869 resultados para Goats - Body composition
Resumo:
Objetivo: Determinar la distribución por percentiles de la circunferencia de cintura en una población escolar de Bogotá, Colombia, pertenecientes al estudio FUPRECOL. Métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado en 3.005 niños y 2.916 adolescentes de entre 9 y 17,9 años de edad, de Bogotá, Colombia. Se tomaron medidas de peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura, circunferencia de cadera y estado de maduración sexual por auto-reporte. Se calcularon los percentiles (P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90 y P97) y curvas centiles según sexo y edad. Se realizó una comparación entre los valores de la circunferencia de cintura observados con estándares internacionales. Resultados: De la población general (n=5.921), el 57,0% eran chicas (promedio de edad 12,7±2,3 años). En la mayoría de los grupos etáreos la circunferencia de cintura de las chicas fue inferior a la de los chicos. El aumento entre el P50-P97 de la circunferencia de cintura , por edad, fue mínimo de 15,7 cm en chicos de 9-9.9 años y de 16,0 cm en las chicas de 11-11.9 años. Al comparar los resultados de este estudio, por grupos de edad y sexo, con trabajos internacionales de niños y adolescentes, el P50 fue inferior al reportado en Perú e Inglaterra a excepción de los trabajos de la India, Venezuela (Mérida), Estados Unidos y España. Conclusiones: Se presentan percentiles de la circunferencia de cintura según edad y sexo que podrán ser usados de referencia en la evaluación del estado nutricional y en la predicción del riesgo cardiovascular desde edades tempranas.
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O acompanhamento do perfil da composição corporal e identificar o rápido aumento da obesidade infantil é um fator que se preocupa por esta associado a vários distúrbios metabólicos, além de ser um fator da obesidade na vida adulta. O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a composição corporal de crianças escolares de 8 a 10 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, matriculados na rede pública e privada da cidade de Riachão do Bacamarte PB. Neste sentido, esta investigação foi de caráter descritivo, abordagem transversal, envolvendo variáveis antropométricas e do IMC, que procurou traduzir a relação entre estas variáveis e o estado físico de crianças das redes públicas e privadas de ensino fundamental. A amostra consistiu por 111 crianças, com idade entre 08 e 10 anos, dos quais 60,4 % (n=67) masculino e 39,6% (n=44) feminino, de 3ªs e 4ªs séries das escolas públicas e privadas da cidade de Riachão do Bacamarte – PB, cujo critério mínimo de inclusão que elas fornecessem ensino fundamental, em virtude da amplitude da faixa etária a ser estudada. Foram realizadas medidas antropométricas como massa corporal (MC), estatura (ES), (IMC) Índice de Massa Corporal e percentual de Gordura. De posse deses dados, foram calculados as possíveis diferenças do índice de massa corporal (IMC) e % de gordura (MG) entre os gêneros, realizou-se uma correlação entre idade (meses) com IMC e (MG), e analisou-se as diferenças do IMC e % Massa Gorda entre as escolas públicas e privadas. Mediante a análise dos resultados constatou-se que a maior parte das crianças avaliadas apresenta-se com o IMC (kg/m2) e % de gordura dentro dos padrões esperados, embora que as meninas apresentaram valores mais elevados. Outros resultados encontrados no presente estudo foi em relação a correlação entre a idade com IMC e % de Gordura, onde houve uma associação positiva estatisticamente significativa ao contrario que demostrou a média entre as escolas tanto no IMC e o % de gordura não demostrando diferença estatisticamente significativa. Diante disso, sugerimos implementação de ações de promoção da saúde na ambiente escolar
Resumo:
RESUMO: O estágio contemplou a preparação e implementação de um programa, programa de Tratamento da Obesidade Pediátrica (TOP), direcionado para a redução da obesidade dos adolescentes. Foi desenvolvido num contexto clínico e teve o envolvimento de uma equipa multidisciplinar. Existiu um trabalho inicial ao nível da consulta de obesidade, no Hospital de Santa Maria, onde se procedeu ao recrutamento dos participantes. Seguidamente, foram dinamizadas sessões interativas, com exercício físico, com os adolescentes participantes, na Faculdade, no âmbito de um projeto de intervenção, que teve uma duração de seis meses, tendo tido início em janeiro de 2011 e terminado em junho de 2011. A componente científica esteve presente no estágio através da avaliação objetiva do impacte da implementação do programa TOP. No presente estudo, foi avaliado o impacte nos hábitos sedentários dos adolescentes e como objetivo secundário, pretendeu-se analisar a associação entre as atividades sedentárias e a composição corporal. Os resultados do estudo indicam uma descida significativa do peso e de todos os perímetros corporais dos participantes na amostra, bem como do tempo sedentário avaliado por acelerometria, do início para o final da intervenção. Não existiram correlações entre as alterações da composição corporal e as modificações do comportamento sedentário. ABSTRACT: The training incorporated the preparation and the implementation of an exercise program — program Tratamento da Obesidade Pediátrica (TOP) — focused on the decreasing of adolescence obesity. It was developed in a clinic context and it had the involvement of a multidisciplinary team. The work began in Hospital de Santa Maria with the obesity appointment where the participants were recruited. After, the intervention was developed in the Faculty with exercise sessions. The intervention had duration of six months. It began on January and finished on June, in year 2011. The training had a scientific character through the objetive evaluation of the implementation’s impact of the program TOP. This study analysed the impact on sedentary behavior in obese adolescents. Its secondary goal was to analyse the association between the sedentary activities and the body composition. This study’s results demonstrate that the weight and all the circumferences decreased significantly in sample’s participants, as well the sedentary time estimated by accelerometry, in response to the exercise program. There were not correlations between the alterations of the body composition and the modifications of the sedentary behavior.
Resumo:
RESUMO: A principal razão que me levou a escolher este estágio e esta intervenção, foi o facto de gostar muito de trabalhar com jovens. Esse gosto, aliado à paixão que tenho pelo exercício e saúde, trouxe-me para um projecto que visa alterar e promover estilos de vida saudáveis em jovens obesos com idades entre os 12 e os 16 anos de idade. O estágio teve a duração de 10 meses, de Outubro de 2010 a Julho de 2011. Começamos com a definição dos protocolos a implementar e das tarefas a realizar. A primeira dessas tarefas, centrava-se no recrutamento da amostra que pretendíamos para desenvolver o estudo. Paralelamente ao projecto TOP, colaborámos também nas consultas de obesidade pediátrica no Hospital de Santa Maria, o que nos permitiu recrutar jovens que iam às consultas e incluí-los no projecto TOP. Após termos efectuado o recrutamento, começámos com as aulas práticas e teóricas. Essas aulas ocorriam na Universidade Lusófona, todos os sábados, das 10 às 12 horas. Eram sempre da nossa responsabilidade as aulas práticas, e as teóricas quando se falava de exercício. Nas aulas práticas realizavam-se circuitos, jogos tradicionais, jogos colectivos, e jogos que promovessem a competição saudável e a inter-ajuda, visto que ali todos os participantes tinham um objectivo comum. Durante o ano foram realizadas duas colónias de férias, onde organizámos outro tipo de actividades, nomeadamente mini-golf e caminhadas na zona do Jamor. Tanto as colónias de férias, como as avaliações eram da nossa inteira responsabilidade, desde a preparação, à execução e realização das mesmas. De referir que, tendo em conta os resutados obtidos, os participantes que melhoraram na sua capacidade cardiovascular apresentaram igualmente melhoras ao nível da composição corporal, nomeadamente com a diminuição do perímetro da anca e do perímetro acima das cristas ilíacas. Importa ainda referir que ocorreram melhorias significativas (p <0,05) ao nível da composição corporal, no que se refere ao perímetro da meia distância entre a grelha costal e as cristas ilíacas, no teste da flexibilidade dos membros inferiores e na força média. Os objectivos do estágio centravam-se em adquirir competências no que diz respeito a conhecer as características da população alvo tanto das consultas como do programa TOP, saber aplicar as recomendações internacionais de actividade física para adolescentes obesos, ser capaz de adaptar a prescrição de exercício às diferentes necessidades dos adolescentes, planear e colocar em prática os planos de aula da componente física do TOP, conduzir de forma autónoma uma consulta de avaliação e aconselhamento físico, interagir em contexto clínico com especialidades de outras áreas de intervenção, planear e implementar a calendarização das sessões teórico-práticas do Projecto TOP, saber colaborar com uma equipa multidisciplinar num ambiente clínico e colaborar na intervenção e elaboração de um projecto científico. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que uma replicação futura deste projecto, tendo em conta sempre limitações que possam ocorrer, por exemplo, ao nível dos protocolos e testes, pode melhorar a qualidade de vida do adolescente, com vista a um futuro adulto mais saudável.ABSTRACT: The main reason that made me decide on this internship is the fact that I enjoy working with young people. This, combined with the passion I have for exercising and health, led me to a project aiming at changing lifestyles by promoting a healthy lifestyle among obese young people aged between 12 and 16 years old. The internship lasted for 10 months, from October 2010 to July 2011. We started with the definition of protocols to implement and carry out the POT project (Pediatric Obesity Treatment). The first task focused on the recruitment of the sample we needed to conduct the study for this project. Along with the POT project, we‟ve also collaborated in clinical pediatric obesity surgery in Santa Maria Hospital, which allowed us to recruit young people who came to surgery and include them in the sample. After having carried out the recruitment, we started with the practical and theoretical lessons. These lessons took place at the Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (ULHT) every month on Saturdays from 10 to 12. It was always our responsibility to prepare and present both the physical lessons and the theoretical ones concerning advice on everyday exercising. During practical lessons, circuits, traditional games and team games were held in order to promote a healthy competition and mutual help, since all the participants had a common goal. During the year there were two holiday camps, where we did many more activities, including mini-golf and walking in the area of Jamor. In those camps, all activities and evaluation sessions were our responsibility. By analysing the results we came to the conclusion that the participants who improved their cardiovascular capacity also improved their body composition, particularly with the reduction of the hip circumference and the circumference above the iliac crests. It should also be noted that significant improvements (p <0.05) in terms of body composition occurred namely concerning the circumference of the half distance between the rib cage and the iliac crests, the test of lower limbs flexibility and average strength. The objectives of the internship were to develop the ability to understand the characteristics of the adolescents in the POT project, know how to apply international recommendations for physical activity for obese adolescents, being able to individualize the exercise prescription for the different needs of adolescents, plan and implement physical and theorical lessons, conduct an independent surgery with a physical evaluation and counseling, interact in the context of other clinical speciality areas, plan and implement the scheduling of theoretical-practical sessions, learn how to collaborate with a multidisciplinary team in a clinical setting, intervene and collaborate in the development of a scientific project. The results show that a future replication of this project, always taking into account constraints that may occur, for example, the ones concerning the protocols, the testing, can improve the quality of life of adolescents aiming to a healthier adult life.
Resumo:
RESUMO: O objectivo deste estágio é desenvolver competências de promoção de estilos de vida saudável através da actividade física em adolescentes obesos integrados no programa de Tratamento da Obesidade Pediátrica (TOP). A estrutura do relatório de estágio está dividida em quatro grandes pontos: Introdução geral, no qual vamos descrever os objectivos de estágio, a pertinência da nossa intervenção neste tema e ainda a motivação que levou a querer escolher este tema e este estágio; Revisão sistemática da literatura, em que fomos estudar e analisar os diferentes tipos de metodologias e intervenções aplicados em diversos estudos sobre o tema; Intervenção de estágio, no qual vamos descrever todo o nosso processo de estágio e programa de intervenção na população em estudo, fazendo uma caracterização de todos os procedimentos, analisando e descrevendo os resultados obtidos com os participantes no programa; Discussão geral, e neste ultimo ponto vamos fazer um balanço geral do estágio, ou seja, verificar que objectivos cumpridos, referir os aspectos mais importantes do estágio e limitações e constrangimentos que nos fomos deparando ao longo do mesmo e ainda as estratégias utilizadas para contrariar as mesmas, fazendo uma conclusão destes aspectos. ABSTRACT: The purpose of this internship is to develop skills to promote healthy lifestyles through physical activity in obese adolescents included in the program of treatment of pediatric obesity(TOP). The structure of the internship report is divided into four major sections: General introduction, in which we will describe the objectives of internship, the relevance of our intervention in this topic and even the motivation to want to choose this theme and this internship; Systematic review of the literature, in which we study and analyze different types of interventions and methodologies applied in several studies on the subject; Internship intervention, in which we will describe our whole process of training and intervention program in the study population, making a characterization of all procedures, analyzing and describing the results obtained from participants in the program; General discussion, and this last point we will make a general assessment of the internship, this is, to check that objectives met, state the most important aspects of internship and limitations and constraints which we have faced over the same and also the strategies used to counter the same, making a conclusion of these aspects.
Resumo:
Considerando que a prática de exercício físico com uma intensidade pelo menos moderada melhora a capacidade funcional (Maines et al., 1997; Clara et al., 2002; Olney et al., 2006), a qualidade de vida (Leal et al., 2005; Azevedo & Leal, 2009; Flynn et al., 2009) e diminui os fatores de risco coronários (Maines et al., 1997; Squires & Hamm, 2007; Perk, 2009; Pimenta, 2010), propõe-se com o presente estudo analisar o efeito do exercício físico supervisionado, em fase ambulatório precoce, realizada na comunidade, ao nível da recuperação de doentes cardíacos. Método: Aplicar-se-á um estudo experimental, em doentes cardíacos de ambos os sexos, entre os 28 e os 80 anos. Atribuir-se-á particular ênfase às alterações induzidas pela aplicação do programa de exercício físico nos parâmetros bioquímicos (colesterol total, C-LDL, C-HDL, triglicéridos e glicose), na composição corporal (peso, índice de massa corporal, perímetro da cintura), na capacidade funcional (consumo de oxigénio pico –V02 pico, equivalente metabólico, duplo produto), no nível de atividade física, na ingestão alimentar e na qualidade de vida. O estudo terá uma duração superior a três meses, comparando dois grupos, um grupo submetido ao exercício físico supervisionado (ES) e outro aos cuidados usuais (CU), os quais serão alvo de duas avaliações (inicial e final), avaliando-se a média e o desvio-padrão para todas as variáveis em estudo e recorrendo-se aos testes não paramétricos e paramétricos, para um nível de significância de p< .05. Resultados: Foram elegidos 52 doentes, sendo que 22 participaram no grupo cuidados usuais (CU) e 30 no grupo exercício físico supervisionado (ES), observando-se que o grupo ES apresentou melhorias mais acentuadas quando comparadas com o grupo CU, ao nível dos seguintes indicadores: dispêndio de kcal/semana (+697.22% vs +320.20%); PC (-3.19% vs +5.85%); CT (-23.92% vs -9.29%), C-LDL (-32.52% vs -8.92%); total de kcal/dia ingeridas (-33,31% vs -2.58%); VO2 pico (+30.88% vs -3.57%); qualidade de vida geral (+53.86% vs +2.96%). Conclusão: Concluindo que o exercício físico multicomponente, inserido na fase de ambulatório precoce na comunidade, potencia a recuperação de doentes cardíacos influenciando positivamente os fatores de risco de progressão da doença coronária, a capacidade funcional e a qualidade de vida fundamentais para que o doente possa, pelos seus próprios meios, retomar a sua vida na comunidade.
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Introdução: Uma dieta do tipo mediterrânico associada a exercício físico pode ser uma estratégia eficaz na prevenção da obesidade e de co-morbilidades associadas. Objectivo: Este estudo pretendeu determinar a associação entre um programa de intervenção, constituído por uma dieta do tipo mediterrânico e exercício físico, com alterações em variáveis de composição corporal e metabólicas. Método: 12 mulheres e homens sedentários (32,5±8,74 anos, 1,69±0,11 cm), com excesso de peso (81,9±18,1 kg, 28,5±5,45 kg/m2, 36,1±8,56 % massa gorda) participaram num programa de intervenção de 12 semanas. Foi realizada avaliação da composição corporal, do dispêndio energético, da ingestão energética e de níveis séricos de lípidos em jejum. As sessões de nutrição foram realizadas semanalmente e a dieta apresentou uma distribuição de macronutrientes correspondente a 40-45% de hidratos de carbono, 15-20% de proteína e 30-35% de lípidos. As sessões de exercício foram realizadas 3 vezes por semana, com prescrição para as componentes cardiovascular e de força. Resultados: Os participantes tiveram alterações significativas nas variáveis de peso, perímetro da cintura, massa gorda, dispêndio energético e níveis séricos de colesterol e triglicéridos (p<0,05). A distribuição de macronutrientes da dieta não se alterou com a intervenção alimentar, contudo, o aumento significativo do consumo de PUFA’s revelou-se associado a menores valores de massa gorda e a maiores diferenças nos níveis de triglicéridos (p<0,05). Conclusão: O dispêndio calórico e o consumo de PUFA’s revelaram estar associados a melhorias da composição corporal (massa gorda). Este estudo também conduziu à melhoria das concentrações de colesterol e triglicéridos. No entanto, as melhorias nas concentrações de triglicéridos associaram-se apenas à dieta.
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There has been increasing interest in health benefits of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) based on findings with laboratory animals. Some human studies have also suggested health benefits of CLA, but because of the mixes used these could not be readily associated with a particular isomer of CLA. A recent study examined the separate effects of near-pure cis-9,trans-11 CLA (c9,t11 CLA) or trans-10,cis-12 CLA (t10,c12 CLA) on health-related outcomes in healthy young males. The CLA isomers were provided in capsules and at three doses (up to about 2.5 g/day) each for 8 weeks. Both c9,t11 and t10,c12 CLA were incorporated in a dose–response fashion into blood lipids and cells. At the doses and durations used, neither isomer of CLA affected bodyweight, body mass index or body composition, insulin sensitivity, immune function or markers of inflammation. However, at the doses and durations used, c9,t11 and t10,c12 CLA had opposing effects on blood lipid concentrations. Altered dairy cow-feeding practices were used to produce c9,t11 CLA-rich milk and, from this ultra heat-treated milk, cheese and butter were produced. The milk and the dairy products made from it had ninefold higher contents of c9,t11 CLA, higher contents of n-3 fatty acids and lower contents of total fat and of saturated fatty acids. They also contained much higher contents of trans-vaccenic acid (tVA). The modified dairy products were used in a 6-week controlled dietary intervention study in healthy middle-aged males. c9,t11 CLA and tVA were incorporated from dairy products into blood lipids and cells. Consumption of the CLA-rich (and tVA-rich) dairy products did not affect bodyweight or body mass index, insulin sensitivity or inflammatory markers. However, there were some detrimental effects on blood lipids. These effects may be due to tVA rather than to c9,t11 CLA, as they are consistent with the effects of trans fatty acids and not consistent with the effects of c9,t11 CLA identified in the earlier study with c9,t11 CLA in capsules.
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Purpose of review: This review critically evaluates studies investigating the effects of conjugated linoleic acid on human health, including effects on body composition, blood lipids, liver metabolism, insulin sensitivity and immune function. It focuses mainly on human intervention studies, but includes some reference to animal and cellular studies which provide insight into potential molecular mechanisms of action of conjugated linoleic acid. Recent findings: Human studies continue to report inconsistent effects of conjugated linoleic acid on human health. Some of these reports are based on overinterpretation of marginal effects of supplementation. Recent data suggest that the effects of the substance may be isomer dependent and that cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acids have opposing effects on blood lipids and on metabolism in adipocytes and hepatic cells. Summary: Claims that conjugated linoleic acid is beneficial for health remain as yet unconvincing. Human studies investigating the effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplements have tended to use mixtures of isomers and have been inconsistent. More recent studies have attempted to use relatively pure preparations of single isomers and these studies suggest that the effects of conjugated linoleic acid may be isomer-specific. These recent data suggest a relative detrimental effect of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on blood lipids. There appears to be little effect of conjugated linoleic acid on immune function and the effects on insulin sensitivity remain unclear.
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Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid. CLA has received considerable attention as a result of animal experiments that report anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherogenic and anti-diabetic properties, and modulation of body composition and immune function. Several studies of CLA supplementation in human subjects have now been published, but in contrast to animal studies there has been marked variation between reports on the health-related outcomes. The consensus from seventeen published studies in human subjects is that CLA does not affect body weight or body composition. Some detrimental effects of the trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomer have also been reported in terms of altered blood lipid composition and impaired insulin sensitivity. Finally, CLA has only limited effects on immune functions in man. However, there have been reports of some interesting isomer-specific effects of CLA on the blood lipid profile, but not on immune function. These isomer-specific effects need further investigation. Until more is known, CLA supplementation in man should be considered with caution.
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Background: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is reported to have weight-reducing and antiatherogenic properties when fed to laboratory animals. However, the effects of CLA on human health and, in particular, the effects of individual CLA isomers are unclear. Objective: This study investigated the effects of 3 doses of highly enriched cis-9,trans-11 (0.59, 1.19, and 2.38 g/d) or trans-10,cis-12 (0.63, 1.26, and 2.52 g/d) CLA preparations on body composition, blood lipid profile, and markers of insulin resistance in healthy men. Design: Healthy men consumed 1, 2, and 4 capsules sequentially, containing either 80% cis-9,trans-11 CLA or 80% trans-10,cis-12 CLA for consecutive 8-wk periods. This phase was followed by a 6-wk washout and a crossover to the other isomer. Results: Body composition was not significantly affected by either isomer of CLA. Mean plasma triacylglycerol concentration was higher during supplementation with trans-10,cis-12 CLA than during that with cis-9,trans-11 CLA, although there was no influence of dose. There were significant effects of both isomer and dose on plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations but not on HDL-cholesterol concentration. The ratios of LDL to HDL cholesterol and of total to HDL cholesterol were higher during supplementation with trans-10,cis-12 CLA than during that with cis-9,trans-11 CLA. CLA supplementation had no significant effect on plasma insulin concentration, homeostasis model for insulin resistance, or revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Conclusion: Divergent effects of cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans10,cis-12 CLA appear on the blood lipid profile in healthy humans: trans-10,cis-12 CLA increases LDL:HDL cholesterol and total:HDL cholesterol, whereas cis-9,trans-11 CLA decreases them.
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Most of the human population in the western world has access to unlimited calories and leads an increasingly sedentary lifestyle. The propensity to undertake voluntary exercise or indulge in spontaneous physical exercise, which might be termed "exercise salience", is drawing increased scientific attention. Despite its genetic aspects, this complex behaviour is clearly modulated by the environment and influenced by physiological states. Inflammation is often overlooked as one of these conditions even though it is known to induce a state of reduced mobility. Chronic subclinical inflammation is associated with the metabolic syndrome; a largely lifestyle-induced disease which can lead to decreased exercise salience. The result is a vicious cycle that increases oxidative stress and reduces metabolic flexibility and perpetuates the disease state. In contrast, hormetic stimuli can induce an anti-inflammatory phenotype, thereby enhancing exercise salience, leading to greater biological fitness and improved functional longevity. One general consequence of hormesis is upregulation of mitochondrial function and resistance to oxidative stress. Examples of hormetic factors include calorie restriction, extreme environmental temperatures, physical activity and polyphenols. The hormetic modulation of inflammation, and thus, exercise salience, may help to explain the highly heterogeneous expression of voluntary exercise behaviour and therefore body composition phenotypes of humans living in similar obesogenic environments.
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The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) improved HIV infection prognosis. However, adverse metabolic and morphologic effects emerged, highlighting a lack of investigation into the role of nutritional interventions among this population. The present study evaluated the impact of a nutritional counseling program on prevention of morphologic and metabolic changes in patients living with HIV/AIDS receiving HAART. A 12-month randomized clinical trial was conducted with 53 adults of both genders in use of HAART. Subjects were allocated to either an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG). Nutritional counseling was based on the promotion of a healthy diet pattern. Anthropometrical, biochemical, blood pressure, and food intake variables were assessed on four separate occasions. Sub scapular skin-fold results showed a significant tendency for increase between time 1 (Mean IG = 14.9 mm; CG = 13.6 mm), time 3 (Mean IG = 16.7 mm; CG = 18.2 mm), and time 4 (Mean IG = 16.4 mm; CG = 17.7 mm). Lipid percentage intake presented a greater increase among controls (time 1 mean = 26.3%, time 4 mean = 29.6%) than among IG subjects (time 1 mean = 29.1%, time 4 mean = 28.9%). Moreover, participants allocated to the IG presented an increase in dietetic fiber intake of almost 10 grams. The proposed nutritional counseling program proved to be effective in improving diet by reducing fat consumption and increasing fiber intake.
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Calcium and vitamin D are essential nutrients for bone metabolism Vitamin D can either be obtained from dietary sources or cutaneous synthesis. The study was conducted in subtropic weather; therefore, some might believe that the levels of solar radiation would be sufficient in this area. To evaluate calcium and vitamin D supplementation in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis living in a sunny country. A 3-month controlled clinical trial with 64 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, mean age 62 +/- A 8 years. They were randomly assigned to either the supplement group, who received 1,200 mg of calcium carbonate and 400 IU (10 mu g) of vitamin D(3,) or the control group. Dietary intake assessment was performed, bone mineral density and body composition were measured, and biochemical markers of bone metabolism were analyzed. Considering all participants at baseline, serum vitamin D was under 75 nmol/l in 91.4% of the participants. The concentration of serum 25(OH)D increased significantly (p = 0.023) after 3 months of supplementation from 46.67 +/- A 13.97 to 59.47 +/- A 17.50 nmol/l. However, the dose given was limited in effect, and 86.2% of the supplement group did not reach optimal levels of 25(OH)D. Parathyroid hormone was elevated in 22.4% of the study group. After the intervention period, mean parathyroid hormone tended to decrease in the supplement group (p = 0.063). The dose given (400 IU/day) was not enough to achieve 25(OH)D concentration, considered optimal for bone health.
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Objective: We evaluated the relation between overweight and calcium intake in adults living in the municipality of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional population-based Study on a sample of 1459 adults that was obtained by multistage cluster sampling. Dietary intake was measured by the 24-h recall method. Poisson`s and linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relation between overweight and quartiles of calcium intake adjusted for energy. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 43.1% and the average adjusted calcium intake was 448.6 mg. In the linear regression. analyses, the regression coefficient for adjusted calcium was significant and negative (P = 0.019, beta(1) = -0.0001). Although evaluated by quartiles, the prevalence ratio for overweight in the first quartile of calcium intake was 1.24 (95% confidence interval 1.00-1.54) and that in the second quartile was 1.24 (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.49). Conclusion: In the present study, calcium intake showed a significant negative association with body mass index. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.