The Ghana National Service Scheme: Perceptions of former educational personnel, students and guardians

The purpose of this inquiry was to investigate the perceptions of former service personnel, students and their parents about the organizational effectiveness of the Ghana National Service Scheme (GNSS). The inquiry addressed the following questions: How do the participants perceive the effectiveness of the national service program on the Ghanaian society? What are the perceptions of school administrators who worked with service personnel, parents and students vis-à-vis the over all impact of the GNSS on the educational system? What are the perceptions of former service personnel, students and their parents in regard to the impact of the GNSS on them? ^ The GNSS is a part within the ministry of education, which is also part in the Ghanaian social structure. Hence, a systems theory approach which asks, “How and why a system as a whole functions as it does” (Patton, 1990), was utilized in the study. Methodologies included purposive sampling; interviews; participant observation, and follow-up interviews. The study was conducted over a six-moth period. ^ A cross-sectional survey design was used to generate data. The survey was followed up with an ethnographic study where in-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted together with observations. The results were described and interpreted. ^ The summary of findings concludes that perceptional determinants of the effectiveness of the GNSS were biased by the age and zone of origin but not gender. This partially agrees with Marenin's (1990) except for gender. A significant difference was detected between the responses of those who were officials of the National service Secretariat and of former service personnel. The administrators defended the status quo and demonstrated their deeper knowledge about the scheme. The former personnel and parents freely criticized the program when necessary and did not seem to know much about the GNSS. Respondents mostly stressed the need for the secretariat to focus on the following areas: (1) involvement in the agricultural sector of the economy, (2) involvement in rural mass, civic and health education, (3) adequacy of remuneration and personnel welfare, and (4) ensuring posting of personnel to areas of their expertise. Recommendation for further research concluded the study. ^

Personnel selection, safety performance, and job performance: Are safe workers better workers?

The present dissertation consists of two studies that combine personnel selection, safety performance, and job performance literatures to answer an important question: are safe workers better workers? Study 1 tested a predictive model of safety performance to examine personality characteristics (conscientiousness and agreeableness), and two novel behavioral constructs (safety orientation and safety judgment) as predictors of safety performance in a sample of forklift loaders/operators (N = 307). Analyses centered on investigating safety orientation as a proximal predictor and determinant of safety performance. Study 2 replicated Study 1 and explored the relationship between safety performance and job performance by testing an integrative model in a sample of machine operators and construction crewmembers (N = 323). Both Study 1 and Study 2 found conscientiousness, agreeableness, and safety orientation to be good predictors of safety performance. While both personality and safety orientation were positively related to safety performance, safety orientation proved to be a more proximal determinant of safety performance. Across studies, results surrounding safety judgment as a predictor of safety performance were inconclusive, suggesting possible issues with measurement of the construct. Study 2 found a strong relationship between safety performance and job performance. In addition, safety performance served as a mediator between predictors (conscientiousness, agreeableness and safety orientation) and job performance. Together these findings suggest that safe workers are indeed better workers, challenging previous viewpoints to the contrary. Further, results implicate the viability of personnel selection as means of promoting safety in organizations.^

Personnel director interviewing job applicant

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Photograph by Freda Leinwand. [463 West Street, Studio 229G, New York, NY 10014].

Personnel manager interviews job applicant

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Photograph by Freda Leinwand. [463 West Street, Studio 229G, New York, NY 10014].

Personnel director

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Credit must be given to Leinwand from Monkmeyer Press Photo Service]

Personnel director talking on telephone

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Credit must be given to Leinwand from Monkmeyer Press Photo Service]

Personnel director interviewing job applicant

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Photograph by Freda Leinwand. [463 West Street, Studio 229G, New York, NY 10014].

Women at work: personnel director interviewing applicant.

Inscription: Verso: Women at work: miscellaneous occupations. Gail Lewis, personnel directior interviewing applicant, Hertz Corp.

Le style de gestion du personnel comme déterminant des comportements antisociaux observés au travail

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Le style de gestion du personnel comme déterminant des comportements antisociaux observés au travail

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

A Scoping Review of Psychological Interventions for PTSD in Military Personnel and Veterans.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has emerged as a key concern for military and veteran populations. This article describes what is being done programmatically and therapeutically to treat PTSD in military personnel and veterans returning from deployment. This scoping review demonstrates that (1) research published in this area has been rapidly increasing since its inception in the 1980s; (2) the vast majority of articles focus on cognitive-behavioral approaches to treatment, and this area of the literature presents strong evidence for these approaches; and (3) there is a lack of randomized controlled trials for treatments, such as art therapies and group therapies.

Task sharing within a managed clinical network to improve child health in Malawi

BACKGROUND: Eighty per cent of Malawi's 8 million children live in rural areas, and there is an extensive tiered health system infrastructure from village health clinics to district hospitals which refers patients to one of the four central hospitals. The clinics and district hospitals are staffed by nurses, non-physician clinicians and recently qualified doctors. There are 16 paediatric specialists working in two of the four central hospitals which serve the urban population as well as accepting referrals from district hospitals. In order to provide expert paediatric care as close to home as possible, we describe our plan to task share within a managed clinical network and our hypothesis that this will improve paediatric care and child health.

PRESENTATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS: Managed clinical networks have been found to improve equity of care in rural districts and to ensure that the correct care is provided as close to home as possible. A network for paediatric care in Malawi with mentoring of non-physician clinicians based in a district hospital by paediatricians based at the central hospitals will establish and sustain clinical referral pathways in both directions. Ultimately, the plan envisages four managed paediatric clinical networks, each radiating from one of Malawi's four central hospitals and covering the entire country. This model of task sharing within four hub-and-spoke networks may facilitate wider dissemination of scarce expertise and improve child healthcare in Malawi close to the child's home.

TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS: Funding has been secured to train sufficient personnel to staff all central and district hospitals in Malawi with teams of paediatric specialists in the central hospitals and specialist non-physician clinicians in each government district hospital. The hypothesis will be tested using a natural experiment model. Data routinely collected by the Ministry of Health will be corroborated at the district. This will include case fatality rates for common childhood illness, perinatal mortality and process indicators. Data from different districts will be compared at baseline and annually until 2020 as the specialists of both cadres take up posts.

IMPLICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS: If a managed clinical network improves child healthcare in Malawi, it may be a potential model for the other countries in sub-Saharan Africa with similar cadres in their healthcare system and face similar challenges in terms of scarcity of specialists.

Improving the Utilization of Front-Line Service Delivery System Personnel

There are two types of work typically performed in services which differ in the degree of control management has over when the work must be done. Serving customers, an activity that can occur only when customers are in the system is, by its nature, uncontrollable work. In contrast, the execution of controllable work does not require the presence of customers, and is work over which management has some degree of temporal control. This paper presents two integer programming models for optimally scheduling controllable work simultaneously with shifts. One model explicitly defines variables for the times at which controllable work may be started, while the other uses implicit modeling to reduce the number of variables. In an initial experiment of 864 test problems, the latter model yielded optimal solutions in approximately 81 percent of the time required by the former model. To evaluate the impact on customer service of having front-line employees perform controllable work, a second experiment was conducted simulating 5,832 service delivery systems. The results show that controllable work offers a useful means of improving labor utilization. Perhaps more important, it was found that having front-line employees perform controllable work did not degrade the desired level of customer service.

Les représentations du travail des jeunes salariés d'agence de location de personnel

Le travail est un phénomène social total au coeur des mécanismes de production et de reproduction de la société moderne. Les changements dans les modes de régulation et dans les représentations sociales que se font les acteurs sociaux du travail font de ce dernier un objet d’étude pertinent pour comprendre les transformations que subissent les sociétés occidentales. Dans ce contexte, les agences de location de personnel deviennent des agents régulateurs adaptés aux logiques du monde du travail postfordiste. L’objectif de ce mémoire est de dégager les formes que peut revêtir le rapport au travail chez les jeunes salariés employés par le biais d’agences de location de personnel. À partir d’un corpus de données empiriques discursives, l’enquête expose le rapport transactionnel que possèdent ces salariés envers les agences de placement. Les analyses plus fines dégagent quatre rapports types envers le travail en agence de placement : le rapport de l’opportuniste, le rapport de l’aspirant, le rapport du contenté et le rapport du résigné. C’est en s’intéressant à l’articulation entre les stratégies individuelles mobilisées, la centralité relative du travail et le cheminement ainsi que les perspectives d’avenir que sont dégagées les logiques inhérentes à chacun des rapports types identifiés, témoignant des multiples formes que peut prendre le rapport au travail des jeunes salariés en agence de location de personnel.

Création d’un groupe de soutien au développement de l’identité professionnelle du nouveau personnel enseignant en techniques humaines.

Cette recherche porte sur le thème de l’accompagnement du développement de l’identité professionnelle pour le nouveau personnel enseignant en techniques humaines. Plus précisément, nous voulons mesurer l’impact d’un projet novateur, soit la création d’un groupe de soutien en période d’insertion professionnelle. La problématique s’articule principalement autour du fait que, dans les trois techniques humaines ciblées, les nouveaux professeurs et professeures sont embauchés d’abord et avant tout pour leurs compétences disciplinaires. À leur arrivée au collégial, leur emploi est précaire et leurs tâches morcelées. Malgré le fait qu’ils débutent dans un état d’urgence, cette transition professionnelle semble être laissée pour compte ainsi que le soutien psychologique. Ce contexte, qui favorise l’isolement, influence parfois la motivation à s’engager dans leur deuxième carrière. Au cégep de Sainte-Foy, il n’existe pas de mentorat départemental ni d’accompagnement spécifique. Seul le programme d’accueil et d’intégration offre une série d’activités obligatoires. Le cadre de référence présente deux classifications des besoins du nouveau personnel enseignant au collégial au regard des travaux de Raymond (2001) et Caplan, Clough, Ellis et Muncey (2009). La recension des écrits nous a également permis de distinguer l’insertion, l’identité et le développement professionnels. Les différents dispositifs d’insertion pédagogique des nouveaux enseignants ont également fait l’objet d’une recherche documentaire. Ces assises théoriques ont guidé le choix du développement de notre groupe de soutien sous l’angle d’une communauté d’apprentissage favorisant l’interaction entre pairs. Cet essai poursuit trois objectifs : 1) concevoir le processus d’accompagnement et la trousse éducative pour le groupe de soutien, 2) valider le processus d’accompagnement et la trousse éducative auprès d’un groupe de nouveaux professeurs et professeures provenant des trois techniques humaines et 3) analyser le point de vue de professeurs et professeures par rapport au processus d’accompagnement et à la trousse éducative proposés. Nos objectifs de recherche nécessitaient une méthodologie appropriée. Celleci repose sur une approche méthodologique qualitative, une posture épistémologique interprétative et une recherche de type recherche développement. Dix participantes ont pris part au processus d’accompagnement proposé soit : des entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées et des rencontres de groupe. Les données ont été recueillies grâce à des entrevues semi-dirigées, des rencontres de groupe de discussion, des autoévaluations des participantes ainsi qu’un questionnaire d’évaluation finale. La triangulation des méthodes de collecte de données a été utilisée afin d’assurer la rigueur de nos travaux. L’analyse de contenu s’est faite par l’entremise du logiciel Transana qui a aidé à la transcription des enregistrements, au codage et à la production de rapports synthèse. La dimension éthique a été au coeur de nos préoccupations et nous avons d’ailleurs pris plusieurs précautions à cet effet. Les données obtenues nous ont permis de répondre à notre question de recherche en démontrant que la création du groupe de soutien a eu des retombées positives sur le nouveau personnel enseignant en techniques humaines. Ce nouveau dispositif d’accompagnement a permis de raffiner la classification des besoins de notre cadre de référence. Les catégories émergentes ont révélé des spécificités propres à la deuxième carrière. La formule du groupe de soutien telle que mise à l’essai a, pour sa part, été fortement appréciée des participantes autant pour son fonctionnement que pour son contenu. L’ensemble de ce processus a bonifié la représentation de l’identité professionnelle de Gohier et al. (2001). Les données obtenues nous ont également permis de valider notre cadre d’intervention et de dégager des éléments favorisant la transférabilité des résultats obtenus. Nous pensons d’ailleurs que le groupe de soutien constitue une avenue pertinente et essentielle au sein de la communauté collégiale.