneamento à população, tem sido reconhecido que os caudais excedentes às redes de drenagem de águas residuais e estações de tratamento são um problema grave e para isso estão a ser criados critérios cada vez mais exigentes no domínio da gestão e operação destes sistemas de saneamento. Para uma melhor compreensão sobre a incidência das afluências indevidas nos sistemas de saneamento e nas estações de tratamento de águas residuais, é necessário realizar estudos de quantificação e caracterização no sistema de esgotos. Com a necessidade de compreender a plenitude e natureza deste problema, tornou-se necessário desenvolver metodologias com o objetivo de melhorar a eficiência e eficácia hidráulica dos sistemas de drenagem e de tratamento. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a análise quantitativa das afluências indevidas, recorrendo a um caso de estudo de uma bacia de drenagem de águas residuais. Para adquirir mais conhecimento sobre o tema foi necessário recolher várias metodologias existentes de maneira a selecionar, estudar e aplicar o método mais vantajoso. Nesta dissertação, foram utilizados dados disponibilizados pela SIMRIA, no que respeita aos caudais de bombagem da estação elevatória a que afluiu a rede em estudo, e pela INDAQUA Feira, no que respeita aos dados de precipitação.

Estações de tratamento de águas residuais: conceitos e dimensionamento

O presente relatório é o corolário do Estágio Curricular que a autora efetuou, durante o segundo semestre do ano letivo de 2014/2015 na SBS – Engenharia Civil, Hidráulica e Ambiente, Lda. Nesta empresa a autora foi integrada na equipa técnica que elaborou um Projeto de Execução para uma Estação de Tratamento de Águas Residuais que irá ser construída em Montemor-o-Novo, tendo-lhe sido atribuídas as seguintes tarefas principais: i) estudo de ferramentas de dimensionamento de ETAR; e ii) estudo dos processos de tratamento de águas residuais a instalar. O tratamento de águas residuais não é matéria que conste do atual Plano de Estudos do Mestrado em Engenharia Civil do ISEP. Este facto, associado à premente necessidade de dar resposta às expectativas da Entidade Acolhedora, obrigou a autora a um esforço de aprendizagem significativo. Nesta fase foi executada uma aprofundada pesquisa bibliográfica que permitiu à autora obter o nível de conhecimentos teóricos necessário para a plena integração na Equipa de Projeto. Já integrada na Equipa de Projeto o primeiro trabalho desenvolvido pela autora foi a análise detalhada do Caderno de Encargos e da respetiva Nota Técnica. Seguidamente a autora participou em todas as fases do Projeto tendo, por isso, colaborado na análise do Estudo Geotécnico, no dimensionamento dos órgãos da ETAR, no cálculo do perfil hidráulico, na definição de formas (plantas e cortes) dos órgãos, na elaboração da Lista de Equipamentos e do Mapa de Quantidades e, por último, na elaboração da Memória Descritiva e Justificativa do Processo de Tratamento e Equipamentos. O Caso Prático incluído no presente documento é, em larga medida, o corolário do processo de aprendizagem de que a autora beneficiou no decorrer do Estágio Curricular. Grande parte das tarefas que a autora executou ao longo da elaboração do projeto relacionaram-se com o dimensionamento dos órgãos da ETAR e com os respetivos cálculos hidráulicos. Os conhecimentos teórico-práticos desta forma adquiridos foram reunidos num conjunto de ferramentas, maioritariamente folhas de cálculo, que se verificou serem úteis nos processos de dimensionamento e de teste de soluções alternativas. É parte integrante deste relatório um capítulo no qual é feita uma detalhada apresentação dos conceitos teóricos subjacentes ao Projeto de ETAR. Este capítulo reflete o estudo que a autora teve necessidade de efetuar antes de se sentir capaz de integrar a Equipa de Projeto.

Estudo sobre viabilidade de produção descentralizada de energia à custa do efeito chaminé

A procura por alternativas ao atual paradigma energético, que se caracteriza por uma predominância indiscutível das fontes combustíveis fósseis, é o motivo primário desta investigação. A energia emitida pelo Sol que chega à Terra diariamente ultrapassa em várias ordens de grandeza a energia que a nossa sociedade atual necessita. O efeito chaminé é uma das formas de aproveitar essa energia. Este efeito tem origem no diferencial de temperaturas existente entre o interior e o exterior de uma chaminé, que provoca um gradiente nas massas volúmicas do fluido entre o interior e o exterior da chaminé, induzindo assim um fluxo de ar. Esta diferença de temperaturas radica na exposição da face exterior da chaminé à radiação solar. No sistema que nos propomos estudar, o ar entra na chaminé por pequenos orifícios situados na sua base, e, ao tomar contacto com as paredes internas da chaminé, aquece desde a temperatura ambiente, Ta, até à temperatura interna, Ti . Este aumento de temperatura torna o ar dentro da chaminé mais “leve” em comparação com o ar mais frio do exterior levando-o a ascender ao longo do interior da chaminé. Este escoamento contém energia cinética que pode, por exemplo, ser transformada em energia elétrica por intermédio de turbinas. A eficiência de conversão da energia será tanto maior quanto menor for a velocidade do ar a jusante da turbina. Esta tecnologia poderá ser instalada de forma descentralizada, como acontece com as atuais centrais concentradoras solares térmicas e fotovoltaicas localizadas na periferia de grandes cidades ou, alternativamente, poderá ser inserida no próprio tecido urbanístico. A investigação demonstra que as dimensões da chaminé, a irradiação e a temperatura do ar são os fatores com maior impacto na potência hidráulica gerada.

Vivências do Quotidiano do Hospital Real de Todos-os-Santos (Lisboa) : os contextos do poço SE do claustro NE

As intervenções arqueológicas concretizadas entre 1999-2001 permitiram o reconhecimento de contextos referentes ao Hospital Real de Todos-os-Santos, nomeadamente o claustro NE, bem como uma estrutura hidráulica no seu perímetro interno. A identificação do espólio cerâmico e vítreo aqui descartado permite, numa primeira fase, a aferição cronológica e tipológica destes e, consequentemente, do perfil funcional (utilitário, de cozinha e medicinal), numa tentativa de padronização do conjunto arte factual no edifício hospitalar e na cidade de Lisboa. Num segundo estágio, pretendese obter uma leitura concreta no que concerne ao período de utilização desta estrutura, indo de encontro às distintas áreas a vigorar no espaço claustral.

Palynology of late-glacial and postglacial sediments in Georgian Bay, Ontario, Canada, as related to the Great Lakes history /

This investigation comprises three parts: (1) the source, mechanism of transport, and distribution of pollen, spores and other palynomorphs in Georgian Bay bottom sediments and a comparison of these data with the contemporary vegetation, (2) the relative significance of fluvial transportation of pollen and spores, and (3) the late- and postglacial history of vegetational and climatic changes in the Georgicin Bay region. Modem pollen and spore assemblages in Georgian Bay do reflect the surrovinding vegetation when preservation and pollen production by the different species are considered and accounted for. Relative pollen percentage and concentration isopoll patterns indicate that rivers contribute large quantities of pollen and spores to Georgian Bay. This is further substantiated by large amounts of pollen and spores which were caught in traps in the Moon, Muskoka, and Nottawasaga Rivers which flow into Georgian Bay. The majority of pollen and spores caught in these traps were washed into the rivers by surface water runoff and so reflect the vegetation of the watershed in a regional sense. In a 12.9 metre long sediment core from northeastern Georgian Bay the relative percentage and absolute pollen concentrations allow correlation of Georgian Bay Lake phases with climatic and forest history. Four distinct pollen zones are distinguished: zone GB IV which is the oldest, reflects the succession from open spruce woodland to boreal forest; zone GB III represents a period of pine-mixed hardwoods forests from about 10,000 to 7,500 years ago. A pine-maplehemlock association dominated in zone GB II, although during the culmination of postglacial warming about 4,000 to 5,000 years ago the Georgian Bay forests had a more deciduous character. Zone GB I clearly shows European man's disturbance of the forest by logging activities.

Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Lower Silurian Grimsby formation, in subsurface, Lake Erie and Southwestern Ontario

Since the first offshore Lake Erie well was drilled in 1941, the Grimsby and Thorold formations of the Cataract Group have been economically important to the oil and gas industry of Ontario. The Cataract Group provides a significant amount of Ontario's gas production primarily from wells located on Lake Erie. The Grimsby - Thorold formations are the result of nearshore estuarine processes influenced by tides on a prograding shelf and are composed of subtidal channel complexes, discrete tidal channels, mud flats and non-marine deposits. Deposition was related to a regressive - transgressive cycle associated with eustatic sea level changes caused by the melting and resurgence of continental glaciation centred in Africa in the Late Ordovician/Early Silurian. Grimsby deposition began during a regression with the deposition of subtidal channel complexes incised into the marine deposits of the Cabot Head Formation. The presence of mud drapes and mud couplets suggest that these deposits were influenced by tides. These deposits dominate the lower half of the Grimsby. Deposition continued with a change from these subtidal channel complexes to laterally migrating, discrete, shallow tidal channels and mud flats. These were in turn overlain by the non-marine deposits of the Thorold Formation. Grimsby - Thorold deposition ended with a major transgression replacing siliciclastic deposition with primarily carbonate deposition. Sediment was sourced from the east and southeast and associated with a continuation of the Taconic Orogeny into the Early Silurian. The fluvial head of the estuary prograded from a shoreline that was located in western New York and western Pennsylvania running NNE-SSW and then turning NW-SE and paralleling the present day Lake Erie shoreline. iii The facies attributed to the Grimsby - Thorold formations can be ascribed to the three zones within the tripartite zonation suggested by Dalrymple et ale (1992) for estuaries, that is, a marine-dominated facies, a mixed energy facies, and a facies that is dominated by fluvial processes. Also, sediments within the Grimsby - Thorold are commonly fining upwards sequences which are common in estuarine settings whereas deltaic deposits are normally composed of coarsening upwards sequences in a vertical wedge shape with coarser material near the head. The only coarsening observed was in the Thorold Formation and attributed to non-marine deposition by palynological evidence. The presence of a lag deposit at the base of the sediments of the Grimsby Thorold formations suggests that they were incised into the Cabot Head Formation. Further, the thickness of Early Silurian sediments located between the top of the Queenston Formation, where Early Silurian sedimentation began, to the top of the Reynales - Irondequoit formation are constant whether the Grimsby - Thorold formations are present or not. Also, cross-sections using a sand body located in the Cabot Head Formation for correlation further imply that the Grimsby Formation has been incised into the previous deposits of the Cabot Head.

Sedimentology of the Sixteen Mile Creek Lagoon, Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, Canada

The effec s of relative water level changes in Lake Ontario were detected in the ysical, chemical and biological characteristics of the sediments of the Fifteen, Sixteen and Twenty Mile Creek lagoonal complexes. Regional environmental changes have occurred resulting in the following sequence of sediments in the three lagoons and marsh. From the base up they are; (I) Till,(2) Pink Clay, (3) Bottom Sand, (4) Gyttja, (5) Orange Sandy Silt, (6) Brown Clay and (7) Gray Clay. The till was only encountered in the marsh and channel; however, it is presumed to occur throughout the entire area. The presence of diatoms and sponge spicules, the vertical and ongitudinal uniformity of the sediment and the stratigr ic position of the Pink Clay indicate that it has a glacial or post-glacial lacustrine origin. Overl ng the Pink Clay or Till is a clayey, silty sand to gravel. The downstream fining and unsorted nature of this material indicate that it has a fluvial/deltaic origin. Water levels began rising in the lagoon 3,250 years ago resulting in the deposition of the Gyttja, a brown, organic-rich silty clay probably deposited in a shallow, stagnant environment as shown by the presence of pyrite in the organic material and relatively high proportions of benthic diatoms and grass pollen. Increase in the rate of deposition of the Gyttja on Twenty Mile Creek and a decrease in the same unit on Sixteen Mile Creek is possibly the result of a capture of the Sixteen Mile Creek by the Twenty Mile Creek. The rise in lake level responsible for the onset and transgression of this III unit may have been produced by isostatic rebound; however, the deposition also corresponds closely to a drop in the level of Lake Huron and increased flow through the lower lakes. The o ange Sandy Silt, present only in the marsh, appears to be a buried soil horizon as shown by oxidized roots, and may be the upland equivalant to the Gyttja. Additional deepening resulted in the deposition of Brown Clay, a unit which only occurs at the lakeward end of the three lagoons. The decrease in grass pollen and the relatively high proportion of pelagic diatoms are evidence for this. The deepening may be the result of isostatic rebound; however, the onset of its deposition at 1640 years B.P. is synchronous in the three lagoons and corresponds to the end of the subAtlantic climatic episode. The effects of the climatic change in southern Ontario is uncertain. Average deposition rates of the Brown Clay are similar to those in the upper Gyttja on Sixteen Mile Creek; however, Twenty Mile Creek shows lower rates of the Brown Clay than those in the upper Gyttja. The Gray Clay covers the present bottom of the three lagoons and also occurs in the marsh It is inter1aminated wi sand in the channels. Increases in the rates of deposi ion, high concentrations of Ca and Zn, an Ambrosia rise, and an increase in bioturbation possibly due to the activities of the carp, indicate th this unit is a recent deposit resulting from the activities of man.

The sedimentology of the lower Silurian whirlpool sandstone in subsurface Lake Erie, Ontario

The lower Silurian Whirlpool Sandstone is composed of two main units: a fluvial unit and an estuarine to transitional marine unit. The lowermost unit is made up of sandy braided fluvial deposits, in shallow valleys, that flowed towards the northwest. The fluvial channels are largely filled by cross-bedded, well sorted, quartzose sands, with little ripple crosslaminated or overbank shales. Erosionally overlying this lower unit are brackish water to marine deposits. In the east, this unit consists of estuarine channels and tidal flat deposits. The channels consist of fluvial sands at the base, changing upwards into brackish and tidally influenced channelized sandstones and shales. The estuarine channels flowed to the southwest. Westwards, the unit contains backbarrier facies with extensive washover deposits. Separating the backbarrier facies from shoreface sandstone facies to the west, are barrier island sands represented by barrier-foreshore facies. The barrier islands are dissected by tidal inlets characterized by fining upward abandonment sequences. Inlet deposits are also present west of the barrier island, abandoned by transgression on the shoreface. The sandy marine deposits are replaced to the west by carbonates of the Manitoulin Limestone. During the latest Ordovician, a hiatus in crustal loading during the Taconic Orogeny led to erosional offloading and crustal rebound, the eroded material distributed towards the west, northwest and north as the terrestrial deposits of the fluvial Whirlpool. The "anti-peripheral bulge" of the rebound interfered with the peripheral bulge of the Michigan Basin, nulling the Algonquin Arch, and allowing the detritus of the fluvial Whirlpool to spread onto the Algonquin Arch. The Taconic Orogeny resumed in the earliest Silurian with crustal loading to the south and southeast, and causing tilting of the surface slope in subsurface Lake Erie towards the ii southwest. Lowstand terrestrial deposits were scoured into the new slope. The new crustal loading also reactivated the peripheral bulge of the Appalachian Basin, allowing it to interact with the bulge of the Michigan Basin, raising the Algonquin Arch. The crustal loading depressed the Appalachian basin and allowed transgression to occur. The renewed Algonquin Arch allowed the early Silurian transgression to proceed up two slopes, one to the east and one to the west. The transgression to the east entered the lowstand valleys and created the estuarine Whirlpool. The rising arch caused progradation of the Manitoulin carbonates upon shoreface facies of the Whirlpool Sandstone and upon offshore facies of the Cabot Head Formation. Further crustal loading caused basin subsidence and rapid transgression, abandoning the Whirlpool estuary in an offshore setting.

Sistemas de potencia oleohidráulica

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Mecánica con Especialidad en Térmica y Fluidos) UANL

Investigación análisis y desarrollo de un manual para el diseño de un sistema oleodinámico

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Mecánica con Especialidad en Térmica y Fluidos) UANL

Investigación, análisis y desarrollo de un manual para el diseño de un sistema oleodinámico

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Mecánica con Especialidad en Térmica y Fluidos) UANL

Mejoramiento de eficiencia del floculador de paletas de eje horizontal, mediante cambio a un sistema hidráulico de flujo vertical en la Potabilizadora Centro de la Ciudad de Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Ingeniería Ambiental) UANL

Estudio del salto hidráulico como unidad de mezcla rápida

Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias con especialidad en Ingeniería Ambiental) U.A.N.L.

Apuntes del curso HEC-RAS

UANL