Entwicklung einer mechanisch-verschlussgesicherten Kopplelvorrichtung mit integriertem elektrischen Lademechanismus für Elektroroller

Im Rahmen dieser Bachelorarbeit wurde eine Lösung von einer mechanisch verschlussgesicherten Koppelvorrichtung mit integriertem elektrischen Lademechanismus für Elektroroller entwickelt. Davon bezieht es sich auf die Scooter (E-Fahrrad) von REVOLUZER. Das Ziel ist, dass wenn der Elektroroller aufgeladen wird, der E-Roller auch unter Verschluss gegen Diebstahl geschlossen wird. Gemäß der Aufgabenstellung wurden die technischen Daten von Scooter beherrscht. Ebenfalls wird der Bedarf für das System der Hochschule Anhalt bewertet. Im Folgenden wurde der Stand der Technik von weltweit elektrischen Ladestationen für Zweiräder dargestellt, davon waren der mechanische Diebstahlsicherungsschutz und die elektrische Ladevorrichtung Schwerpunkte. Mit morphologischem Kasten wurden die eigenen Lösungen ausführlich entworfen. Davon sind die entsprechende Darstellung mit Hilfe von CAD Programm (Catia Programm) und mit Werteskala für Nutzwertanalyse und Richtlinie VDI 2225 besser zu analysieren und zu bewerten. Nach der Auswahl aus allen Lösungen wurde Festigkeit für Nutzungstauglichkeit nachgewiesen.

Integrated Dimensional Variation Management in the Digital Factory

This paper describes how dimensional variation management could be integrated throughout design, manufacture and verification, to improve quality while reducing cycle times and manufacturing cost in the Digital Factory environment. Initially variation analysis is used to optimize tolerances during product and tooling design and also results in the creation of a simplified representation of product key characteristics. This simplified representation can then be used to carry out measurability analysis and process simulation. The link established between the variation analysis model and measurement processes can subsequently be used throughout the production process to automatically update the variation analysis model in real time with measurement data. This ‘live’ simulation of variation during manufacture will allow early detection of quality issues and facilitate autonomous measurement assisted processes such as predictive shimming. A study is described showing how these principles can be demonstrated using commercially available software combined with a number of prototype applications operating as discrete modules. The commercially available modules include Catia/Delmia for product and process design, 3DCS for variation analysis and Spatial Analyzer for measurement simulation. Prototype modules are used to carry out measurability analysis and instrument selection. Realizing the full potential of Metrology in the Digital Factory will require that these modules are integrated and software architecture to facilitate this is described. Crucially this integration must facilitate the use of realtime metrology data describing the emerging assembly to update the digital model.

Environmental Dynamics of Dissolved Black Carbon in Wetlands

Wetlands are ecosystems commonly characterized by elevated levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and although they cover a surface area less than 2 % worldwide, they are an important carbon source representing an estimated 15 % of global annual DOC flux to the oceans. Because of their unique hydrological characteristics, fire can be an important ecological driver in pulsed wetland systems. Consequently, wetlands may be important sources not only of DOC but also of products derived from biomass burning, such as dissolved black carbon (DBC). However, the biogeochemistry of DBC in wetlands has not been studied in detail. The objective of this study is to determine the environmental dynamics of DBC in different fire-impacted wetlands. An intensive, 2-year spatial and temporal dynamics study of DBC in a coastal wetland, the Everglades (Florida) system, as well as one-time sampling surveys for the other two inland wetlands, Okavango Delta (Botswana) and the Pantanal (Brazil), were reported. Our data reveal that DBC dynamics are strongly coupled with the DOC dynamics regardless of location, season or recent fire history. The statistically significant linear regression between DOC and DBC was applied to estimate DBC fluxes to the coastal zone through two main riverine DOC export routes in the Everglades ecosystem. The presence of significant amounts of DBC in these three fire-impacted ecosystems suggests that sub-tropical wetlands could represent an important continental-ocean carrier of combustion products from biomass burning. The discrimination of DBC molecular structure (i.e. aromaticity) between coastal and terrestrial samples, and between samples collected in wet and dry season, suggests that spatially-significant variation in DBC source strength and/or degree of degradation may also influence DBC dynamics.

Economising, Strategising and the Vertical Boundaries of the Firm

Acknowledgments: We are grateful to Celine Azemar, Ron Davies, Rodolphe Desbordes, Hartmut Egger, Holger Görg, Michael Moore, Ali Naghavi, Peter Neary, Pascalis RaimondosMøller, Ian Wooton and two anonymous referees for useful comments and suggestions. The usual disclaimer applies.

Effets de l'administration chronique de l'hormone de croissance sur l'expression et les concentrations sériques des peptides natriurétiques chez le hamster cardiomyopathique UM-X7.1

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Effets de l'administration chronique de l'hormone de croissance sur l'expression et les concentrations sériques des peptides natriurétiques chez le hamster cardiomyopathique UM-X7.1

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

El color en los códices prehispánicos del México Central: identificación material, cualidad plástica y valor estético

Este artículo investiga algunos de los valores plásticos y estéticos que presidieron la selección y la preparación de las materias colorantes empleadas para iluminar los códices creados por los nahuas del México Central durante el Posclásico Tardío. Estos códices son interesantes porque análisis arqueométricos y exámenes codicológicos recientes han permitido conocer la materialidad de su capa pictórica, así como las características formales y el comportamiento de los colores en estas obras. Uno de los aportes trascendentales de estos estudios ha sido averiguar que la paleta cromática que sirvió para pintar los códices del México Central era principalmente de origen orgánico, lo que contrasta con la naturaleza de los pigmentos detectados en restos de pintura mural y en esculturas creadas por los nahuas que son sobre todo minerales. El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre las razones de esas diferencias y demostrar que el uso de los colorantes orgánicos en los códices respondía a un fin plástico específico que concordaba con el canon estético imperante en la sociedad náhuatl.

Aerodynamic optimization using Adjoint methods and parametric CAD models

This paper describes an implementation of a method capable of integrating parametric, feature based, CAD models based on commercial software (CATIA) with the SU2 software framework. To exploit the adjoint based methods for aerodynamic optimisation within the SU2, a formulation to obtain geometric sensitivities directly from the commercial CAD parameterisation is introduced, enabling the calculation of gradients with respect to CAD based design variables. To assess the accuracy and efficiency of the alternative approach, two aerodynamic optimisation problems are investigated: an inviscid, 3D, problem with multiple constraints, and a 2D high-lift aerofoil, viscous problem without any constraints. Initial results show the new parameterisation obtaining reliable optimums, with similar levels of performance of the software native parameterisations. In the final paper, details of computing CAD sensitivities will be provided, including accuracy as well as linking geometric sensitivities to aerodynamic objective functions and constraints; the impact in the robustness of the overall method will be assessed and alternative parameterisations will be included.

Parametric CAD model based shape optimization using adjoint functions

Adjoint methods have proven to be an efficient way of calculating the gradient of an objective function with respect to a shape parameter for optimisation, with a computational cost nearly independent of the number of the design variables [1]. The approach in this paper links the adjoint surface sensitivities (gradient of objective function with respect to the surface movement) with the parametric design velocities (movement of the surface due to a CAD parameter perturbation) in order to compute the gradient of the objective function with respect to CAD variables.
For a successful implementation of shape optimization strategies in practical industrial cases, the choice of design variables or parameterisation scheme used for the model to be optimized plays a vital role. Where the goal is to base the optimization on a CAD model the choices are to use a NURBS geometry generated from CAD modelling software, where the position of the NURBS control points are the optimisation variables [2] or to use the feature based CAD model with all of the construction history to preserve the design intent [3]. The main advantage of using the feature based model is that the optimized model produced can be directly used for the downstream applications including manufacturing and process planning.
This paper presents an approach for optimization based on the feature based CAD model, which uses CAD parameters defining the features in the model geometry as the design variables. In order to capture the CAD surface movement with respect to the change in design variable, the “Parametric Design Velocity” is calculated, which is defined as the movement of the CAD model boundary in the normal direction due to a change in the parameter value.
The approach presented here for calculating the design velocities represents an advancement in terms of capability and robustness of that described by Robinson et al. [3]. The process can be easily integrated to most industrial optimisation workflows and is immune to the topology and labelling issues highlighted by other CAD based optimisation processes. It considers every continuous (“real value”) parameter type as an optimisation variable, and it can be adapted to work with any CAD modelling software, as long as it has an API which provides access to the values of the parameters which control the model shape and allows the model geometry to be exported. To calculate the movement of the boundary the methodology employs finite differences on the shape of the 3D CAD models before and after the parameter perturbation. The implementation procedure includes calculating the geometrical movement along a normal direction between two discrete representations of the original and perturbed geometry respectively. Parametric design velocities can then be directly linked with adjoint surface sensitivities to extract the gradients to use in a gradient-based optimization algorithm.
The optimisation of a flow optimisation problem is presented, in which the power dissipation of the flow in an automotive air duct is to be reduced by changing the parameters of the CAD geometry created in CATIA V5. The flow sensitivities are computed with the continuous adjoint method for a laminar and turbulent flow [4] and are combined with the parametric design velocities to compute the cost function gradients. A line-search algorithm is then used to update the design variables and proceed further with optimisation process.

Intelligent DMU creation: Nominal CAD model preparation for automated tolerance allocation

This paper examines the integration of a tolerance design process within the Computer-Aided Design (CAD) environment having identified the potential to create an intelligent Digital Mock-Up [1]. The tolerancing process is complex in nature and as such reliance on Computer-Aided Tolerancing (CAT) software and domain experts can create a disconnect between the design and manufacturing disciplines It is necessary to implement the tolerance design procedure at the earliest opportunity to integrate both disciplines and to reduce workload in tolerance analysis and allocation at critical stages in product development when production is imminent.
The work seeks to develop a methodology that will allow for a preliminary tolerance allocation procedure within CAD. An approach to tolerance allocation based on sensitivity analysis is implemented on a simple assembly to review its contribution to an intelligent DMU. The procedure is developed using Python scripting for CATIA V5, with analysis results aligning with those in literature. A review of its implementation and requirements is presented.

O problema de alocação de berços: um estudo das heurísticas simulated annealing e algoritmo genético

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso das heurísticas Simulated Annealing e Algoritmo Genético para um problema de grande relevância encontrado no sistema portuário, o Problema de Alocação em Berços. Esse problema aborda a programação e a alocação de navios às áreas de atracação ao longo de um cais. A modelagem utilizada nesta pesquisa é apresentada por Mauri (2008) [28] que trata do problema como uma Problema de Roteamento de Veículos com Múltiplas Garagens e sem Janelas de Tempo. Foi desenvolvido um ambiente apropriado para testes de simulação, onde o cenário de análise foi constituido a partir de situações reais encontradas na programação de navios de um terminal de contêineres. Os testes computacionais realizados mostram a performance das heurísticas em relação a função objetivo e o tempo computacional, a m de avaliar qual das técnicas apresenta melhores resultados.

Uma metodologia heurística para minimizar o roteiro nos serviços de leitura de hidrômetros

Este trabalho tem por objetivo propor uma metodologia heurística para o Problema de Cobertura de Arcos aplicado aos serviços de saneamento, em específico na leitura de hidrômetros. Dentro deste contexto desenvolveu-se um aplicativo que permite o planejamento de rotas de maneira que os custos em distância percorrida sejam reduzidos e mantenham-se aproximadamente os mesmos em todos os percursos. A metodologia foi dividida em etapas. Na primeira etapa, para compreender melhor o problema, fez-se uma pesquisa de campo organizando os dados disponibilizados por uma empresa de saneamento. A segunda etapa foi caracterizada pela determinação de pontos em cada metade de trechos de quadra e nas interseções de ruas, os quais foram cadastrados, em um mapa georeferenciado. Este mapa contemplou a região escolhida para o estudo e os pontos cadastrados serviram para determinar e consequentemente, designar as medianas relacionadas, o que constitui a terceira etapa. Para isso utilizou-se respectivamente o algoritmo de Teitz Bart Modificado por CADP e o algoritmo de designação de Gillet e Johnson adaptado. Ao final desta etapa formaram-se subsetores dentro de um setor específico. Na última etapa encontrou-se as rotas de cada subsetor através do algoritmo genético. O aplicativo desenvolvido permitiu flexibilidade de ações, dando autonomia para o usuário na escolha das opções de cálculo. Sua interface gráfica possibilitou a elaboração de mapas e a visualização das rotas em cada subsetor. Além disso o aplicativo minimizou os percursos e distribuiu os subsetores com distâncias aproximadas. A eficiência das heurísticas que embasaram o aplicativo desenvolvido, foi comprovada através dos testes realizados, os quais obtiveram resultados de boa qualidade.

Estudos de vias sintéticas catalíticas para benzociclo-alcanois e análogos: potenciais fármacos para doença de Alzhjeimer

A doença de Alzheimer constitui uma ameaça significativa a nível mundial. Estima-se que, mundialmente existam cerca de 35 milhões de pessoas afetadas por este tipo de demência. Os compostos contendo um esqueleto benzocicloalcanol (que incluem benzofuranos e di-hidrobenzofuranóis) mostram atividades biológicas significativas e possuem muito potencial no tratamento das doenças neurodegenerativas. Nos últimos anos têm havido avanços significativos no campo das reações catalisadas por metais. As reações de adição nucleófila intramolecular e a de Heck intramolecular constituem metodologias importantes para a síntese de benzocicloalcanóis. No âmbito deste trabalho, pretendia-se sintetizar uma biblioteca de compostos contendo um esqueleto benzocicloalcanol. A estratégia adotada para a síntese de dihidrobenzofuranóis envolveu um método de ciclização catalítica de cetonas aril-éteres e para a síntese de benzofuranos, um método de ciclização catalítico de enoatos e enamidas (amidas de Weinreb). Várias condições foram estudadas; Abstract: Studies on Synthetic Catalytic Pathways to Benzocycloalkanols and Derivatives – Potential Drugs for Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer's disease constitutes a significant threat worldwide. It is estimated that are about 35 million people worldwide suffering from this type of dementia. The compounds containing a benzocycloalkanol scaffold (including benzofurans and dihydrobenzofurans) show significant biological activity and have great potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years there have been many advances in the field of catalyzed reactions by transition-metals. The intramolecular nucleophilic addition and the intramolecular Heck reactions constitute important methods for the synthesis of benzocycloalkanols. Within this work, the main goal was to synthesize a library of compounds containing a benzocycloalkanol scaffold. The adopted strategy for the synthesis of dihydrobenzofurans was the catalytic cyclization of aryl ether ketones and for the synthesis of benzofurans, the catalytic cyclization of enoates and enamides (Weinreb amides). Several conditions were studied

A importância do suporte nutricional em pessoas queimadas

Introdução: Em Portugal, o número de pessoas queimadas é elevado, com uma incidência estimada de 21,4/100000 (utentes hospitalizados/100000 habitantes por ano), (Francisco et al, 2013). Objetivo: Avaliar a importância do suporte nutricional na pessoa queimada Metodologia: É uma Revisão integrativa da literatura. Foram utilizadas três bases de dados, a Ebscohost, a b-on e a PubMed. Os artigos encontram-se num espaço temporal de cinco anos (2010-2015) e as línguas selecionadas foram o português, espanhol e inglês. Resultados/Discussão: Durante a seleção integral obtiveram-se quatro artigos. Para uma melhor leitura/compreensão da análise dos mesmos, identificaram-se 3 grandes domínios, contudo 2 subdividem-se em 5 subcategorias. Assim, obtiveram-se as três grandes categorias que foram o Hipermetabolismo (como complicação associada às queimaduras), os Macronutrientes e os Micronutrientes (são fatores de cicatrização). Conclusão: Nos utentes queimados para que a cicatrização das feridas e a regeneração de tecidos seja eficaz é necessário que estes tenha uma alimentação variada, rica em macro e micronutrientes.