Karev Li Chenat Goel : selihot ; Kamti Bechmoreth : selihot / Prof. Is. Algazi, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Asie. Turquie]

Ir Me Kero La Mi Madre : romance ; En Anio 644 : élégie sur l'incendie de Constple [i.e. Constantinople] / Prof. Is. Algazi, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Asie. Turquie]

Ey Gönül Allah Içün : Şevkefza Gazel ; Neşvesi Hatira Geldi : Şevkefza Şarki / Hoca Isak Algazi Ef, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Asie. Turquie]

L'exposition aux moisissures des enfants en milieu citadin et rural

L'asthme est une des maladies chroniques des plus fréquentes chez l'enfant qui touche 7,6 à 10,7 % de la population infantile française (ISAAC, 1998). Un des facteurs étiologiques impliqué dans cette pathologie est les moisissures présentes dans l'habitat. Néanmoins, il reste toujours à clarifier quelle est la fenêtre d'exposition la plus critique au cours de l'enfance et à comprendre le mécanisme de cette étiologie. En effet, des effets contradictoires ont été associés à l'exposition précoce des enfants aux moisissures. L'exposition à une espèce de moisissure dominante augmente l'incidence de l'asthme chez le jeune enfant, alors que l'exposition à des bioaérosols riches et diversifiés en micro-organismes, comme ceux présent dans les fermes, le diminue. Ces deux effets font l'objet des deux études choisies dans cette note. [Auteure]

Gene Ontology Function prediction in Mollicutes using Protein-Protein Association Networks

Abstract Background: Many complex systems can be represented and analysed as networks. The recent availability of large-scale datasets, has made it possible to elucidate some of the organisational principles and rules that govern their function, robustness and evolution. However, one of the main limitations in using protein-protein interactions for function prediction is the availability of interaction data, especially for Mollicutes. If we could harness predicted interactions, such as those from a Protein-Protein Association Networks (PPAN), combining several protein-protein network function-inference methods with semantic similarity calculations, the use of protein-protein interactions for functional inference in this species would become more potentially useful. Results: In this work we show that using PPAN data combined with other approximations, such as functional module detection, orthology exploitation methods and Gene Ontology (GO)-based information measures helps to predict protein function in Mycoplasma genitalium. Conclusions: To our knowledge, the proposed method is the first that combines functional module detection among species, exploiting an orthology procedure and using information theory-based GO semantic similarity in PPAN of the Mycoplasma species. The results of an evaluation show a higher recall than previously reported methods that focused on only one organism network.

Do protein–protein interaction databases identify moonlighting proteins?

One of the most striking results of the human (and mammalian) genomes is the low number of protein-coding genes. To-date, the main molecular mechanism to increase the number of different protein isoforms and functions is alternative splicing. However, a less-known way to increase the number of protein functions is the existence of multifunctional, multitask, or ‘‘moonlighting’’, proteins. By and large, moonlighting proteins are experimentally disclosed by serendipity. Proteomics is becoming one of the very active areas of biomedical research, which permits researchers to identify previously unseen connections among proteins and pathways. In principle, protein–protein interaction (PPI) databases should contain information on moonlighting proteins and could provide suggestions to further analysis in order to prove the multifunctionality. As far as we know, nobody has verified whether PPI databases actually disclose moonlighting proteins. In the present work we check whether well-established moonlighting proteins present in PPI databases connect with their known partners and, therefore, a careful inspection of these databases could help to suggest their different functions. The results of our research suggest that PPI databases could be a valuable tool to suggest multifunctionality.

Digestibilidad in situ de dietas con harina de nopal deshidratado conteniendo un preparado de enzimas fibrolíticas exógenas

Se evaluó el efecto de un preparado de enzimas fibrolíticas exógenas (celulasas y xilanasas) en la degradabilidad in situ de la materia seca (DisMS), fibra detergente neutro (DFDNr) y fibra detergente ácido residual (DFDAr), en dietas altas o bajas en harina de nopal deshidratado. Se aplicaron concentraciones de 0, 1, 2 y 3 g de enzima por kilogramo de materia seca al inicio y 24 horas antes de la degradación in situ. Se determinó la concentración de ácidos grasos volátiles totales y de nitrógeno amoniacal a las 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 y 24 horas después de aplicarse la enzima. No se observaron efectos en DisMS, DFDNr y DFDAr; la aplicación al inicio de la degradación in situ mostró valores más altos que a 24 horas para DisMS y DFDNr, pero fue menor para DFDAr. No se observaron diferencias en las interacciones entre niveles de enzima, tipo de dieta y tiempo de pretratamiento. La aplicación de 1 y 3 g de enzima, en la dieta con bajo contenido de harina de nopal, tuvo efectos en el incremento de los ácidos grasos volátiles totales; para el nitrógeno amoniacal, los mejores resultados ocurrieron con 0 y 1 g de enzima.

La metàfora en les teories de la imatge: l’«analogia universal» i el «correlat objectiu»

Aquest treball posa en funcionament una gran xarxa d’intertextualitat generada al voltant d’un fenomen molt complex, que és la metàfora. La metàfora és segurament el motiu pel qual avui ens expressem i pel qual avui escrivim textos. Ja no ho diem pel fet que la metàfora sigui una figura literària molt eficaç per crear bellesa estètica, sinó perquè està implicada en la formació del llenguatge i en l’estructuració de la ment per assimilar i per figurar el coneixement. Per aquest motiu, en el nostre treball, hem volgut donar un enfocament pluridisciplinar a l’estudi de la metàfora, perquè, creiem, que sense aquesta visió àmplia, no es pot arribar a copsar ni entendre aquesta figura retòrica, que és molt més que això.

Newton - filosofi vai tiedemies?

Vastine kosmologian professori Kari Enqvistin kysymykseen artikkelissa "Onko fysiikka filosofiaa?" (TT-lehdessä 2/2006)

Burden of Diabetes in Iowa 1991-2009, Final Report, May 2010

The Iowa Diabetes Prevention and Control Program provides educational opportunities for health care providers via the Iowa Communications Network interactive fiber optic system. The program also certifies diabetes outpatient education programs in Iowa based on minimum criteria for quality programs. In Iowa during the past 20 years, the prevalence rate of diagnosed diabetes increased dramatically among adults: Between 1991 and 2009 the crude diabetes prevalence rate rose by 84%, from 3.8% to 7.0%. Between these years, the age‐adjusted adult diagnosed diabetes prevalence rate increased by 64%, rising from 3.7% to 6.4%. During the 18 years 1991‐93 through 2006‐08, the number of Iowa adults with diagnosed diabetes more than doubled, increasing from 78,000 to 162,000. While the Iowa Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), upon which the numbers cited above are based, provides reliable state‐level self‐reported data on adults with diagnosed diabetes, it is unable to provide estimates of undiagnosed diabetes. National estimates put the prevalence of undiagnosed adult diabetes at about 5%, raising the estimated adult diabetes prevalence rate in Iowa to 12% (280,000 adults) (Cowie,2009). Another 5% of all Iowa adults are estimated to have diagnosed pre‐diabetes, while 25% of all Iowa adults, based on national estimates from the 2005‐06 National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES), likely have undiagnosed pre‐diabetes. (Cowie, 2009)

Fauna invertebrada e atributos físicos e químicos do solo em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) nos principais grupos da macrofauna invertebrada do solo e a relação destes organismos com os atributos físicos e químicos do solo. Foram comparados: sistema de manejo convencional, sistema integração lavoura-pecuária, sistema plantio direto, pastagem cultivada continuamente e fragmentos naturais de Cerrado e de floresta semidecídua. O experimento foi conduzido em Dourados, MS, em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico, disposto em faixas. A maior densidade, riqueza e diversidade das famílias foi observada no sistema de ILP, em plantio direto, e no sistema em pastagem cultivada continuamente. O sistema convencional promoveu maior redução na comunidade dos organismos invertebrados do solo. O sistema de ILP favorece a manutenção da diversidade da fauna invertebrada, a formação dos agregados estáveis e a fertilidade do solo. A família Sthaphylinidae é um potencial bioindicador de qualidade do solo, principalmente na floresta semidecídua e no sistema de ILP.

Is sustainability certification for biochar the answer to environmental risks?

Biochar has the potential to make a major contribution to the mitigation of climate change, and enhancement of plant production. However, in order for biochar to fulfill this promise, the industry and regulating bodies must take steps to manage potential environmental threats and address negative perceptions. The potential threats to the sustainability of biochar systems, at each stage of the biochar life cycle, were reviewed. We propose that a sustainability framework for biochar could be adapted from existing frameworks developed for bioenergy. Sustainable land use policies, combined with effective regulation of biochar production facilities and incentives for efficient utilization of energy, and improved knowledge of biochar impacts on ecosystem health and productivity could provide a strong framework for the development of a robust sustainable biochar industry. Sustainability certification could be introduced to provide confidence to consumers that sustainable practices have been employed along the production chain, particularly where biochar is traded internationally.

Cultura de embrião e indução de brotos in vitro para micropropagação do pinhão-manso

O objetivo deste trabalho foi otimizar o cultivo e desenvolvimento de embriões, bem como avaliar a indução da micropropagação do pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas) in vitro. Na primeira etapa, foi avaliada a influência da sacarose (concentrações 0, 15, 30 e 60 g L-1) no desenvolvimento de embriões em meio basal MS. Das plântulas geradas no cultivo de embriões, foram excisadas microestacas e colocadas em meio MS suplementado com os reguladores vegetais 6-benziladenina (BA), 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP), cinetina (6-furfuriladenina) (KIN) e ácido 4-(3-indolil) butírico (AIB), nas concentrações 0,5, 1,0, 2,0 e 3,0 mg L-1. Os resultados evidenciaram que a faixa de 15 a 30 g L-1 de suplementação exógena da sacarose promove o melhor alongamento da parte aérea das plantas; a rizogênese, contudo, é mais vigorosa na faixa de 30 a 60 g L-1, em que ocorre aumento significativo do número de raízes. Na fase de micropropagação, o BAP à concentração de 2,0 mg L-1 induz maior número de brotações, enquanto a KIN (1,0 e 2,0 mg L-1) promove maior número de folhas. Ocorre calogênese na base das brotações, mais significativa na suplementação com 2,0 mg L-1 de 6-BAP. A melhor concentração de sacarose, quanto ao vigor vegetal e rapidez na obtenção de explantes, é de 30 g L-1. Na micropropagação, os melhores resultados da organogênese direta de brotações ocorrem à concentração de 2,0 mg L-1 de BAP.