Ação dos inotrópicos e vasopressores na estabilização hemodinâmica em cães com choque séptico

Septic shock remains one of the most common challenges for the small animal practicing, presenting high mortality rates frequently associated with late identification of this syndrome, as well as an inappropriate treatment. In general, disruption of homeostasis occurs with an intense activation of inflammatory cascade, which leads to a damage to endothelial cells and an exposure to these cytokines, which will result in vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. Thus, there is a drop in blood pressure, even after aggressive fluid resuscitation. Therefore, drugs such as vasopressors, which act by increasing systemic vascular resistance, and inotropes, which have an effect on heart pump, should be administered in order to raise blood pressure, ensuring adequate tissue perfusion. The objective of this review was to gather information about the various drugs used in vasopressors/inotropes therapy, trying to explain the role of each one in different situations, in order to increase the survival rate in dogs affected with septic shock

Análise dos métodos de cálculo de golpe de ariete em tubulações

This work studies the most commonly used methods and make comparisons and discussions of the findings made by each of them and the results provided by them. The objective of this research was to show that the method of characteristics is currently the most efficient method to perform these simulations because of its broad scope low simplifications, requirement allowing to consider every detail of the pipe and fluid. Manual calculations are performed and also a software capable of calculating this phenomenon for various situations, such as water pump, elevated tanks, valves and quick maneuver was developed. The software is based on the method of characteristics that is currently recommended by ABNT. These methods, and the results are obtained numerically and graphically are adopted pipes and amount of downstream conditions and in which will be applied. The conclusions reached showed that the Allievi method is widely used yet because of its efficiency and quick calculation for simple pipes. The method of characteristics, although a lot of work to be calculated due to the calculation is iterative process and requires a program to use it, is the only one that allows the calculation with all amount to the conditions situations and downstream of all the pipe possibilities found

Incorporação da apatita na superfície da liga Ti30ta empregando tratamento alcalino associado à eletrofiação de fibras de PCL

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Low levels of taurine introgression in the current Brazilian Nelore and Gir indicine cattle populations

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Obesity does not lead to imbalance between myocardial phospholamban phosphorylation and dephosphorylation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos da administração em longo prazo do omeprazol sobre a densidade mineral óssea e as propriedades mecânicas do osso

Objectives: Epidemiological studies have shown a relationship between long-term use of proton pump inhibitors and bone metabolism. However, this relationship has not yet become established. The aim of the present study was to analyze the mechanical properties and bone mineral density (BMD) of rats that were subjected to long-term omeprazole use. Methods: Fifty wistar rats weighing between 200 and 240 g were divided equally into five groups: OMP300 (omeprazole intake at a dose of 300 moL/kg/day); OMP200 (200 moL/ kg/day); OMP40 (40 moL/kg/day); OMP10 (10 moL/kg/day); and Cont (control group; intake of dilution vehicle). The solutions were administered for 90 consecutive days. After the rats had been sacrificed, their BMD, the mechanical properties of the dissected femurs and their serum Ca++ levels were analyzed. Results: The BMD of the OMP300 group was lower than that of the controls (p = 0.006). There was no difference in comparing the OMP200, OMP40 and OMP10 groups with the controls. The maximum strength and rigidity of the femur did not differ in the experimental groups in comparison with the controls. The OMP300 group had a statistically lower serum Ca++ concentration than that of the controls (p = 0.049), but the other groups did not show any difference in relation to the controls. Conclusion: Daily intake of 300moL/kg/day of omeprazole decreased the BMD of the femur, but without changes to the rigidity and strength of the femur in adult rats. © 2

Efeito das diferentes direções de aplicação de jato de fluido de corte no torneamento de um aço de difícil usinagem

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise Energética do processo experimental de produção de Biodiesel a partir do óleo de frango

There is a great global concern about the depletion and the high cost of fossil fuel reserves exploitation, more than ever, it is necessary to make a profound study and take advantage of alternative sources that can be used as energy efficiency with an appropriate pricing and low environmental impact. Brazil, which has highlighted using alternative energy sources as the use of ethanol and, in recent years, has been encouraging the expansion of its energy matrix in which the biodiesel will have a strategic importance within the agrobusiness area. Biodiesel is a fuel that can replace the diesel, which is a petroleum derivative. It is an ester, produced in the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils and animal greases, in an alcohol with an additional catalyst, are converted into fatty acids and result in esters with glycerol as sub products. The objective of this study was to estimate the final energy balance for the process biodiesel production from oil chicken waste. The energy balance estimation was quantified in calorific value according to the energy expenditure by calorimetric bomb method. The relationship between input and output of energy was around 0.97. In a first evaluation, the procedures adopted should be improved enough, so the process can become energetic and economically viable.

Desenvolvimento de um sistema de controle para avaliação de fontes de energias renováveis no bombeamento de água

The use of alternative energy systems in the current days is an urgent necessity due to the problems that the planet is facing as the heating and loss of ozone layer. The scarcity of conventional energy is another problem that must be solved for the future of humanity. It must be considered that the people are inhabiting places moved away not always with available energy. The application of technologies as automation and control can help us to solve this problem. Therefore, this work aimed at apply an equipment of industrial usage, the Programmable Logical Controller, PLC, in alternative energies systems, as eolic generation and fotovoltaic generation used for water pumping, aiming the automatic control and the efficiency in the places where it has simultaneous availability of these sources, based in criterion of priority that previously established itself between them. It was made a hydraulic and energetic evaluation of the energy system, eolic and fotovoltaic, used in the automatic control system of pumping, in the place of accomplishment of the experiment, according to previously established physical conditions. The results have shown that the control system using the PLC is practicable and has trustworthiness. The program developed can be adapted for the use with several power plants in a specific application place. The fotovoltaic system of pumping, using a polycrystalline of 70 Watts connected to a pump Shurflo 8000, showed to be efficient with significant flows in almost all the months. The eolic system of pumping, using an eolic generator of 400 Watts assembled in place of experiment, did not demonstrate energetic capacity for use in this specific type of application.

Sistema fotovoltaico monocristalino para bombeamento de água

Since ancient times, it has been a huge challenge to all people around the world to manage to get their fresh water, keeping it clean and providing it to every human being, so that it can be used for their daily needs. This is especially true for small properties in the countryside and in isolated areas with low demographic density. Pumping the water in those regions is a solution that rationalizes its use in domestic chores, in animal rearing and in the irrigation systems of cultivated areas. Making feasible local, renewable and non-polluted energetic alternatives is the aim for those areas that are usually far away from the public electric network. Using photovoltaic solar energy is the alternative now proposed. For this objective was built a system with two monocrystalline panels, one pump, two water tanks, two level sensors and a solenoid valve to pump water, using a pump powered an array of monocrystalline solar panels. The main goal was to compare their rate of water flow and their energy consumption. The use of one data acquisition equipment allowed collecting meteorological, electrical and hydraulic values, and also serving for the control and activation of the pumping system. During four months in a row as from April 2009, arrangements with one or two panels were tested. Mathematics correlations and adjustment lines were used to interpret the behavior of obtained dataset. During the analyzed period the system followed the linear equations with great accuracy. The daily average amount of water pumped by the several tested arrays stayed between 1,100 and 2,500 liters, and that is enough to supply a small rural property. The pumping system with two panels effectively showed the major amount of water, but a system with one panel can be an economical solution until 1,500 liters on day. It did not characterize a direct relationship between power or quantity of photovoltaic panels and daily outflow of water pumping.

Avaliação da contaminação por hidrocarbonetos do solo e da água da região de Avaré

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil e Ambiental - FEB

Desenvolvimento de uma câmara para combustão de combustíveis líquidos, operando sob regime de combustão sem chama visível

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Emissão de CO2 do solo em áreas de restauração na Mata Atlântica

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Análisis de los motores eléctricos de las plantas desaladoras de agua de mar mediante ósmosis inversa

[ES] La O.I. es una técnica de separación por membranas ampliamente utilizada hoy en día y se emplea principalmente para la producción de agua desalada a partir de agua salobre o de mar. Actualmente, uno de los objetivos más importantes para disminuir los gastos de explotación en las plantas desaladoras, es optimizar la demanda de energía requerida por el proceso de O.I. En ese sentido, las últimas innovaciones tecnológicas aplicadas, como por ejemplo, los sistemas intercambiadores de presión y los sistemas de recuperación de energía con turbina, se han empleado tanto en las plantas desaladoras de agua salobre como de agua de mar con la finalidad exclusiva de mejorar el consumo de energía eléctrica y hacer un uso eficiente de la misma. En el presente trabajo, se analiza el comportamiento del motor eléctrico asíncrono acoplado a una bomba de alta presión, que normalmente se utilizan en cualquiera de las plantas desaladoras de agua de mar (en adelante IDAM), buscando algunas relaciones con la optimización del consumo de energía demandado. Los resultados obtenidos y las conclusiones se contrastan con un programa de simulación informático de motores asíncronos.

Variabilidad climática, fitoplacton y producción primaria: ¿Aumento o disminución?

[ES] Hoy en día es incuestionable que la actividad humana está induciendo perturbaciones climáticas con importantes consecuencias para la integridad del planeta. Cada hora emitimos a la atmósfera dos millones de toneladas de CO2, favoreciendo el calentamiento gradual de la Tierra. Los océanos constituyen uno de los principales destinos finales de este carbono antropogénico y la reserva más importante de carbono activo del planeta. Absorben cerca del 25% del CO2 emitido y almacenan inmensas cantidades de calor y humedad, amortiguando los cambios climáticos pero prolongándolos en el tiempo una vez que se producen; es decir, actúan como la memoria del planeta, con un efecto retardado pero continuo. Como impacto de esta actividad, las aguas de los océanos están aumentando en temperatura y acidez y disminuyendo en concentración de oxígeno. El océano captura y transfiere CO2 desde la atmósfera al océano profundo (donde el carbono puede quedar almacenado durante cientos de años) por medio de dos procesos fundamentales: por diferencias en la presión parcial del CO2 entre la atmósfera y la superficie del mar, en función de la solubilidad del gas en el agua (bomba física o de solubilidad), y por captación de CO2 , debida a la fotosíntesis de los productores primarios (esencialmente el fitoplancton microscópico) y su transformación en materia orgánica y transporte al fondo del océano (bomba biológica). La bomba física contribuye en un 30-40% a los valores de CO2 en el agua, mientras que el resto se debe a la bomba biológica. Sin embargo, el análisis de series recientes (últimos 50 años) parece indicar que el océano está perdiendo eficiencia en la captura de CO2, lo que estaría acelerando su acumulación en la atmósfera. Una de las hipótesis postuladas para explicar esta pérdida de eficiencia es que la productividad marina global está disminuyendo, debido al aumento de estratificación en las aguas oceánicas. Esta hipótesis, no obstante, es controvertida, ya que algunos estudios recientes indican que la producción primaria marina se ha incrementado en las últimas décadas debido al forzamiento atmosférico (inducido por el calentamiento global), que ha favorecido un aumento de procesos de mezcla y afloramiento en las regiones de mayor productividad marina del planeta. En esta charla revisaremos los estudios más recientes sobre el impacto de las fluctuaciones multidecadales en la biomasa de fitoplancton, los cambios en sus grupos funcionales y su repercusión en la producción primaria. Revisaremos también los estudios sobre registros paleoclimáticos del fitoplancton, para analizar variaciones seculares en la productividad marina y poder extender los cambios contemporáneos a proyecciones futuras asociadas al cambio climático.