Novo procedimento de xenodiagnóstico na forma crônica da doença de Chagas

Xenodiagnósticos feitos com Triatoma infestans durante 24 horas consecutivas, a intervalos de duas horas, demonstraram o Trypanosoma cruzi em 9 de 10 pacientes suspeitos de infecção chagástica crônica.

Um novo modelo de armadilha luminosa de sucção para pequenos insetos

Para captura de pequenos insetos descrevemos uma armadilha que julgamos vantajosa, pela facilidade de obtanção de seu material de construção, por ser de baixo custo,portátil, resistente, utilizar pilhas e, sendo opaca, possibilitar uma maior concentração de luz sobre o orifício de entrada de insetos.

Acanthochitona terezae sp. n., um novo poliplacóforo da costa brasileira (Mollusca, Polyplacophora)

O autor descreve uma nova espécie de poliplacóforo (Acanthochitona terezae) para o litoral brasileiro, apresenta dados sobre sua morfologia e discute aspectos biogeográficos.

Redescrição de Angiostrongylus (Parastrongylus) costaricensis isolado de novo hospedeiro silvestre, Proechimys sp., na Venezuela (Metastrongyloidea, Angiostrongylidae)

Angiostrongylus (Parastrongylus) costaricensis, nematódeo encontrado em artérias mesentéricas do rato silvestre Proechimys sp., na Venezuela, é redescrito e colocado no subgênero Parastorngylus.

Mansonella ozzardi no Território Federal de Roraima, Brasil: distribuição e achado de um novo vetor na área do rio Surumu

Um inquérito hemoscópico, conduzido entre indígenas Makuxi, pertencentes a 15 localidades da região nordeste do Território Federal de Roraima, revelou a presença de microfilárias de Mansonella ozzardi em 3,2% das 652 pessoas examinadas. O número de microfilárias nos positivos era pequeno, não ultrapassando a 18 nas amostras de sangue(20mm3) colhidas. A baixa densidade na microfilaremia e a inexistência da infecção em menores de 15 anos sugerem que a filariose está sendo adquirida pelos indígenas fora de suas aldeias, provavelmente nos garimpos de ouro situados na parte alta do rio Maú. Simulium oyapockense s.l. ou Simulium roraimense - espécie muito espalhada no norte do Território - foi reconhecido como vetor de M. ozzardi na área do rio Surumu. As fêmeas desse simulídeo, embora capazes de suportar o desenvolvimento da filária até L3, não se infectam com facilidade. Assim, numa tentativa de infecção experimental, apenas 20,6% das fêmeas alimentadas sobre um voluntário (com 12mf/20mm3 de sangue colhido da polpa digital) exibiram estádios larvares de M. ozzardi (1-2 larvas somente por exemplar infectado). A alta prevalência em índios Sanumá e Mayongong, que vivem no lado oposto do Território, aponta para a existência, na área do rio Auaris, onde se localizam esses indígenas, de um outro vetor, muito mais eficiente do que S. oyapockense s.l.

Profiling of T-cell receptor signaling complex assembly in human CD4 T-lymphocytes using RP protein arrays.

The RP protein (RPP) array approach immobilizes minute amounts of cell lysates or tissue protein extracts as distinct microspots on NC-coated slide. Subsequent detection with specific antibodies allows multiplexed quantification of proteins and their modifications at a scale that is beyond what traditional techniques can achieve. Cellular functions are the result of the coordinated action of signaling proteins assembled in macromolecular complexes. These signaling complexes are highly dynamic structures that change their composition with time and space to adapt to cell environment. Their comprehensive analysis requires until now relatively large amounts of cells (>5 x 10(7)) due to their low abundance and breakdown during isolation procedure. In this study, we combined small scale affinity capture of the T-cell receptor (TCR) and RPP arrays to follow TCR signaling complex assembly in human ex vivo isolated CD4 T-cells. Using this strategy, we report specific recruitment of signaling components to the TCR complex upon T-cell activation in as few as 0.5 million of cells. Second- to fourth-order TCR interacting proteins were accurately quantified, making this strategy specially well-suited to the analysis of membrane-associated signaling complexes in limited amounts of cells or tissues, e.g., ex vivo isolated cells or clinical specimens.

Preferential assembly of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) subunits in Xenopus oocytes: role of furin-mediated endogenous proteolysis.

The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is preferentially assembled into heteromeric alphabetagamma complexes. The alpha and gamma (not beta) subunits undergo proteolytic cleavage by endogenous furin-like activity correlating with increased ENaC function. We identified full-length subunits and their fragments at the cell surface, as well as in the intracellular pool, for all homo- and heteromeric combinations (alpha, beta, gamma, alphabeta, alphagamma, betagamma, and alphabetagamma). We assayed corresponding channel function as amiloride-sensitive sodium transport (I(Na)). We varied furin-mediated proteolysis by mutating the P1 site in alpha and/or gamma subunit furin consensus cleavage sites (alpha(mut) and gamma(mut)). Our findings were as follows. (i) The beta subunit alone is not transported to the cell surface nor cleaved upon assembly with the alpha and/or gamma subunits. (ii) The alpha subunit alone (or in combination with beta and/or gamma) is efficiently transported to the cell surface; a surface-expressed 65-kDa alpha ENaC fragment is undetected in alpha(mut)betagamma, and I(Na) is decreased by 60%. (iii) The gamma subunit alone does not appear at the cell surface; gamma co-expressed with alpha reaches the surface but is not detectably cleaved; and gamma in alphabetagamma complexes appears mainly as a 76-kDa species in the surface pool. Although basal I(Na) of alphabetagamma(mut) was similar to alphabetagamma, gamma(mut) was not detectably cleaved at the cell surface. Thus, furin-mediated cleavage is not essential for participation of alpha and gamma in alphabetagamma heteromers. Basal I(Na) is reduced by preventing furin-mediated cleavage of the alpha, but not gamma, subunits. Residual current in the absence of furin-mediated proteolysis may be due to non-furin endogenous proteases.

Novo gastrópode fóssil da bacia de São José de Itaboraí, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Endodontidae)

A new species of a very small land snail (Endodontidae) occurring in São José de Itaboraí limestone basin, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is described in honour of zoologist Hugo de Souza Lopes. Austrodiscus Parodiz, 1957 is registered in the paleontological records, for the first time.

Glossuropoda, novo subgênero de Euglossa, e duas espécies novas da Amazônia, do mesmo subgênero (Apidae - Hymenoptera)

A new subgenus Glossuropoda is proposed for Euglossa intersecta Latreille, 1837, as the type species. It is distinguished from Glossura by having a very peculiar configuration of the mid basitarsus of the male and lack of the median spur. Two new species Euglossa (Glossuropoda) hugonis, from Tabatinga, AM - Brasil, and Euglossa (Glossuropoda) juremae, from Vigia, PA - Brasil, belonging to the same subgenus but strickingly different from the type species by their prevalent green color with brassy and golden hue on the last abdominal segments and hind legs.

TRAIP is a regulator of the spindle assembly checkpoint.

Accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis is temporally and spatially coordinated by fidelity-monitoring checkpoint systems. Deficiencies in these checkpoint systems can lead to chromosome segregation errors and aneuploidy, and promote tumorigenesis. Here, we report that the TRAF-interacting protein (TRAIP), a ubiquitously expressed nucleolar E3 ubiquitin ligase important for cellular proliferation, is localized close to mitotic chromosomes. Its knockdown in HeLa cells by RNA interference (RNAi) decreased the time of early mitosis progression from nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB) to anaphase onset and increased the percentages of chromosome alignment defects in metaphase and lagging chromosomes in anaphase compared with those of control cells. The decrease in progression time was corrected by the expression of wild-type but not a ubiquitin-ligase-deficient form of TRAIP. TRAIP-depleted cells bypassed taxol-induced mitotic arrest and displayed significantly reduced kinetochore levels of MAD2 (also known as MAD2L1) but not of other spindle checkpoint proteins in the presence of nocodazole. These results imply that TRAIP regulates the spindle assembly checkpoint, MAD2 abundance at kinetochores and the accurate cellular distribution of chromosomes. The TRAIP ubiquitin ligase activity is functionally required for the spindle assembly checkpoint control.

Fractional hepatic de novo lipogenesis in healthy subjects during near-continuous oral nutrition and bed rest: a comparison with published data in artificially fed, critically ill patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In critically ill patients, fractional hepatic de novo lipogenesis increases in proportion to carbohydrate administration during isoenergetic nutrition. In this study, we sought to determine whether this increase may be the consequence of continuous enteral nutrition and bed rest. We, therefore, measured fractional hepatic de novo lipogenesis in a group of 12 healthy subjects during near-continuous oral feeding (hourly isoenergetic meals with a liquid formula containing 55% carbohydrate). In eight subjects, near-continuous enteral nutrition and bed rest were applied over a 10 h period. In the other four subjects, it was extended to 34 h. Fractional hepatic de novo lipogenesis was measured by infusing(13) C-labeled acetate and monitoring VLDL-(13)C palmitate enrichment with mass isotopomer distribution analysis. Fractional hepatic de novo lipogenesis was 3.2% (range 1.5-7.5%) in the eight subjects after 10 h of near continuous nutrition and 1.6% (range 1.3-2.0%) in the four subjects after 34 h of near-continuous nutrition and bed rest. This indicates that continuous nutrition and physical inactivity do not increase hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Fractional hepatic de novo lipogenesis previously reported in critically ill patients under similar nutritional conditions (9.3%) (range 5.3-15.8%) was markedly higher than in healthy subjects (P<0.001). These data from healthy subjects indicate that fractional hepatic de novo lipogenesis is increased in critically ill patients.

Carbohydrate metabolism and de novo lipogenesis in human obesity.

Respiratory exchange was measured during 14 consecutive hours in six lean and six obese individuals after ingestion of 500 g of dextrin maltose to investigate and compare their capacity for net de novo lipogenesis. After ingestion of the carbohydrate load, metabolic rates rose similarly in both groups but fell earlier and more rapidly in the obese. RQs also rose rapidly and remained in the range of 0.95 to 1.00 for approximately 8 h in both groups. During this time, RQ exceeded 1.00 for only short periods of time with the result that 4 +/- 1 g and 5 +/- 3 g (NS) of fat were synthesized via de novo lipogenesis in excess of concomitant fat oxidation in the lean and obese subjects, respectively. Results demonstrate that net de novo lipid synthesis from an unusually large carbohydrate load is not greater in obese than in lean individuals.

Sobre um novo gênero neotrópico da subfamília Tanypodinae (Diptera, Chironomidae)

A new neotropical genus and a new species of a non-biting midge for the subfamily Tanypodinae from Brazil are described. The new genus is near Tanypus Meigen, 1803 and Procladius Skuse, 1889, but differs of both by wings and male terminalia.

De novo mutation in the KCNQ1 gene causal to Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome.

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome (JLNS) is an autosomal recessive disorder, clinically characterized by severe cardiac arrhythmias [due to prolonged QTc interval in electrocardiogram (ECG)] and bilateral sensory neural deafness. Molecular defects causal to JLNS are either homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations, predominantly in the KCNQ1 gene and occasionally in the KCNE1 gene. As the molecular defect is bi-allelic, JLNS patients inherit one pathogenic mutation causal to the disorder from each parent. In this report, we show for the first time that such a disorder could also occur due to a spontaneous de novo mutation in the affected individual, not inherited from the parent, which makes this case unique unlike the previously reported JLNS cases.