Estratégias de obtenção do corante do jambo vermelho (Syzygium malaccense) e avaliação de sua funcionalidade

The food industry is interested in natural products. Anthocyanins are phenolic antioxidants of great importance with health-relevant applications. Several studies have linked the intake of fruits and vegetables with reduced risk of chronic degenerative diseases because of its antioxidant properties. This study aimed to compare different strategies for obtaining natural pigments from red jambo (Syzygium malaccence) and analyze its functional potential. Two different strategies were studied: (1) solid-liquid extraction (SLE) in reactor with controlled parameters, (2) powder obtention. The investigation of the functional potential was conducted taking into account the total phenolic content (TPC), the antioxidant activity (AA), the total anthocyanins concentration (TA) and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. The best extracts obtained by SLE showed TPC of 174.15 mg GAE/100g, AA of 3.56 μmol Trolox eq/g and TA of 133.59 mg cyd-3-glu/100 g. The best results for the second strategy were TPC of 1024.22 mg GAE/100 g, AA of 29.03 μmol Trolox eq/g and TA of 1193.41 mg cyd-3- glu/100 g. It was observed moderate amylase inhibition (26.30%) and high glucosidase inhibitory activity (97.47%). Skin extracts showed, in general, superior results when compared to whole red jambo, with superior values for dehydrated products. Based on our result, red jambo can be considered as a rich source of phenolic antioxidants, as well on amylase and glucosidase inhibitors

O discurso de outrem em retextualizações

This work investigates features that speakers use to introduce different voices during retextualization of a literary work. It presents events revealing different resources used, characterizing the discursive heterogeneity, recognized through various brands such as quotation marks, italics, etc. The material analyzed, ie, the corpus of this research, consists of 65 essays from the reading of a literary work - Jealous of Card, Moacyr Scliar - produced by students of the 8th year of high school while in the classroom. The data revealed that the resource most used by students was the indirect discourse, although there also occurred the use of other resources such as free indirect discourse and modalizations in fewer redactions. Notably, the autonym connotation was noted through the use of quotation marks, and the use of parentheses. The recurrence of the parentheses seem to be justified by the need to make clearer sentences that could raise questions to the reader, since the protocol request retextualization established a thirty lines of text, which would certainly limit the possibilities of expansion of the text

Os Brutos: tradição literária e a memória cultural do Seridó

Partindo do princípio de que a força centralizadora do discurso do narrador sob o universo romanesco encontra-se regido por nuanças sócio-ideológicas que fazem parte do mundo psicológico do autor, procede-se uma leitura crítica de Os Brutos (1938), romance de estréia do escritor José Bezerra Gomes. O trabalho mencionado visa a tecer algumas considerações em torno do ponto de vista do narrador, enfocando a encenação do EU no cenário artístico-literário e sua interferência no modo de narração da citada obra. O procedimento metodológico adotado foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, e como aporte teórico recorreu-se à crítica especializada que trata da temática em questão. Ao final percebeu-se que o discurso do narrador possui um caráter ambivalente, o qual permite que o interlocutor presente não assuma uma perspectiva fixa diante do que narra

Memórias da prisão: literatura e liberdade m estudo sobre Graciliano Ramos e Antonio Gramsci

La tese avvicina le Memorie dal carcere, di Graciliano Ramos e i Quaderni dal carcere di Antonio Gramsci, in una prospettiva in cui essi erano uniti per lo stesso ideale politico della prima metá del XX secolo e rappresentavano la resistenza intellettuale di fronte alla repressione. Entrambi furono vittime dell autoritarismo dei poteri fascisti e registrarono il periodo di prigione in differenti forme memorialistiche. Questi scrittori sono uniti anche per il contesto nazionale molto simile per la differenza economica tra le regioni. Condividono, inoltre, anche il concetto di arte e la certezza che l alienzazione dell intelligenza può essere superata solamente attraverso la ricostruzione delle basi nazionali per mezzo della conoscenza, dell educazione e della cultura. Si vuole mostrare come i concetti di Gramsci sono presenti non solo nella convinzione politica di Graciliano, ma in tutto il suo stile letterario memorialístico. Il lavoro, ancora, paragona le Memorie del carcere con due testi memorialistici di prigione in Italia, che sono Le mie prigioni, di Silvio Pellico, e Se questo è un uomo, di Primo Levi, per dimostrare che la proposta della letteratura gramsciana è molto più vicina allo scrittore brasiliano che ai due suoi conazionali.

Antitumor and antimycobacterial activities of cyclopalladated complexes: X-ray structure of [Pd(C-2,N-dmba)(Br)(tu)] (dmba = N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, tu = thiourea)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

O jogo das identidades como fator de mobilização político-eleitoral nas campanhas de Dilma Rousseff e Rosalba Ciarlini em 2010

Starting from the premise that we live in the society of spectacle, as proclaimed by Guy Debbord, and, in this context, the media feeds itself off of this spectacularization and constructs a culture of images and production of goods, providing templates from which the subject can identify himself/herself as being male or female, successful or unsuccessful, powerful or powerless. In other words, the culture conveyed by the media produces material for the creation of identities through which individuals insert and recognize themselves in contemporary society. Observing the election campaigns, we can see clearly that this profusion of identities is fairly explored in the advertising propaganda used by the candidates, particularly in the propaganda broadcasted on the Free Electoral Time on TV. Instigated by the explicit relation between the media and politics within the society of the spectacle, this study aims to investigate the main identities that emerge in the discursive practices of the media in the election campaigns of 2010 for president of the Republic and governor of the State of Rio Grande do Norte that had as protagonists the candidates at that moment Dilma Rousseff (PT) for president and Rosalba Ciarline (DEM) for governor. To do so, we based ourselves on the theory of Bakhtin Circle, which considers the statement as a unit of verbal communication and conceives language as a dialogical phenomena and a discursive practice and also in the conceptions of dialogical relationships, social voices and chronotope formulated by the previous mentioned theory. Still in the theoretical field, we have established an interconnection with the theories coming from the Cultural Studies (Hall, Woodward) about the identity, which conceives it as multiple, fragmented, non-fixed, so that, the subject assumes different identities, not always coherent, at different times, depending on the context in which they are approached. The research is situated in the frames of Applied Linguistics, which considers language as the center of its studies and settles on the border of an open number of areas of knowledge expanding its possibilities of investigation by means of the interdisciplinary. Our corpus consists in 20 electoral propaganda videos aired on TV during the Free Election Time in 2010 campaign; among these, 14 videos are Dilma Rousseff s propaganda and 06 videos are Rosalba Ciarline s propaganda. We seek for the purpose of the analysis to identify the identities which emerge from the discourses about the candidates in propaganda videos broadcasted in the referred campaign, as well as realize the dialogical relations established in these discourses and even if the identity construction of these subjects is located in the same axiological axis. The corpus analysis revealed that the multiple cultural identities of the candidates campaigning emerge in the discourses circulating in the electoral propaganda aired on TV such as: the identities of pioneer woman, competent, sensitive, mother, grandmother, religious. And, yet, those are changeable as the electoral demands, in other words, the need to obtain support and votes, outline a fluid identity construction about the candidate to the position in question

Machado de Assis em contos :Uma constelação de partituras

This work aims at encouraging the reading or rereading of tales such as Um homem célebre , Cantiga de esponsais , Terpsícore , Trio em lá menor , O machete , and Marcha fúnebre from the Brazilian writer Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, hoping to find in them the manifestations of musicality, which is understood, from the viewpoint of contemporary musical theories, as dinamicity indications resulting from the melopaico (melodious verse) stimulus to the understanding of words and/or images, which are inserted in the writing static body from the literary procedures transferring to the text specific characteristics from other arts, such as music, poetry, performatic dance e theater. Such procedures, which are reflected in the writing as a product of Machado s close repertory, often favor, through the fiction, the delineation of the musical context from Rio de Janeiro in the 19th century, as well as the social implications that the transformations of the musical scene impose on the subjectivity constitution

A festa da urbe e o nascimento da cidade: A Cidade Antiga como prelúdio da modernidade

This work is a result of an research that aims to understand in which way the work The Ancient City of the French historian Fustel de Coulanges built a moral model for the institutions and for the construction of the French territory in the century XIX understood like The Modern City . Our intention is to present a study on the way like the ancient city it was built, when nationalist of century XIX is taking into account his connections with the space reforms and the discussion in France. In this sense, we go besides the works of the historiography of the century XIX on this subject and of the articles and tests of the beginning of the century XX, when urbanity planner tied the narrative Scientifics of Fustel with the discussion in France of this period and his contribution, through this connection between history and space, with the national education of the individuals and the formation of the French identity. In this way, we understand which History, Nation and Space were the bases of sustenance of the theory of Coulanges about The Ancient City and of the formation of the French territory. Besides, the discussion historiography between Frenchmen and Germans on the origins of his respective nations influenced Coulanges the perspective of narrating a history of the Antiquity, taking into account the cultural approach of the past and the modern Institutions

A eletricidade chega à cidade: inovação técnica e a vida urbana em Natal (1911-1940)

Dans les premières décennies du XXème siècle, un groupe d intellectuels brésiliens a pris pour soi la mission de conduire la nation aux chemins du progrès, en réfléchissant sur les transformations des villes et, souvent, en proposant et en mettant en avant des actions et mesures qui dirigeraient la modernisation du pays. Dans ce contexte, la ville apparaissait comme un synonyme de progrès en opposition à la campagne, en donnant emphase à la construction du Brésil urbain. À Natal, celui-ci a été une période de sensible modification dans l espace urbain, en suivant les préceptes de l hygiénisme et de l esthétique racionaliste, qui ont orienté les réformes entreprises dans beaucoup de villes brésiliennes. Les élites politiques et socioéconomiques de la capitale du Rio Grande do Norte ont developpé le discours en faveur de la modernisation qui avait pour objectif de justifier les interventions dans la ville et l introduction de l infra-structure de services urbains, par exemple, les services d illumination et de transport, qui à partir de 1911, ont commencé à être stimulés par l électricité. Cette modernisation est matérialisée par de nouveaux équipements et services, par des espaces remodelés en accord avec la rationalité technique de l urbaniste, pour l utilisation de nouvelles sources d énergie (gaz, électricité), en plus de la croissance de la population résidente en ville. Cependant, nous ne pouvons pas oublier que la construction de la ville moderne est passée tant par des transformations physiques, matérielles, comme par l absorption de valeurs, symboles, gestes, vocabulaires, objets, adoptions de nouvelles normes de comportement et par la formation de nouvelles sensibilités sur l espace urbain et la vie en ville. De cette manière, les nouvelles normes technologiques, comme l électricité, ont rendu possible des transformations dans la structure matérielle de la ville et en vie urbaine dans ses plus divers aspects. Ce travail propose d analyser la relation entre énergie électrique et la vie urbaine à Natal entre 1911 et 1940, en prenant en compte, pour cela, les actions d intervention de l État sur l espace urbain et les perceptions d intellectuels face aux transformations urbaines dont ils étaient les témoins. À partir de cette analyse, nous cherchons à préciser les efforts gouvernementaux pour la manutention des services d électricité et conservation des équipements urbains; comprendre comment l utilisation d énergie électrique a aidé à produire de nouvelles situations quotidiennes et comment elle a été perçue, traduite en sentiments et perceptions fondées dans la cohabitation avec cette innovation technique. Les élites locales désiraient diffuser des habitudes considerées modernes, en construisant une identification avec la manière de vie urbaine, fortement inspirée dans la vie dans les villes Européennes et Américaines. L électricité a rendu possible des expériences et sensations qui allaient caractériser l habitant de la ville

Em defesa da reforma psiquiátrica :por um amanhã que há de renascer sem pedir licença

Insanity was victim of several arbitrary acts perpetrated on behalf of the science. Psychiatric reform constitues an important movement which has attempted to rescue dignity and humanity in the treatment of mental disorder patients. Some countries have advanced in the implement of substutive models that work on the construction of a new social place for madness. The model of attention to mental health in Brazil has also suffered extensive modifications due to the wearing out of the psychiatric hospital model. In Santos, a town in the State of Sao Paulo, we have found a landmark in the development of an anti internment politics, through the creation of a dail care service, including psychosocial assistance. It is in this context that it has been founded in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, the NAPS and CAPS ( Nucleus and Centres of Psychosocial Attention), municipal strategies that put into effect the law # 10.216/2001, which estabilishes the gradual extinction of psychiatric hospitals. This work has the purpose of carrying out a study about the historical process of psychiatric reform implantation in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, emphasizing the actors involved in process, their trajectory, achievements, improvements, and the movement s perspectives of achieving the ideal of reinstating mental disorder patients. In order to accomplish this purpose, it was necessary to understand the process occurred at the Municipal Secretary s Office for Health, since 1992, for it was the impelling experience towards the reflections about the psychiatric reform in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. The instruments used for this work were documentary analysis, through reports, legislation and handbooks, as well as the staments of people involved in this process. Through the statements analysis, we attempted to estabilish the social actors identity, their perception, emphasizing congruences and incongruences concerning the history of psychiatric reform in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. It is also analyzed the contribution of Psychology in this process, which has become a protagonist in the struggle for the rights of mental disorder patients

Preparation, characterization, and CuX2 and CoX2 (X = Cl-, Br-, ClO4-) adsorption behavior of a polyhedral oligomer silsesquioxane functionalized with an organic base

In this paper we report on the synthesis, characterization, and adsorption properties of the first 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-modified porous silsesquioxane (ATPS). The isotherms of adsorption of MX2 (M = Cu(II), Co(II); X = Cl-, Br-, ClO4-) by ATPS were studied in ethanol and aqueous solutions at 298 K. The results showed that there is a good fit between the experimental data and the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption capacity in both solvents followed the sequence Cu(II) >> Co(II). The lowest adsorption for Co(II) should be related to the largest hydration volume, which obstructs the adsorption capacity of the surface, and consequently causes a decrease in the number of cations adsorbed. For the salts with different anions the sequence was MCl2 > MBr2 > M(ClO4)2 in both solvents. The low affinity for M(ClO4)(2) toward the solid phase is a consequence of the poorer coordination ability of the ClO4-. Adsorptions from ethanol solutions were higher than those from aqueous solutions due to the higher polarity of water, which can more strongly solvate the solute and the basic sites on the surface. The following adsorption capacities (in mmol g(-1)) were determined: 0.24 (aq) and 0.84 (eth) for CuCl2, 0.09 (aq) and 0.16 (eth) for CuBr2, and 0.08 (aq) and 0.11 (eth) for Cu(ClO4)(2); 0.02 (aq) and 0.07 (eth) for CoCl2, 0.02 (aq) and 0.06 (eth) for CoBr2, and 0.01 (aq) and 0.05 (eth) for Co(ClO4)(2). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Adsorption of CuX2 (X = Cl-, Br-, and ClO4-) on a silica gel surface chemically modified with thiazolidine-2-thione from acetone and ethanol solutions

The isotherms of adsorption of CuX2 (X = Cl-, Br, ClO4-,) by silica gel chemically modified with thiazolidine-2-thione were studied in acetone (ac) and ethanol (eth) solutions at 25 degrees C. The following equilibrium constants (in 1 mol(-1)) were determined: a) CuCl2, 1.9 x 10(3) (ac), 1.6 x 10(3) (eth); b) CuBr2, 1.7 x 10(3) (ac), 1.2 x 10(3) (eth); c) Cu(ClO4)(2), 1.1 x 10(3) (ac), 1.0 x 10(3) (eth). The electron spin resonance spectra of the surface complexes indicate a tetragonal distorted structure in the case of lower degrees of metal loading on the chemically modified surface. The d-d electronic transition spectra show that for the ClO4- complex, the peak of absorption did not change for any degree of metal loading, and for Cl- and Br complexes, the peak maxima shift to higher energy with lower metal loading.

Obtenção de sistemas microemulsionados e estudo de simulação por dinâmica molecular de sistemas micelares objetivando a veiculação de produtos naturais bioativos

Among the new drugs launched into the market since 1980, up to 30% of them belong to the class of natural products or they have semisynthetic origin. Between 40-70% of the new chemical entities (or lead compounds) possess poor water solubility, which may impair their commercial use. An alternative for administration of poorly water-soluble drugs is their vehiculation into drug delivery systems like micelles, microemulsions, nanoparticles, liposomes, and cyclodextrin systems. In this work, microemulsion-based drug delivery systems were obtained using pharmaceutically acceptable components: a mixture Tween 80 and Span 20 in ratio 3:1 as surfactant, isopropyl mirystate or oleic acid as oil, bidistilled water, and ethanol, in some formulations, as cosurfactants. Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SMEDDS) were also obtained using propylene glycol or sorbitol as cosurfactant. All formulations were characterized for rheological behavior, droplet size and electrical conductivity. The bioactive natural product trans-dehydrocrotonin, as well some extracts and fractions from Croton cajucara Benth (Euphorbiaceae), Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) e Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. (Euphorbiaceae) specimens, were satisfactorily solubilized into microemulsions formulations. Meanwhile, two other natural products from Croton cajucara, trans-crotonin and acetyl aleuritolic acid, showed poor solubility in these formulations. The evaluation of the antioxidant capacity, by DPPH method, of plant extracts loaded into microemulsions evidenced the antioxidant activity of Phyllanthus amarus and Anacardium occidentale extracts. For Phyllanthus amarus extract, the use of microemulsions duplicated its antioxidant efficiency. A hydroalcoholic extract from Croton cajucara incorporated into a SMEDDS formulation showed bacteriostatic activity against colonies of Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Additionally, Molecular Dynamics simulations were performed using micellar systems, for drug delivery systems, containing sugar-based surfactants, N-dodecylamino-1-deoxylactitol and N-dodecyl-D-lactosylamine. The computational simulations indicated that micellization process for N-dodecylamino-1- deoxylactitol is more favorable than N-dodecyl-D-lactosylamine system.

Instrumentalidade do serviço social na previdência social no Brasil contemporâneo

In the sociability of the capital, the challenges to the consolidation of social security as a public policy become expressive, which has implications for social security services, particularly for Social Works who works for the security and fulfillment of social rights. Therefore, in this context of denial of these rights becomes relevant the work of social worker, as a professional committed to the ethical-political project and the Matrix Theory and Methodology of Social work, which potentiate the action able to establish professional articulated strategies for the strengthening of collective struggles for equality in society. Thus, this study examines the instrumentality of social work in the contemporary world and its contribution to the realization of rights. For this, we conducted a literature review, using authors dealing with the issue, as Behring (2008), Boschetti (2003), Mota (1995), Guerra (2007) among others, as well as documentary research through laws, decrees, instructions Normative, Internal Guidelines, and especially the analysis of the Matrix itself of Social Work in welfare. We use also of paramount importance to our analysis - the field research, using techniques such as semi-structured interview and questionnaire. The research enables the identification of important aspects of the subject studied, as the understanding of professionals about the instrumentality of Social Works in its ethical-political aspects, both theoretical and methodological and technicaloperative. The demands made by the managers for the profession on the sociooccupational have extrapolated the powers and duties of the Law Regulating the Profession and the Matrix of Social Work in welfare. The subjects of this study emphasize the role of social category of the National Institute of Social Security and the Federal Council of Social Service in defense of Social Works. The knowledge of social and institutional framework is critical to building control strategies that strengthen social security and public policy, the guarantor of social rights for workers in Brazil

Mulher não vale nem um real : patriarcado nas letras das músicas de forró

Patriarchy is a dominating system that establishes male power in social relations as the social-ideological system and the structuring element of several ways of men‟s domination on gender social relations, on organization of social life, on private relations, and on political decision spaces. In this study we enlarge our reflection about patriarchy from the analysis of Forró lyrics, more specifically the variation known as stylized. Of late decades, it is a kind of music that has been receiving a large acceptance all over the national territory, making use of everyday expressions that propagate and make apology to many forms of discrimination, oppression and violence against women. We emphasize that over this study 14 Forró lyrics were analyzed of different styles besides stylized, like the traditional and the double meaning ones. However, we dwelled on the content analysis, particularly in three Stylized Forró lyrics, they are: Tapa na Cara (2008) by Saia Rodada Band; Mulher Roleira (2004), Aviões do Forró Band; and Bomba no Cabaré (2007), Matruz com Leite Band. In order to make a critical analysis of the elements in the lyrics content, we support ourselves on the theoretic-methodological references of the dialectical materialism, a method that allowed us to get closer to the totality of the reality that includes the popular involvement of the analyzed lyrics in a qualitative way. In that sense, we hold onto the theoretic-methodological categories: gender social relations, patriarchy, violence against women, ideology and cultural industry. As from the lyrics compilation, they were arranged by theme, we classified and analyzed the content, which allowed us to comprehend the messages in the lyrics, beyond the text shows at first sight. Today, there are many mechanisms of propagation and perpetuation of patriarchal ideology. A very relevant mechanism of this phenomenon is the sexual violence. The violence against women is a form to propagate and keep sexism, which may occur in different ways, like physical, psychological, sexual, patrimonial and social. Through our study we established that the propagation of the violence against women as being something natural and banal, giving reinforcement to the asymmetric construction of gender relations that priorizes male to the detriment of female. This banalization is perhaps, one of the strongest allies of this phenomenon‟s perpetuation, that affects women all over the world from different social classes