Soil chiseling and fertilizer location in sugarcane ratoon cultivation

While the pre-harvest sugarcane burning is a disused practice, green harvest requires changes concerning ratoon cultivation due to the presence of a thick layer of straw. The experiment, conducted in a mechanical green harvesting area cultivated with sugarcane, consisted of two stages: in the first stage, the mechanical straw cutting performance of flat disks with different geometry edges was evaluated, considering two types of disks and 10 replications in a completely randomized design; in the second stage, the effect of soil chiseling on both sides of planting lines, using shanks with straw cutting flat disks, was assessed, as well as fertilizer deposition form. The experimental design in the second stage was completely randomized, with seven treatments and five replications. Treatments consisted of a combination of two straw cutting disks (smooth or toothed edge), chiseling presence or absence, and fertilizer deposition forms (broadcast, on the planting line, and incorporated into chiseling furrows). The toothed disk differed from the smooth one, presenting lower values of horizontal and vertical forces, and torque. The agroindustrial variables pol (%), brix (%), fiber (%), and ATR (kg Mg-1) were not influenced by the fertilizer deposition form and soil chiseling. However, the localized fertilizer deposition increased crop yield when compared with broadcast fertilization.

Brazil on the spot: Rio+20, sustainability and a role for science

Rio +20, or the United Nations Conference for Sustainable Development, will take place at the end of this month of June 2012. In this paper, our central argument is that Brazil, as the host of Rio+20, has a historic opportunity to make the conference a success and take a decisive step in becoming a world leader in the shift from the traditional development paradigm to a new, sustainable development paradigm. To do that, Brazil will have to resolve a paradox: on the one hand the country has modern legislation and world class science, and on the other hand very poor social and environmental decision-making in recent times. In this column, we examine the green economy as a trajectory that leads to sustainable development and describe some pilot experiences at the sub-national level in Brazil. We discuss how science, and particularly plant sciences, will be essential to the transition to sustainable development. Finally, we propose immediate actions that we call upon the Brazilian government to commit to and to announce during this pivotal Rio+20 moment, which should serve as a milestone for all nations in building a sustainable future.

Nova tabula magni ducatus Finlandiae in provincias divisa, multis locis aucta et correcta pre F. de Witt

1 kartta :, käsinvär. ;, 44,2 x 53,4 cm, lehti 53 x 62 cm

Mare Balticum. Amstelodami, Apud. F. de Wit. ; Nieuwe pascaert van de Oost Zee t Amsterdam Gedruckt by F. de Wit

Pahville liimattu

Nova totius terrarum orbis tabula

Julkaisussa: De zee-atlas ofte water-waereld, vertoonende alle de zee-kusten van het bekende deel des aerd-bodems, met een generale bechrijvinge van dien

Imperii Russici, sive Moscoviae, status generalis, in ejus regna, ducatus, provincias, populosque subjacentes divisus, et ex tabula spectatissimi

Nimeke- ja tekijätiedot nimiönkehyksissä

Tabula Russia vulgo Moscovia.

Koordinaattiasteikko: E30°-110°, N[70°]65°-50°.

Elämää ja viisautta lintujen puolesta

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Novissima nec non perfectissima Scandinaviæ tabula comprehendens regnorum Sueciæ, Daniæ et Norvegiæ distincté divisam descriptionem

Amstelodami ex officina I. Covens et C. Mortens cum privilegio ord Hollandie et Westfrisiae.

Novissima nec non perfectissima Scandinaviæ tabula comprehendens regnorum Sueciæ, Daniæ et Norvegiæ distincté divisam descriptionem

Amstelodami cum privilegio potentiss D. D. ordinum Hollandie et Westfrisie.

Tabula regnorum Sueciæ et Norvegiæ

Karttalehdellä oikeassa alakulmassa kuusi eri janamittakaavaa.