A textbook of anatomy for nurses,

Mode of access: Internet.

Medical physiology.

"Based on the ninth edition of [Macleod's] Physiology in modern medicine," first published under title: Physiology and biochemistry in modern medicine.

Textbook of physiology,

Mode of access: Internet.

Physiology and biochemistry in modern medicine,

Mode of access: Internet.

Macleod's Physiology in modern medicine,

Mode of access: Internet.

Pettibone's textbook of physiological chemistry with experiments,

Mode of access: Internet.

Bacteriology for nurses,

Mode of access: Internet.

The Harvey lectures : delivered under the auspices of the Harvey Society of New York, 1913-1914 /

Includes bibliographical references.

Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums.

Description based on: 2. Jahrg., No. 1 (2. Jan. 1838)

Allergy, asthma, hay fever, urticaria and allied manifestations of reaction,

Mode of access: Internet.

DHEW health research principles /

Contains conference report from the National Conference on Health Research Principles held October 3 and 4, 1978 at the National Institutes of Health.

Oral surgery,

Mode of access: Internet.

Management of the sick infant and child,

Mode of access: Internet.

Epidemiology and public health; a text and reference book for physicians, medical students and health workers,

Bibliography at end of each chapter.

Substance P preferentially inhibits large conductance nicotinic ACh receptor channels in rat intracardiac ganglion neurons

The effects of substance P (SP) on nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh)-evoked currents were investigated in parasympathetic neurons dissociated from neonatal rat intracardiac ganglia using standard whole cell, perforated patch, and outside-out recording configurations of the patch-clamp technique. Focal application of SP onto the soma reversibly decreased the peak amplitude of the ACh-evoked current with half-maximal inhibition occurring at 45 mu M and complete block at 300 mu M SP. Whole cell current-voltage (I-V) relationships obtained in the absence and presence of SP indicate that the block of ACh-evoked currents by SP is voltage independent. The rate of decay of ACh-evoked currents was increased sixfold in the presence of SP (100 mu M), suggesting that SP may increase the rate of receptor desensitization. SP-induced inhibition of ACh-evoked currents was observed following cell dialysis and in the presence of either 1 mM 8-Br-cAMP, a membrane-permeant cAMP analogue, 5 mu M H-7, a protein kinase C inhibitor, or 2 mM intracellular AMP-PNP, a nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue. These data suggest that a diffusible cytosolic second messenger is unlikely to mediate SP inhibition of neuronal nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) channels. Activation of nAChR channels in outside-out membrane patches by either ACh (3 mu M) or cytisine (3 mu M) indicates the presence of at least three distinct conductances (20, 35, and 47 pS) in rat intracardiac neurons. In the presence of 3 mu M SP, the large conductance nAChR channels are preferentially inhibited. The open probabilities of the large conductance classes activated by either ACh or cytisine were reversibly decreased by 10- to 30-fold in the presence of SP. The single-channel conductances were unchanged, and mean apparent channel open times for the large conductance nAChR channels only were slightly decreased by SP. Given that individual parasympathetic neurons of rat intracardiac ganglia express a heterogeneous population of nAChR subunits represented by the different conductance levels, SP appears to preferentially inhibit those combinations of nAChR subunits that form the large conductance nAChR channels. Since ACh is the principal neurotransmitter of extrinsic (vagal) innervation of the mammalian heart, SP may play an important role in modulating autonomic control of the heart.