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RURALS 1008: Title of another article

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Supracerebellar transtentorial approach-resection of the tentorium instead of an opening-to provide broad exposure of the mediobasal temporal lobe: anatomical aspects and surgical applications Clinical article

Object. The aim of this study was to describe the surgical anatomy of the mediobasal aspect of the temporal lobe and the supracerebellar transtentorial (SCTT) approach performed not with an opening, but with the resection of the tentorium, as an alternative route for the neurosurgical management of vascular and tumoral lesions arising from this region. Methods. Cadaveric specimens were used to illustrate the surgical anatomy of the mediobasal region of the temporal lobe. Demographic aspects, characteristics of lesions, clinical presentation, surgical results, follow-up findings, and outcomes were retrospectively reviewed for patients referred to receive the SCTT approach with tentorial resection. Results. Ten patients (83%) were female and 2 (17%) were male. Their ages ranged from 6 to 59 years (mean 34.5 +/- 15.8 years). All lesions (3 posterior cerebral artery aneurysms, 3 arteriovenous malformations, 3 cavernous malformations, and 3 tumors) were completely excluded or resected. After a mean follow-up period of 143 months (range 10-240 months), the mean postoperative Glasgow Outcome Scale score was 4.9. Conclusions. Knowledge of the surgical anatomy provides improvement for microsurgical approaches. The evolution from a small opening to a resection of the tentorium absolutely changed the exposure of the mediobasal aspect of the temporal lobe. The SCTT approach with tentorial resection is an excellent alternative route to the posterior part of mediobasal aspect of the temporal lobe, and it was enough to achieve the best neurosurgical management of tumoral and vascular lesions located in this area. (http://thejns.org/doi/abs/10.3171/2011.12.JNS111256)

Genetic aspects of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in a family with multiple affected members: a research article

Abstract Background The etiology of idiopathic scoliosis remains unknown and different factors have been suggested as causal. Hereditary factors can also determine the etiology of the disease; however, the pattern of inheritance remains unknown. Autosomal dominant, X-linked and multifactorial patterns of inheritances have been reported. Other studies have suggested possible chromosome regions related to the etiology of idiopathic scoliosis. We report the genetic aspects of and investigate chromosome regions for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in a Brazilian family. Methods Evaluation of 57 family members, distributed over 4 generations of a Brazilian family, with 9 carriers of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The proband presented a scoliotic curve of 75 degrees, as determined by the Cobb method. Genomic DNA from family members was genotyped. Results Locating a chromosome region linked to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was not possible in the family studied. Conclusion While it was not possible to determine a chromosome region responsible for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by investigation of genetic linkage using microsatellites markers during analysis of four generations of a Brazilian family with multiple affected members, analysis including other types of genomic variations, like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could contribute to the continuity of this study.

The secrets of publishing your article in Journal of Geophysical Research (Oceans)

[EN] The editorial and review processes along the road to publication are described in general terms. The construction of a well-prepared article and the manner in which authors may maximise the chances of success at each stage of the process towards final publication are explored. The most common errors and ways of avoiding them are outlined. Typical problems facing an author writing in English as a second language, including the need for grammatical precision and appropriate style, are discussed. Additionally, the meaning of plagiarism, self-plagiarism and duplicate publication is explored. Critical steps in manuscript preparation and response to reviews are examined. Finally, the relation between writing and reviewing is outlined, and it is shown how becoming a good reviewer helps in becoming a successful author

Milano: Progetto di riassetto urbano dell'ex comprensorio delle Caserme Magenta, XXIV Maggio, Carroccio. Quartiere dell'arte e nuova accademia di Brera

Il lavoro compiuto porta in evidenza un tema di grande attualità per il progetto urbano e promuove la ricerca tipologica e figurativa volta a interpretare il luogo tramite l’analisi dei caratteri, tessuti, giaciture per capirne le criticità e da queste partire, non con la pretesa di una capacità risolutiva assoluta dell’intera gamma dei problemi che lo sviluppo del territorio pone, ma come occasione per dare un assetto ordinato a una parte di città e con l’intento di mettersi a disposizione e al servizio della città stessa, costruita e attuata come accumulo indifferenziato di manufatti privo di un qualsiasi disegno generale che lo regoli. L’idea guida del progetto è stata la scelta di rivalutare, anche dal punto di vista espositivo, il carattere di museo-laboratorio proprio dell’Accademia, così da ridefinire il suo ruolo didattico. Tra la necessità di salvaguardare il carattere di Brera come Istituzione e il bisogno di trovare una collocazione più adatta alla didattica attraverso il trasferimento degli spazi dell’Accademia nel Comprensorio delle ex caserme XXIV Maggio, Carroccio, Magenta.

Milano. Progetto di riassetto urbano per il comprensorio "magenta - xxiv maggio - carroccio"

Il ragionamento condotto su Milano è partito dalla considerazione del rapporto architettura natura oltre alla considerazione dei tracciati principali aventi carattere strutturante. Il primo atto dell’architettura è la distribuzione pieno-vuoto.Questo significa guardare alla planimetria e rappresenta una scelta forte rispetto all’architettura contemporanea, la quale, spesso, si basa sull’immagine, quindi sulla facciata.L’attenzione è stata posta non alla facciata, ma all’architettura in profondità, riconosciuta nella città storica. Il processo razionale svolto ha portato all’articolazione delle varie parti, progettando edifici che, assieme a quelli esistenti, danno unitarietà all’impianto generale tentando una semplificazione formale attraverso la successione di volumi nuovi ed esistenti. Il procedimento condotto per la redazione del progetto ha seguito una successione razionale, non cercando direttamente l’immagine di una forma voluta, ma una successione di spazi, pieni e vuoti, in rapporto tra loro. Solo in un secondo momento si sono individuati, nella storia, i riferimenti di progetto. Il procedimento seguito, quindi, è stato influenzato, sia dall’architettura dell’illuminismo, sia dall’architettura neoclassica milanese. Lo stesso Bonicalzi chiarisce come l’attenzione non andrebbe posta agli aspetti estetici, ma agli aspetti logici dell’architettura. In questo progetto si è tentato di fare questo.

Theoretical Calculations of Acid Dissociation Constants: A Review Article

Acid dissociation constants, or pKa values, are essential for understanding many fundamental reactions in chemistry. These values reveal the deprotonation state of a molecule in a particular solvent. There is great interest in using theoretical methods to calculate the pKa values for many different types of molecules. These include molecules that have not been synthesized, those for which experimental pKa determinations are difficult, and for larger molecules where the local environment changes the usual pKa values, such as for certain amino acids that are part of a larger polypeptide chain. Chemical accuracy in pKa calculations is difficult to achieve, because an error of 1.36 kcal/mol in the change of free energy for deprotonation in solvent results in an error of 1 pKa unit. In this review the most valuable methods for determining accurate pKa values in aqueous solution are presented for educators interested in explaining or using these methods for their students.