Age and growth estimates of the winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata) in the western Gulf of Maine

Age and growth estimates for the winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata) were estimated from vertebral band counts on 209 fish ranging in size from 145 to 940 mm total length (TL). An index of average percent error (IAPE) of 5.8% suggests that our aging method represents a precise approach to the age assessment of L. ocellata. Marginal increments were significantly different between months (Kruskal-Wallis P<0.001) and a distinct trend of increasing monthly increment growth began in July. Estimates of von Bertalanffy growth parameters suggest that females attain a slightly larger asymptotic TL (L∞=1374 mm) than males (L∞=1218 mm) and grow more slowly (k=0.059 and 0.074, respectively). The oldest ages obtained for the winter skate were 19 years for males and 18 years for females, which corresponded to total lengths of 932 mm and 940 mm, respectively. The results indicate that the winter skate exhibits the characteristics that have made other elasmobranch populations highly susceptible to exploitation by commercial fisheries.

Age and growth of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the North Atlantic Ocean

Age and growth estimates for the blue shark (Prionace glauca) were derived from 411 vertebral centra and 43 tag-recaptured blue sharks collected in the North Atlantic, ranging in length from 49 to 312 cm fork length (FL). The vertebrae of two oxytetracycline-injected recaptured blue sharks support an annual spring deposition of growth bands in the vertebrae in sharks up to 192 cm FL. Males and females were aged to 16 and 15 years, respectively, and full maturity is attained by 5 years of age in both sexes. Both sexes grew similarly to age seven, when growth rates decreased in males and remained constant in females. Growth rates from tag-recaptured individuals agreed with those derived from vertebral annuli for smaller sharks but appeared overestimated for larger sharks. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters derived from vertebral length-at-age data are L∞ = 282 cm FL, K = 0.18, and t0 = –1.35 for males, and L∞ = 310 cm FL, K = 0.13, and t0 = −1.77 for females. The species grows faster and has a shorter life span than previously reported for these waters.

Validated age and growth of the porbeagle shark (Lamna nasus) in the western North Atlantic Ocean

Growth parameters were estimated for porbeagle shark (Lamna nasus) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean on the basis of vertebral annuli. A total of 578 vertebrae was analyzed. Annuli were validated up to an age of 11 years by using vertebrae from recaptured oxytetracycline-injected and known-age sharks. Males and females grew at similar rates until the size of male sexual maturity, after which the relative growth of the males declined. The growth rate of the females declined in a similar manner at the onset of maturity. Growth curves were consistent with those derived from tag-recapture analyses (GROTAG) of 76 recaptured fish and those based on length-frequency methods with measurements from 13,589 individuals. Von Bertalanffy growth curve parameters (combined sexes) were L∞ = 289.4 cm fork length, K = 0.07 and t0 = –6.06. Maximum age, based on vertebral band pair counts, was 25 and 24 years for males and females, respectively. Longevity calculations, however, indicated a maximum age of 45 to 46 years in an unfished population.

Age and growth of the smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean

The northwest Atlantic population of smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis) ranges from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, to South Carolina. Although M. canis is seasonally abundant in this region, very little is known about important aspects of its biology, such as growth and reproductive rates. In the early 1990s, commercial fishery landings of smooth dogfish dramatically increased on the east coast of the United States. This study investigated growth rates of the east coast M. canis population through analysis of growth patterns in vertebral centra. Marginal increment analysis, estimates of precision, and patterns in seasonal growth supported the use of vertebrae to age these sharks. Growth bands in vertebral samples were used to estimate ages for 894 smooth dogfish. Age-length data were used to determine von Bertalanffy growth parameters for this population: K = 0.292/yr, L∞ = 123.57 cm, and t0 = –1.94 years for females, and K = 0.440/yr, L∞ = 105.17 cm, and t0 = –1.52 years for males. Males matured at two or three years of age and females matured between four and seven years of age. The oldest age estimate for male and female samples was ten and sixteen years, respectively.

Anchorage of air bladder with the interspinous bone of the anal fin in Lactarius lactarius (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)

Specimens of the false trevally (Lactarius lactarius ), 127 to 221 mm in total length, were studied for the mode of anchorage of the air-bladder with the interspinous bone of the anal fin. The 1st and 2nd interspinous bones are fused together into a single piece (named here as the anchor bone) which pierces through the air-bladder, dividing it into two intercommunicating chambers at its upper end, and ultimately articulates with the 10th vertebral bone. The lower end of the bone is broad, fan like with one side affording articulation with the 1st and 2nd anal spines. This is an unique feature of great taxonomical importance to L. lactarius, the only species in the family Lactariidae. The anal fin counts (23-27) and vertebral counts (23) are also given.

Emiliano Mac Donagh - Un “Cuento de viejas” y otros cuentos viejos.

Al revisar viejos papeles familiares de nuestro padre, el Dr. Emiliano Mac Donagh (1896 – 1961) hemos descubierto, como escondidos, unos cuentos breves publicados entre 1929 y 1934. Ficcionales, pintorescos, no han figurado en la nómina de sus escritos, con excepción de El Naturalista, publicado en 1929 en el diario La Nación, y recientemente reproducido en la serie ProBiota (http://ictiologíaargentina.blogspot.com/16) Ofrecemos a la curiosidad de los ictiólogos los tres relatos publicados en 1930 en la revista Número, editada en Buenos Aires. Tanto Un cuento de viejas, como El sabio ebrio, y La quimera, el gallo y el elefante tienen a los peces como centro de interés. En los escritos de Emiliano Mac Donagh, que abarcan desde 1922 hasta 1960 con más de ciento setenta títulos, predominan los trabajos científicos alternando con estudios sobre historia de la biología y de los biólogos, o la preocupación por el cuidado del ambiente y temas relacionados. Sin excepción, aparece la zoología como tema vertebral, ya sea analizando una espina de bagre en la calma del laboratorio, ya sea relatando expediciones zoológicas al interior de nuestro país. Coexisten el detalle mínimo que entrega el microscopio con la aventura a campo abierto, pero el estilo es siempre descriptivo, pegado a la realidad, y despojado de cualquier intento de fantasía que traicionaría el rigor requerido por la ciencia. En los breves relatos aquí presentados, en cambio, el autor escapa de la formalidad, incursiona en un género más liberal en sus normas y deja volar su imaginación y su fino sentido de la ironía. Lo hace sin abandonar el asunto que más le atrae: la naturaleza, y en ella, la vida animal. Si bien los cuentos comparten temas centrales del resto de la producción, aquí no encontramos la exactitud fotográfica ni el análisis desapasionado, sino que la anécdota es imaginada y los escenarios reales se ven transformados por enfoques oníricos. Algunos personajes parecen el fiel retrato de alguien conocido mientras que otros suenan esquemáticos, vacíos. La mirada es humorística y a la vez crítica, gozosa sin dejar de ser analítica. Este período de “autor literario” en vez de “relator científico” dura poco: sólo cinco cuentos en cinco años. En la vasta producción no hay otros intentos de recurrir a la ficción para atraer el interés del público general hacia los admirables y admirados habitantes de las aguas. Quizás podríamos encontrar ecos del monólogo final de El sabio ebrio en el ensayo La belleza de los peces (Revista de Educación, La Plata, 1957) pero en este último el estilo es académico. El cambio de género literario podría sugerir un deseo de cambio vocacional, el cansancio frente a la aparente monotonía y estrictez de los registros científicos. Al plantear el dilema entre observar seres vivos en su medio natural o conservar sus cuerpos para los estudios científicos se insinuaría una encrucijada profesional. En 1930 habrá sido una disyuntiva, aludida en el recurrente contraste entre ambientes cerrados, poblados de frascos, vitrinas y mesas de taxidermia en contraposición con la abierta amplitud de ríos y playas, bosques y cielos. Aludida, también, al atribuir a personajes que las encarnan, dos tipos de sabiduría: una erudita, nacida del estudio, y otra pragmática, forjada en la experiencia. Sin embargo, el tema medular sigue siendo la ictiología: los peces, sus vidas y ámbitos, los nombres que les damos. El nuevo estilo revelaría más bien la intención de jerarquizar los asuntos dilectos envolviéndolos en una forma literaria más libre – y supuestamente más elevada. Creemos captar un latido de euforia, el impulso de compartir la emoción de un descubrimiento, el deseo de conservar la mirada ingenua y la capacidad de asombro ante el maravilloso mundo natural que nos rodea. Que esto se logre más acabadamente por medio de un cuento que a través de un informe, y que la ficción alcance mayor audiencia con la cual compartir la gozosa experiencia del conocimiento, son las cuestiones que nos deja pendientes este naturalista que – por breve tiempo – se volvió cuentista. Mary Mac Donagh de von Reichenbach

Efecto de la radiación ultravioleta sobre los ecosistemas acuáticos

Hasta hace poco tiempo se consideraba que la radiación ultravioleta carecía de importancia como factor ambiental en los ecosistemas acuáticos, ya que se suponía que se absorbía totalmente en los primeros centímetros de la columna de agua. Gracias al desarrollo de mejores instrumentos de medición, hoy se sabe que la penetración de la radiación ultravioleta en el agua es mucho mayor que la estimada anteriormente, y que sus efectos biológicos resultan observables hasta decenas de metros de profundidad. Este artículo de divulgación científica incluye, además de lecturas sugeridas, información del ozono estratosférico y troposférico, y sobre factores que afectan la intensidad de la radiación ultravioleta que llega a la superficie terrestre.

A TAXONOMIC REVIEW OF TYLOTOTRITON VERRUCOSUS ANDERSON (AMPHIBIA, CAUDATA, SALAMANDRIDAE)

Generally it has not been recognized that salamanders of two distinctive color morphs currently are assigned to Tylototriton verrucosus Anderson. One form is uniformly dark brown dorsally, with bright orange coloration confined to the ventral edge of the tail; the other has a dark brown to black dorsal ground color with orange dorsolateral warts, an orange vertebral crest, and orange lateral and medial crests on the head. In addition, the limbs and ventrolateral surfaces of the second form have a variable pattern of orange coloration. The brown form occurs in northeastern India, Nepal, northern Burma, Bhutan, northern Thailand, the type locality in extreme western Yunnan, and perhaps in northern Vietnam. The orange-patterned form occurs only in western Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China. The two forms appear to be allopatric but occur close together in the area of the type locality near the Burma border in western Yunnan. There is no evidence of color intergradation in specimens from this region. Analyses of morphometric and meristic characters, however, suggest the possibility of limited genetic exchange between adjacent populations of brown and orange-patterned forms in western Yunnan. The genetic and taxonomic relationships between the two forms is not fully resolved. However, these two highly distinctive forms obviously have evolved along independent trajectories and merit taxonomic recognition. We therefore propose to restrict the concept of Tylototriton verrucosus to the brown form and designate a neotype for that purpose, and we describe a new species to receive the orange-patterned form.

Reproductive effects of prenatal exposure to nonylphenol on zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Mature female and male zebrafish were separated and exposed to nonylphenol (NP) at 0.1, 1, 10, 50, 100 and 500 mu g/L, respectively, for 3 weeks. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) in both sexes and vitellogenin (VTG) induction in males was measured as the bioindicators for the impairment to the parents. The results indicated that 50 mu g/L of NP was the non-observed effect concentration (NOEC) for GSI and VTG induction. Afterwards, the 50 mu g/L NP exposed females and males, and the control females and males were cross-wise pair-bred in the control water for one week to examine the reproductive effects. The embryonic cathepsin D (CAT D) activity, eggshell thickness, fecundity, hatching rate and malformation (vertebral column flexure) rate of offspring were determined in the four pair-bred groups. While endpoints remained unchanged in the groups with exposed males, prenatal exposure of females to 50 mu g/L of NP resulted in the impairment of reproduction in groups with exposed females including inhibition of CAT D activity (P < 0.05), decrease of eggshell thickness (by 23.6%) and elevation of malformation rate (P < 0.001). These results suggested NP could induce reproductive damage to zebrafish at NOEC for parents. The results also imply that alterations of CAT D activity and eggshell thickness may be more sensitive biomarkers to indicate the reproductive effects caused by endocrine disrupting chemicals. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights is reserved.

Cytoplasmic impact on cross-genus cloned fish derived from transgenic common carp (Cyprinus carpio) nuclei and goldfish (Carassius auratus) enucleated eggs

In previous studies of nuclear transplantation, most cloned animals were obtained by intraspecies nuclear transfer and are phenotypically identical to their nuclear donors; furthermore, there was no further report on successful fish cloning since the report of cloned zebrafish. Here we report the production of seven cross-genus cloned fish by transferring nuclei from transgenic common carp into enucleated eggs of goldfish. Nuclear genomes of the cloned fish were exclusively derived from the nuclear donor species, common carp, whereas the mitochondrial DNA from the donor carp gradually disappeared during the development of nuclear transfer (NT) embryos. The somite development process and somite number of nuclear transplants were consistent with the recipient species, goldfish, rather than the nuclear donor species, common carp. This resulted in a long-lasting effect on the vertebral numbers of the cloned fish, which belonged to the range of goldfish. These demonstrate that fish egg cytoplasm not only can support the development driven by transplanted nuclei from a distantly related species at the genus scale but also can modulate development of the nuclear transplants.

Lineamientos para el diseño y desarrollo de la identidad corporativa en los talleres artesanales.

El documento incluye el cuadro del plan de viaje en el que se correlacionan los datos de las fechas de ejecución de las actividades, la actividad prevista en el plan, los logros y las observaciones (donde aparecen los resultados de la evaluación hecha a través de las visitas a los talleres); utilizado tanto como guía de ejecución como información de su realización. Incluye otro cuadro en el que en la columna de observaciones y realizaciones anota los resultados de la visita de evaluación efectuada a cada uno de los talleres firmada en cada caso por el beneficiario.

100 Nuevas líneas de productos artesanales.

25 hojas : ilustraciones, cuadros.

Digestibilidad proteica de dietas para Randiá (Rhamdia quelen) utilizando fuentes alternativas de proteína en reemplazo de la harina de pescado

A fin de evaluar la posibilidad de reducir costos de alimentación en cultivo de Ramdia quelen, se realizaron dos ensayos experimentales. Uno orientado al cálculo de la digestibilidad in vivo de diferentes dietas con el fin de analizar como afecta el remplazo de la harina de pescado en su digestibilidad proteica. Por otro lado, un ensayo de crecimiento en jaulas para calcular su desempeño productivo. Ambas experiencias fueron realizadas en el Centro Nacional de Desarrollo Acuícola (provincia de Corrientes, 27°32´S,58°30´W) utilizando dos dietas experimentales (15 y 11 por ciento de harina de pescado) junto a un Control (20 por ciento). Para los estudios de digestibilidad se utilizó Cr2O3 como marcador inerte, recolectando las heces en tanques cilindro-cónicos de 150 L conectados a una columna de decantación. Sólo fueron observadas diferencias significativas utilizando p=0,1 (P = 0,0764) en los valores de CDA de la proteína obtenidos entre el Control y la D2, sin observarse diferencias entre estas y la D1. La experiencia en campo se desarrolló en jaulas de 1 m3, con peces de un Peso Inicial promedio aproximado de 28 g, a una densidad de 300 individuos/jaula,durante 197 días de cultivo. Los Pesos Finales promediaron 302,81; 287,07 y 273,39 g para las dietas Control, D1 y D2, respectivamente, observando diferencias significativas (P menor a 0.05) en el IPD, la TEP obtenida con la dieta Control superó a la de la D2 (P menor a 0.05) y no observándose diferencias significativas (P mayor a 0.05) en el FCR alcanzado con las diferentes dietas. Al analizarse los rendimientos obtenidos y los costos de las raciones suministradas, puede evidenciarse que si bien a medida que se reemplaza la proteína de origen animal, el precio por tonelada de dieta elaborada se reduce levemente,este se incrementa al analizar el costo del alimento por tonelada de pescado producido debido a un menor desempeño productivo de los peces.

Accidentes en trabajadores ganaderos en Santa Fe, Argentina

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Development of a bovine collagen-apatitic calcium phosphate cement for potential fracture treatment through vertebroplasty

The aim of this study was to examine the potential of incorporating bovine fibres as a means of reinforcing a typically brittle apatite calcium phosphate cement for vertebroplasty. Type I collagen derived from bovine Achilles tendon was ground cryogenically to produce an average fibre length of 0.96 ± 0.55 mm and manually mixed into the powder phase of an apatite-based cement at 1, 3 or 5 wt.%. Fibre addition of up to 5 wt.% had a significant effect (P = 0.001) on the fracture toughness, which was increased by 172%. Adding =1 wt.% bovine collagen fibres did not compromise the compressive properties significantly, however, a decrease of 39-53% was demonstrated at =3 wt.% fibre loading. Adding bovine collagen to the calcium phosphate cement reduced the initial and final setting times to satisfy the clinical requirements stated for vertebroplasty. The cement viscosity increased in a linear manner (R = 0.975) with increased loading of collagen fibres, such that the injectability was found to be reduced by 83% at 5 wt.% collagen loading. This study suggests for the first time the potential application of a collagen-reinforced calcium phosphate cement as a viable option in the treatment of vertebral fractures, however, issues surrounding efficacious cement delivery need to be addressed. © 2012 Acta Materialia Inc.