OUT-OF-HOSPITAL CHILDBEARING CENTERS IN THE UNITED STATES: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC AND MEDICAL-OBSTETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN BEGINNING LABOR THEREIN 1972-1979

There is currently much interest in the appropriate use of obstetrical technology, cost containment and meeting consumers' needs for safe and satisfying maternity care. At the same time, there has been an increase in professionally unattended home births. In response, a new type of service, the out-of-hospital childbearing center (CBC) has been developed which is administratively and structurally separate from the hospital. In the CBC, maternity care is provided by certified nurse-midwives to carefully screened low risk childbearing families in conjunction with physician and hospital back-up.^ It was the purpose of this study to accomplish the following objectives: (1) To describe in a historical prospective study the demographic and medical-obstetric characteristics of patients laboring in eleven selected out-of-hospital childbearing centers in the United States from May 1, 1972, to December 15, 1979. Labor is defined as the onset of regular contractions as determined by the patient. (2) To describe any differences between those patients who require transfer to a back-up hospital and those who do not. (3) To describe administrative and service characteristics of eleven selected out-of-hospital childbearing centers in the United States. (4) To compare the demographic and medical-obstetric characteristics of women laboring in eleven selected out-of-hospital childbearing centers with a national sample of women of similar obstetric risk who according to birth certificates delivered legitimate infants in a hospital setting in the United States in 1972.^ Research concerning CBCs and supportive to the development of CBCs including studies which identified factors associated with fetal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, obstetrical risk screening, and the progress of technological development in obstetrics were reviewed. Information concerning the organization and delivery of care at each selected CBC was also collected and analyzed.^ A stratified, systematic sample of 1938 low risk women who began labor in a selected CBC were included in the study. These women were not unlike those described previously in small single center studies reported in the literature. The mean age was 25 years. Sixty-three per cent were white, 34 per cent Hispanic, 88 per cent married, 45 per cent had completed at least two years of college, nearly one-third were professionals and over a third were housewives. . . . (Author's abstract exceeds stipulated maximum length. Discontinued here with permission of school.) UMI ^

Assessing the impact of electronic health record technology adoption on hospital labor efficiency

Information technology (IT) in the hospital organization is fast becoming a key asset, particularly in light of recent reform legislation in the United States calling for expanding the role of IT in our health care system. Future payment reductions to hospitals included in current health reform are based on expected improvements in hospital operating efficiency. Since over half of hospital expenses are for labor, improved efficiency in use of labor resources can be critical in meeting this challenge. Policy makers have touted the value of IT investments to improve efficiency in response to payment reductions. ^ This study was the first to directly examine the relationship between electronic health record (EHR) technology and staffing efficiency in hospitals. As the hospital has a myriad of outputs for inpatient and outpatient care, efficiency was measured using an industry standard performance metric – full time equivalent employees per adjusted occupied bed (FTE/AOB). Three hypotheses were tested in this study.^ To operationalize EHR technology adoption, we developed three constructs to model adoption, each of which was tested by separate hypotheses. The first hypothesis that a larger number of EHR applications used by a hospital would be associated with greater staffing efficiency (or lower values of FTE/AOB) was not accepted. Association between staffing efficiency and specific EHR applications was the second hypothesis tested and accepted with some applications showing significant impacts on observed values for FTE/AOB. Finally, the hypothesis that the longer an EHR application was used in a hospital would be associated with greater labor efficiency was not accepted as the model showed few statistically significant relationships to FTE/AOB performance. Generally, there does not appear a strong relationship between EHR usage and improved labor efficiency in hospitals.^ While returns on investment from EHR usage may not come from labor efficiencies, they may be better sought using measures of quality, contribution to an efficient and effective local health care system, and improved customer satisfaction through greater patient throughput.^

Planning for Emotional Labor and Secondary Traumatic Stress in Child Welfare Organizations

This analysis provides an emergent framework that emphasizes a neglected component of both direct practice with families and organizational development. Human emotions, both beneficial (positive emotional labor) and harmful (negative emotional labor), have received short shrift in leadership development, supervision, direct practice preparation and supports, and workforce stabilization, and professionalization. Significantly, a key indicator of negative emotional labor—secondary traumatic stress (STS)—often has been ignored and neglected, despite the fact that it may be endemic in the workforce. STS typically results from traumatic events in practice, but it also stems from workplace violence. Often undetected and untreated, STS is at least a hidden correlate and perhaps a probable cause of myriad problems such as questionable practice with families, life-work conflicts, undesirable workforce turnover, and a sub-optimal organizational climate. Special interventions are needed. At the same time, new organizational designs are needed to promote and reinforce positive emotional labor. Arguably, positive emotional labor and the positive organizational climates it facilitates are requisites for harmonious relations between jobs and personal lives, desirable workforce retention, and better outcomes for children and families. What’s more, specialized interventions for positive emotional labor constitute a key component in the prevention system for STS. A dual design for positive emotional labor and STS (and other negative emotional labor) prevention/intervention is provided herewith. Early detection and rapid response systems for STS, with social work leadership, receive special attention. Guidelines for new organizational designs for emotional labor in child welfare are offered in conclusion.

High Tunnel Production: Inputs, Labor, and Crop Productivity

The 30 × 12 × 96 ft (W × H × L, 2,880 ft 2 ) high tunnel was planted and maintained as part of a high tunnel production budget project funded by a Specialty Crop Grant through the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship. Six growers throughout the state participated in the project with the objectives of creating an enterprise budgeting tool that estimates the costs and revenues associated with producing specific crops in a high tunnel, either as a single crop or multi-crop system. The budgeting tool will estimate the production cost and net profit per square foot in a high tunnel from mono-culture (one crop per tunnel) or multi-cropping, successionplanted systems. This report summarizes the findings from the high tunnel at the ISU Horticulture Research Station. The plantings in this high tunnel were used to collect labor and yield data as well as demonstrate a continuous, multi-cropping production system. A publication containing the enterprise budgeting tool, using this data and data collected from the other six farms, will be available through Iowa State University Extension and Outreach in the fall of 2012.

La labor del síndico en el proceso de verificación de créditos en el concurso preventivo

El presente trabajo trata sobre la labor del síndico en los concursos preventivos, precisamente en el proceso de verificación de créditos. La inquietud se planteó tras haber estudiado en profundidad los concursos preventivos y las quiebras, como también las diferentes situaciones que pueden encontrarse en ellos. Pero no desde el punto de vista del proceso, ni de la letra de la ley, sino que se planteó desde el punto de vista de nuestro campo laboral, investigando acerca de funciones y tareas propias del Contador Público Nacional, al momento de tener que abordar una sindicatura concursal. La propuesta de este trabajo consiste en investigar sobre las distintas formas de verificación de un crédito en el pasivo concursal, la tarea del síndico durante ese proceso y la conclusión sobre ellos en el informe individual. Es por esto que el proceso de verificación de créditos es fundamental para la determinación del pasivo concursal y la emisión del informe individual, que debe ser confeccionado con absoluta objetividad y criterio profesional.

Se coordina la labor de investigación agrícola en Mendoza

Fil: Albani, Félix. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias

Los orígenes del hospital San Roque : La labor de Ramos Mejía. José Ingenieros y el tratamiento de los accidentes histéricos

Este trabajo se propone realizar un recorrido histórico sobre los inicios del Hospital San Roque, actual Hospital Ramos Mejía. La metodología consistente en el relevamiento, sistematización y contextualización de fuentes primarias nos permiten dar cuenta de la labor de los Dres. José María Ramos Mejía y José Ingenieros en el ámbito hospitalario. En este recorrido histórico se pueden ubicar tres momentos clave en relación a la construcción edilicia del hospital. En el año 1869 comenzó a funcionar el Lazareto San Roque en los Corrales de Miserere. En 1883 tras sus reformas se nombró Hospital San Roque; finalmente en 1914 -año en que muere José María Ramos Mejía- se denominó Hospital General de Agudos José M. Ramos Mejía. En 1904 José Ingenieros fue nombrado médico agregado de las salas 5 y 6 correspondientes a las Enfermedades nerviosas, ambas salas inauguradas y dirigidas por el Dr. José M. Ramos Mejía. Será a través de este último que José Ingenieros irá adquiriendo un saber tanto práctico como teórico respecto de la clínica con la histeria. En el marco institucional de este Hospital y ese mismo año, José Ingenieros escribe su libro Los accidentes histéricos y las sugestiones terapéuticas.Quince años después el libro cambia de nombre y aparece una generosa referencia a Freud entre las 'actuales interpretaciones' de la histeria. Se puede considerar esto último como un aporte a la introducción de la teoría freudiana en Argentina. A su vez, a través del análisis de las fuentes primarias nos ponemos en contacto con el modo de llevar a cabo la praxis de José Ingenieros en un ámbito institucional como es el hospital público. Gracias a la publicación de numerosos casos clínicos realizada por el autor, podemos dar cuenta de cómo aparece su posición teórica articulada a la práctica, como así también lo referido a los diagnósticos y tratamientos realizados. Su praxis en el hospital lo llevó a proponer, por primera vez en nuestro país, la apertura de consultorios externos en instituciones públicas para el tratamiento hospitalario de neurastenias, histerias y otras enfermedades mentales que no requerían internación. Cabe señalar que ya el Dr. Ramos Mejía había promovido la instalación de consultorios externos en el Hospital San Roque, sólo que destinados a otras especialidades como otorrinolaringología y enfermedades de la piel, entre otros. Efectivamente, Ingenieros ya había comenzado a atender a sus pacientes, cuyo padecimiento tenía causa psíquica, ambulatoriamente. Esto se encuentra en sintonía con las políticas de un Hospital de Agudos. Debido a la creación de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, los hospitales comenzaron a alojar a estudiantes y jóvenes profesionales, siendo el San Roque el primer Hospital Asociado a la Facultad de Medicina. Siguiendo este lineamiento, Ingenieros fue un defensor de la idea de que el hospital público servía para la práctica y la enseñanza. Esta cuestión pudo estar influenciada por la experiencia que tuvo junto a Horacio Piñero quien -ya siendo titular de la cátedra de Psicología Experimental- presentó ante su alumnado a una paciente que Ingenieros trataba en el Hospital San Roque

El concepto de labor en la geórgica I de Virgilio

En la presente comunicación analizaremos de qué modo los mitos presentes en la geórgica I (Ceres; la Edad de Hierro; Deucalión; el perjurio de Laomedonte) confluyen a articular la noción de labor como la condición para la agricultura. El labor implica la dedicación al trabajo diario del campo (remover la tierra, vallar los campos, marcar el ganado, fabricar y mantener las herramientas, etc), conocer la topografía del cielo y venerar a los dioses para que favorezcan la producción. Tales indicaciones son constitutivas de la parte didáctica del texto y constituyen asimismo parte del labor del poeta, que con esta obra se inserta en el proyecto político económico y agrario de Augusto. Sin embargo, el poema trasciende esta problemática formando parte del proyecto poético de Virgilio.

The attention/support to students in the socio-labor transition

In the present paper I intend to put forward some inquiries regarding the socio-labor guidance and transition of the young people in the co-ordinates of contemporary society. The outstanding paradox in which some young people are immersed when trying to get a first, second, third employment is also analyzed: "The job of looking for a job". This is a common experience shared by many young people when they try to find a place in the complex labor panorama. Looking for a job is a recurrent situation in contemporary society, given the high dose of precarious employment in which the productive world moves. Life-long jobs belong to the past and what is normal is that people strive to enter the competitive labor market repeatedly. Moreover, the paper offers the partial results of a larger research project that approaches tutorship, decision taking and expectations before the academic-labor future of the studentship in the last years of secondary school. Finally, I suggest some insights in the line that it is not longer feasible to work with old-fashioned guidance, trying to channel people's vocation and offering them information so that they get a job that provides them with the happiness of "doing what you like". Behind these ideas lay the normal biographies, the predictable itineraries. Labor market complexity makes the transition to working life very difficult. Once immersed in it, biographies and labor itineraries are constructed and reconstructed at the rhythm of the changing fortunes of times.

Decent employment and subjectivity in the workplace : Notes for an agenda of labor policies in citizenship terms

Retomando los problemas contemporáneos del trabajo en términos de sus actores, se examinan los aspectos en los cuales la psicología de trabajo puede producir contribuciones y reflexiones. El problema del diagnóstico así como el de la comprensión y la elucidación de los límites y alcance que las políticas de empleo implican diseños diferentes para procesos ligados a los aspectos psicosociales del trabajo, que exceden a los determinados desde el punto de vista del empleo decente.

La Escuela Graduada de Educación de la Universidad de Rutgers y su labor comunitaria

Fil: Agudo de Córsico, María Celia Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Un antecedente del proyecto de ley nacional de trabajo : La labor de la señora Gabriela de L. de Coni 1901-1904

Fil: Ospital, María Silvia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Peronización y radicalización de grupos de abogados en los años sesenta y principio de los setenta : La labor defensista como práctica militante

Fil: Chama, Mauricio Sergio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

The attention/support to students in the socio-labor transition

In the present paper I intend to put forward some inquiries regarding the socio-labor guidance and transition of the young people in the co-ordinates of contemporary society. The outstanding paradox in which some young people are immersed when trying to get a first, second, third employment is also analyzed: "The job of looking for a job". This is a common experience shared by many young people when they try to find a place in the complex labor panorama. Looking for a job is a recurrent situation in contemporary society, given the high dose of precarious employment in which the productive world moves. Life-long jobs belong to the past and what is normal is that people strive to enter the competitive labor market repeatedly. Moreover, the paper offers the partial results of a larger research project that approaches tutorship, decision taking and expectations before the academic-labor future of the studentship in the last years of secondary school. Finally, I suggest some insights in the line that it is not longer feasible to work with old-fashioned guidance, trying to channel people's vocation and offering them information so that they get a job that provides them with the happiness of "doing what you like". Behind these ideas lay the normal biographies, the predictable itineraries. Labor market complexity makes the transition to working life very difficult. Once immersed in it, biographies and labor itineraries are constructed and reconstructed at the rhythm of the changing fortunes of times.