Care to mastectomy with axillary lymphadenectomy, lymphedema prevention: An integrative review

Objective: to examine the care provided to women affected by breast cancer and who has performed axillary lymphadenectomy. Method: integrative review conducted in the databases LILACS and PubMed between 2000 and 2012, leaving the question << What care is provided to prevent lymphedema in women who underwent lymphadenectomy? >> Resulting in 18 articles, analyzed under the following variables: author, title, methodology, year, journal, goal, prevention and control of lymphedema therapies and adherence to rehabilitation. Results: three categories are identified for rehabilitation of patient: prevention and control, therapies and adherence. Conclusion: preoperative is poorly addressed by; emphasizes the importance of home visits as part of rehabilitation, which is effective with the accession of the patient who needs information for its follow-up, no need for a guideline for this type treatment.

O contexto de indexação para catalogação de livros usando uma abordagem sociognitiva

We evaluated study of the indexing process in the cataloging at university libraries, using a socio-cognitive approach to analyze procedures, difficulties and perceptions of librarians, users, and managers. The methodology consisted of the Individual and Group Verbal Protocols applied in university libraries. The results were the absence of procedures for book subject analysis and representation, incompatibility of indexing language, and problems of subject retrieval from the catalog. We have concluded that is tendency of catalogs to act as databases. Therefore, the cataloguer should present a posture of commitment similar to that of an indexer who works in the production of these bases.

Integrative aspects of the relationship between stress and heart rate variability

The literature indicates stress as a response of the organism to a stimulation that requires enormous efforts to adapt to the changes in the environment and the body. When an individual is subjected to stress, the autonomic nervous system is triggered, the sympathetic pathway is activated, and the parasympathetic system is suppressed, which exerts several effects on the cardiovascular system and affects heart rate variability. This research aimed to conduct a literature review to find and analyze the studies that address clearly the implications of stress on heart rate variability. The methodology employed was an active search in the databases SciELO, PubMed and Lilacs. The results were five articles, most of which suggest a relationship between stress and heart rate variability. We observed that the majority of the studies indicated a strong association between stress and cardiac autonomic activity. The stress is present in the daily activities of the population, especially in labor. The subject is vast, however, were observed in the references the effects of stress on the body making it vulnerable to diseases. Thus, this information may contribute to the aid of preventive strategies against stress and diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Modelos de recuperação de informação e web semântica: a questão da relevância

Introduction: In the Web environment, there is a need for greater care with regard to the processing of descriptive and thematic information. The concern with the recovery of information in computer systems precedes the development of the first personal computers. Models of information retrieval have been and are today widely used in databases specific to a field whose scope is known. Objectives: Verify how the issue of relevance is treated in the main computer models of information retrieval and, especially, as the issue is addressed in the future of the Web, the called Semantic Web. Methodology: Bibliographical research. Results: In the classical models studied here, it was realized that the main concern is retrieving documents whose description is closest to the search expression used by the user, which does not necessarily imply that this really needs. In semantic retrieval is the use of ontologies, feature that extends the user's search for a wider range of possible relevant options. Conclusions: The relevance is a subjective judgment and inherent to the user, it will depend on the interaction with the system and especially the fact that he expects to recover in your search. Systems that are based on a model of relevance are not popular, because it requires greater interaction and depend on the user's disposal. The Semantic Web is so far the initiative more efficient in the case of information retrieval in the digital environment.

O impacto do Método Mãe Canguru no processo de aprendizagem de prematuros de baixo peso: Revisão da literatura

Technology advances and scientific studies in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) have contributed significantly to reduce mortality and morbidity of at-risk newborns (NB). However, they are more likely to present neurological and/or developmental psychomotor delay with neurological and sensory alterations. Therefore, proposals for neonatal intervention were developed with the aim of protecting the baby and offering appropriate incentives to minimize the effects of hospital intervention. To this end, programs of protective measures such as the Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) were developed. Given the relevance of the issue described, this systematic review critically appraises articles from the national and international literature, published in recent years (from 2000 to 2011), that describe whether the KMC can be a protective factor for the development of writing in premature infants. The textual search was conducted using the Virtual Health Library (VHL), a website that covers publications worldwide, allowing access to articles from health science, including LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and SciELO, as database. The findings revealed that infants who participated in the KMC program showed improvements in their development and that factors such as low-birth-weight prematurity and learning disorders have close relationship with the onset of motor impairments and changes in psychomotor development. The findings showed no articles describing the KMC as a protective factor for the incidence of dysgraphia. Thus, we emphasize the importance of conducting further studies on these topics.

Efeitos da Ventilação Mecânica não Invasiva sobre a Modulação Autonômica Cardíaca

This review is intended to gather together recent studies that explore the effects of different types of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) on the autonomic nervous system, assessed through heart rate variability (HRV). A search for papers was conducted in the PubMed, PEDro, SciELO and Lilacs databases with the following descriptors: noninvasive ventilation, CPAP ventilation, intermittent positive pressure breathing and autonomic nervous system, for the period between 2008 and 2012. After eliminating papers not addressing the topic, we selected six studies, of which five applied NIV in CPAP mode and one used biphasic positive airway pressure. In general, the findings suggest that NIV promotes changes in autonomic modulation that are dependent on the conditions of the subjects analyzed and the time when these rates are assessed, meaning acute or long-term effects.

Arquivo e literatura: perspectivas de acesso e difusão da memória literária no Brasil

Besides storing, the culture and science institutions in charge of the of Brazilian writers’ personal archives play such an important role on the organization and representation of the country’s literary information. In general, the target public for these collections is composed by researchers from the field of Literature once the documents produced by the writers throughout his/her life and career constitute primary research source for the artistic, historical and literary investigation. However, it is still convenient to stand out those users with no academic instruction, whose interest in such collections is justified by their looking up to the individual. In this sense, literary memory places, such as the Brazilian Literature Archive Museum – AMLB (RJ) -, the Brazilian Literature Academy – ABL – (RJ) and the Brazilian Studies Institute – IEB – (SP) turn out to be responsible for offering access to the literary archives and literary information. Thus, it is necessary to consider that databases demonstrate themselves as utter disseminators of the preservation and diffusion of the literary memory, coming up with several possibilities for cultural and scientific action in Literature. This study focuses on showing the contributions of databases towards the literary archives, the challenges and perspectives observed according to the mentioned institutions’ reality, in whose missions the discourse of the literary memory preservation is inserted.

O uso da informação no âmbito acadêmico: o comportamento informacional de pós-graduandos da área de Educação

This study reports part of a broader research about information behavior of graduate students in Education. The research´s participants were nine masters and doctoral students from a graduate program in Education at a public university. The focus group technique was used to collect the data. The focus group sessions were observed and recorded. The recorded data were transcribed, categorized and then analyzed using the technique of content analysis. The main aspects achieved were: i) Identification’s forms of information resources for research; ii) Internet as source of information; iii) Academic Library’s services and resources use; iv) Training to use of electronic data base; v) Difficulties to perform the search; vi) Advisor’s influence on research development; and vii) Environmental factors that affect information seeking behavior. The main results reveal that the identification of information sources occurs, mainly, through references quoted on studies of the researched area; as well as the advisors’ influence in the information seeking behavior of the participants. The results, also, disclose some environmental aspects, as example, lack of time to search and discomfort caused by the libraries’ environment that influenced negatively the information behavior of the studied group.

Reflexões sobre precoces, prodígios, gênios e as altas habilidades, com base na neurociência cognitiva. Revista Educação Especial

In special education, high skills designate people who demonstrate the capability, potential or performance in human activities, well above average. Our objective, using neuroscience to understand the early, prodigies, geniuses and high abilities as a result of a unique process of memory formation. It is a literature search, in which the works were identified, located, compiled, analyzed and blacklisted. The material was located from keywords in databases. For the compilation were used as inclusion criteria, adopted the intersection of the keywords as well as the work of researchers from education, psychology and neuroscience, published between 1966 and 2009; qualitatively analyzed 40 references, 18 articles and 22 other texts. The trajectory analysis was developed with the question: no need to explain differently the precocious prodigies, geniuses, and AH? We reached three logical propositions. We demonstrate through this exercise of course, that there would be no need to explain differently the precocious prodigies, geniuses, and AH, but conclude that there is need for such differentiation, even within the field of neuroscience, however, the statement above points to Renzulli’s theory as valid for geniuses and AH, with exceptions for early and wonders that deserve a closer look.

Pesquisas sobre o programa educacional de resistência às drogas e à violência (PROERD)

Programas educacionais de prevenção são mecanismos utilizados para suprir necessidades, sendo importante conhecer peculiaridades de sua aplicação e resultados obtidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar o método e os resultados de publicações sobre o Programa Educacional de Resistência às Drogas e à Violência (PROERD), tanto no Brasil quanto no exterior. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, Medline, Cohrane e Eric, utilizando-se como descritores os termos Proerd, Dare, Programa Proerd, Dare program e Dare Project. Verificou-se que são escassas as publicações, sobretudo no Brasil, não há padronização de instrumentos de pesquisa e há divergências entre os resultados que avaliaram o PROERD. Conclui-se que é preciso ampliar a realização e a divulgação de pesquisas que investigam o desenvolvimento e os resultados do programa.

Distúrbios do Sono em Pacientes com Fibromialgia

Introdução: A fibromialgia é uma doença caracterizada principalmente por dor músculo-esquelética difusa e crônica. Os distúrbios do sono em fibromiálgicos podem ter papel não somente na etiologia da dor crônica, mas também na perpetuação dos sintomas, portanto o estudo das condições do sono nestes pacientes é relevante na medida em que possibilita um entendimento das condições fisiopatológicas e permite uma abordagem ampla para o tratamento da fibromialgia. Objetivo: Apresentar a relação entre os distúrbios do sono e os sintomas da fibromialgia e sua importância na avaliação dos fibromiálgicos. Metodologia: Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico do período de 1990-2009, nas bases de dados Medline, Pubmed, Lilacs e Scielo, através das palavras chaves: sleep, fibromyalgia, sleep disorders, insomnia, pain. Resultados: A literatura demonstra uma alta prevalência de distúrbios do sono em pacientes portadores de fibromialgia e uma relevante relação entre as anormalidades no padrão do sono e o sintoma da dor crônica.

Seleção de características utilizando algoritmos evolucionistas e suas aplicações em reconhecimento de padrões

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Eletroestimulação neuromuscular na reabilitação da disfagia orofaríngea

The rehabilitation of oropharyngeal dysphagia has a new therapeutic tool, the neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), and the most renowned researchers have been studying the applicability and the results of this approach. The aim of this study was to present a literature review regarding the applicability of NMES in the rehabilitation of oropharyngeal dysphagia. An extensive literature review was carried out, considering the last two decades of research in the area. The review showed that there is still no consensus on the use of NMES in the rehabilitation of dysphagia. It was found that most studies described the use of NMES in isolation, did not describe the techniques associated with speech-language therapy associated to electrotherapy, and used heterogeneous samples that clustered mechanical and neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia. Only recently specific programs have been designed and tested in more homogeneous populations.

Avaliações dos estudos farmacoeconômicos em vigilância de medicamentos

Propôs-se identificar estudos farmacoeconômicos segundo tipo de estudo (custo-efetividade, custo-benefício, minimização de custos ou custo-utilidade) em farmacovigilância e conhecer os resultados econômicos dos estudos de vigilância pós-comercialização. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica direcionada, selecionou-se estudos originais, considerando publicações nos anos de 1966-2010, durante o período de marco a maio de 2011, utilizando-se os descritores científicos em saúde “sistemas de notificação de reações adversas a medicamento” OR erros de medicação OR vigilância de drogas comercializadas OR vigilância de evento sentinela AND análise custo-benefício OR analise custo-eficiência OR custos e analise de custo OR custos hospitalares OR custo-efetividade OR avaliação de custo-efetividade OR custos de medicamentos nas bases de dados Lilacs, e Pubmed/Bireme. Foram utilizados os seguintes critérios de inclusão: artigos com idioma em inglês, espanhol e português; artigos originais; artigos que avaliem custo de RAM e/ou intervenções; artigos que avaliem o impacto e/ou consequência de um efeito adverso na farmacoeconomia; e foram excluídos da amostra, os artigos em outros idiomas e publicações de cartas, revisões, editorias e notícias; artigos inacessíveis e aqueles cuja leitura flutuante do título e resumo mostrou-se fora da proposta do trabalho. Identificou-se 13 artigos que contemplaram os critérios de inclusão proposto. Os tipos de análise identificados foram: análise de custo-benefício (12) e análise de custo-efetividade (1). Não foram identificados estudos com análise de custo utilidade e minimização de custos. As considerações dos estudos avaliados salientam a necessidade de pesquisas posteriores, para fortalecer as hipóteses testadas, evidenciando os resultados econômicos nas ações ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

O efeito protetor contra o dano muscular: alternativas às contrações excêntricas máximas

Já é bem estabelecido que, após a realização de exercícios aos quais não se está acostumado, principalmente se esses envolverem contrações excêntricas, ocorre um processo conhecido como dano muscular (DM). Esse processo consiste na desorganização e/ou rompimento de células musculares graças a elevados níveis de estresse mecânico e/ou metabólico. Esse processo pode ser identificado pela manifestação de sintomas clássicos como dor muscular, diminuição da amplitude de movimento, perda de força e extravasamento de proteínas intracelulares para a corrente sanguínea, entre outros. Sabe-se que, após a ocorrência do DM, o músculo acometido se recupera e passa a ser mais resistente a esse fenômeno, apresentando respostas atenuadas desses sintomas. Recentemente, diferentes estratégias de proteção contra o DM que não envolvem a realização de contrações excêntricas máximas vêm sendo apresentadas, como a realização de contrações excêntricas submáximas, contrações isométricas, treinamento de flexibilidade e aumento da temperatura muscular previamente ao exercício. O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar essas estratégias de proteção contra o DM para melhor entender esse fenômeno. Foram realizadas pesquisas em importantes bases de dados e, os artigos encontrados que forem relevantes ao tema serão revisados e didaticamente explanados ao longo do trabalho