Uso de indicadores indigestíveis obtidos in situ e in vivo para determinar a digestibilidade de nutrientes em equinos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fezes equina como fonte de inóculo na obtenção de indicadores indigestíveis para estimar a digestibilidade em equinos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Rumen microbial diversity under influence of a polyclonal antibody preparation against lactate-producing and proteolytic bacteria in cows fed different energy sources

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Glicerina bruta associada a aditivos na alimentação de bovinos de corte

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Avaliação nutricional de silagem de restos culturais de abacaxi pérola

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Suplementação de alto consumo na terminação de tourinhos Nelore em pastagem de b. brizantha cv. Marandu

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Uso da levedura Yea-Sacc8417, monensina sódica e sua associação em dietas para tourinhos Nelore, alimentados com elevada proporção de concentrado

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Whole grain diet for Feedlot Lambs

For a lamb feedlot system became competitive it is essential that an equilibrate nutrition and functional feeding management happens naturally. Therefore, this experiment has the objective to evaluate the efficiency of whole corn grain diet on lambs performance and carcass quality parameters and ruminal papillae development. During the experiment twenty Dorper/Santa Inescrossbred lambs were used, divided randomly in two treatments: control diet and whole grain diet. The experimental design was completely randomized design and data analysis done by SISVAR using the Tukey test at 5% of probability. No statistical differences were observed on the characteristics evaluated for performance and carcass as well as the length and width of ruminal papillae. The composition of the diet together with the weight gain potential of the lambs can explain the good average daily weight gain of 0.284 kg. The initial body condition average was 2.1 (thin) and improved at the end of the trial period achieving3.15 (normal). Carcass yield reached 46.24%, the results is between the range ideal for specialty meat breeds ranging from 40 to 50%. The carcass conformation, fat cover conformation and the thickness of subcutaneous fat found can be classified as medians. Also there was no difference in the characteristics of ruminal papillae. Thus, it is concluded that the use of whole grain diet did not influence the characteristics evaluated; and the choice of diet should be made with regard to profitability, simplicity of use and availability of forage in feedlot. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The effect of lipid sources on intake, rumen fermentation parameters and microbial protein synthesis in Nellore steers supplemented with glycerol

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Two-stage rumenostomy in buffaloes

Background: Rumenostomy may be performed for therapeutic and digestibility research purposes in bovines, small ruminants and camelids. Several studies requires romenostomy in buffaloes in order to sample ruminal content for laboratorial assays. However, complications and outcome of rumenostomy was poorly studied in buffaloes. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to describe a two-stage rumenostomy technique in buffaloes, focused on intra and post-operative period.Materials, Methods & Results: Nine Murrah buffaloes were submitted to a 36-h and 12-h of food and water fastening. The animals were given acepromazine and maintained in standing position. Flank local anesthesia was carried out. A circular skin incision was carried out in the center of the left flank, followed by divulsion of the external and internal obliques and transversus abdominus muscles, and incision of the peritoneum. Subsequently, a segment of the dorsal aspect of the rumen was grasped and pulled through the flank incision. The rumen was attached to the peritoneum and skin incision margins in four points (dorsal, ventral, cranial and caudal). Additional simple interrupted sutures attaching the rumen serosa to the skin were applied subsequently. Four additional interrupted horizontal mattress sutures were applied equidistantly, taking bites only in the skin and rumen serosa. Following 12 h, the second stage was carried out. The buffaloes were prepared and restrained as performed for the first stage. A circular flap was excised from the exteriorized rumen and the silicone romenostomy cannula was placed. Clinical parameters, postoperative recovery, weight and behavioral pain scale were assessed. Positioning and anesthesia regimen were adequate for the achievement of the procedure. However, two animals fell in the restraint chute during the first surgical stage. Mild ischemia of the exteriorized rumen segment was observed on the second surgical stage, which resulted in less hemorrhage and enhanced cannula positioning. Complete cicatrization and permanent adhesion of the rumen to the skin were achieved. No ruminal leakage to the abdominal cavity occurred. No signs of pain were reported. There were few cases of laxity of the romenostomy opening leading to drop of cannula, myiasis on the margin of the stoma site and few cases of mild ruminal content leakage on the long-term assessment.Discussion: Restraint in standing position was considered adequate, although lateral recumbence constitutes another option. However, higher risk of contamination and technical difficulties in placing the cannulas are expected if lateral recumbence is considered. In other trials using acepromazine, no accidental recumbence occurred. Xylazine was also indicated for chemical restraint of buffaloes. It is known that flexible cannulas provide better anatomic adjustment and adaptation as well as being effective for sampling ruminal content, as seen in the current study. Ruminal leakage is one of the most frequent complications of romenostomy, which may affect animal's welfare. The animals in the current study presented no variations on the body score, even though on those presenting cannula loosening or ruminal content leakage. Moreover, no significant changes of the ruminal content parameters were noticed. Myiasis was also reported following ruminal surgical interventions, which were mainly attributed to extensive breeding. Loss of the cannula, subcutaneous emphysema and suture dehiscence are common complications of romenostomy. Nonetheless, none of those complications were found on the current study. Thus, romenostomy was feasible and efficient for sampling and performing assays of the ruminal content in buffaloes.

A utilização da monensina sódica na bovinocultura

The global growing demand for food coupled with the direction of eating habits for products of animal origin, become even more necessary the search for alternatives to increase production. In this way, improve animal performance through the use of ionophores has become an effective measure to increase production and profitability of farms. Among the ionophores, monensin is the best known so far, as to their effect on the pattern of rumen fermentation and its consequences on animal production, especially by improving the quality or quantity of nutrients available for absorption through the gastrointestinal tract and consequently the performance of ruminants

Doenças metabólicas do periparto em bovinos leiteiros

Peripartum or Transition Period is, generally, defined as the period between three weeks pre-calving and three weeks after calving. It is a critical and crucial stage to the cow’s health and to economic profitability during the lactation. During this phase the cows experience several changes that prepare them to calve and milk yield. These changes contribute to metabolic disorders’ incidence, and can lead to reproductive function and milk yield reduction, and increase the herd’s disposal. This paper aimed to review the peripartum metabolic diseases, which includes Ketosis, Hypocalcemia, Hepatic Steatosis, Ruminal Acidosis and Lameness

Utilização de biossurfactante e surfactante químico para dessorção de óleo presente em vermiculita hidrofobizada: estudo comparativo

A number of methods and products have been developed in order to eliminate or reduce the negative effects that hydrocarbons cause to the environment, including hydrophobic expanded vermiculite, used in oil residue filtering systems at gas stations. However, upon adsorbing organic compounds, the vermiculite is no longer used and is sent to landfills. The aim of the present study was to wash granular and powdered vermiculite containing oil lubricant in its pores with distilled water and solutions of 0.1% SDS surfactant and rhamnolipids, with the aim of removing the lubricant and the possibility of reusing the mineral. The greatest amount of lubricant removal was obtained through washing with 0.1% SDS and both granulometric forms. This may be associated to the industrial purification received by the surfactant. However, the biosurfactant is ecologically more viable due to its low toxicity and ease of degradability. In the readsorption tests, greatest adsorption was obtained with the granular vermiculite washed in SDS solution. In order to enable the reuse of the mineral, further tests are needed to enhance desorption/adsorption efficiency.

Desenvolvimento de blendas de dextranos de diferentes pesos moleculares para a obtenção de hidrogéis contendo praziquantel

O desenvolvimento de sistemas de liberação de fármacos tem sido muito utilizado com o intuito de melhorar as propriedades biofarmacêuticas de fármacos. Sistemas de liberação controlada oferecem inúmeras vantagens quando comparados aos sistemas convencionais, o que os tornam candidatos promissores para a melhora da terapia de diversas doenças. Para o desenvolvimento destes sistemas, várias estratégias utilizam polímeros para modificar as propriedades farmacotécnicas das substâncias e partículas, com o objetivo de melhorar o direcionamento dos fármacos, bem como sua ação e toxicidade. Dentre estes polímeros, os mais utilizados são os polissacarídeos, por serem amplamente disponíveis e de baixo custo. São encontrados na natureza, em fontes diversas, como plantas, algas, microorganismos e animais. O dextrano, um polímero produzido por microorganismos, bem como seus derivados, têm recebido bastante atenção devido às suas características, como baixa toxicidade e alta degradabilidade enzimática, as quais o torna viável para o carreamento de fármacos. Com o dextrano é possível preparar sistemas de liberação controlada, uma vez que é possível se obter hidrogéis a partir dele, sem a utilização de reticulantes químicos. Hidrogéis são redes poliméricas tridimensionais hidrofílicas, que absorvem grande quantidade de água ou fluido biológico sem se dispersarem, o que denota a capacidade de intumescimento. Em sistemas de liberação baseados em hidrogéis, o perfil de intumescimento é uma característica de grande importância, pois pode modificar a propriedade de transporte do fármaco. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar a possibilidade da produção de hidrogéis de dextrano de diferentes pesos moleculares, para modular a liberação do fármaco praziquantel, utilizado no tratamento da esquistossomose... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Tratamento orgânico de resíduos de rúmen bovino

The organic wastes need to be adequately managed, in order to avoid the environmental pollution and damage to the public health. So, this work aimed to study the composting process using two methods: manual and mechanized, for the treatment of bovine ruminal waste. This residue is generated in large proportions during the bovine slaughter process, and it can lead environmental degradation and contamination, or even damage to the public health, when not treated. For the initial adjustment of the composting parameters, it was incorporated the residue of coffee husks. The manual composting system was done by the manually aerated piles, while the mechanized composting system was done in a reactor coupled to a compressor that enabled the aeration of the system. The proportions used in both systems were: 90% bovine rumen (R) and 10% coffe husks (CC); 85% bovine rumen and 15% coffe husks; 80% bovine rumen and 20% coffe husks. The parameters determined during the monitoring of the composting process were: temperature, pH, moisture, organic matter, ash, organic carbon, Kjeldahl nitrogen and C/N ratio. The results obtained during the monitoring of the piles and reactors presented similar behavior, except for the parameters Kjeldahl nitrogen and C/N ratio. When compared to the “Instrução Normativa no 25 de 23/07/2009 do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento”, the organic produced composts with the best results were: pile 2 (85% R; 15% CC) and reactors 1 (90% R; 10% CC) e 2 (85% R; 15% CC)