Suscetibilidade magnética e análise de incertezas em mapeamento de solos

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

A aplicação da abordagem do Tecnógeno na identificação e classificação dos terrenos e depósitos tecnogênicos no ambiente urbano de Guarapuava-PR

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Avaliação do enriquecimento aluminoso em perfil laterítico desferruginizado na Chapada Sedimentar do Triângulo Mineiro e potencial econômico

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sucessão estratigráfica e tratos de sistemas do Membro Romualdo, porção leste da Bacia do Araripe, nordeste do Brasil

Located in northeastern Brazil, the evolution of Araripe Basin has been associated with the fragmentation of Gondwana and opening of the South Atlantic. The Santana Formation belongs to the post-rift sequence of the basin and is characterized by the presence of laminated limestones in the lower portion (Mb. Crato), evaporite (Ipubi) and siliciclastics (Mb. Romualdo). For better understanding of the Romualdo's stratigraphy, depositional environments and tract of systems, a stratigraphic analysis was made with representative columnar sections of the unit. Sedimentary facies have been described in detail, as well as paleocurrents measured at different stratigraphic levels. It was found that the contact of Mb. Romualdo with the carbonate-evaporite section (Mbs. Crato and Ipubi) is a unconformity, evidenced by residual lags and thin layers of conglomerates above the contact. Above the conglomeratic levels predominate fine sandstones / medium interlayered with calciferous green shales. The percentage of shales increases towards the top, featuring retrogradational stacking culminating in layers of coquinas, excellent stratigraphic mark in the basin. Thin layers of coquins of gastropods comprising equinoids, located on the shale section, present in three sections marine deposits are associated with surfaces ravine. The upper section is characterized by recurrent facies of green shales, sandstones intercalated with sandstones progressively become more frequent towards the top of the unit, featuring the regressive part of the cycle. The sandstones present cross-stratification, often with mud clasts and clay layers in the foresets, and beddings of flaser type and wavy in heterolitic facies, suggesting the action of tidal currents. Paleocurrents measured in the sandstones show gaps with opposite flow directions outlining bipolar standards, which reinforce the interpretation of shallow marine environment influenced by tides during the sedimentation...

Mapeamento, erodibilidade e tolerância de perdas de solo na sub-bacia do Ribeirão das Perobas

The land use conservation planning requires knowledge of the soil characteristics, natural susceptibility to erosion and the soil loss limit. In this context, the objectives of this study were to perform a detailed soil survey of Ribeirão das Perobas watershed, located in Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo State and to determine and map the erodibility and soil loss tolerance of the soil classes found in the survey. The following techniques were used to perform the detailed soil survey: photopedology, field sampling, physical analysis, chemical analysis, and morphological description of the soil samples and profiles. The erodibility was determined by the methods described by Denardin (1990) and Mannigel et al. (2002), and the determination of soil loss tolerance followed the methodology of Mannigel et al. (2002). The results of erodibility determined by the methodology of Denardin (1990) were not discrepant and they did not distinguish soils that are known to have different susceptibility to erosion., w\Whereas, using the methodology of Mannigel et al. (2002), very high or very low erodibility values were observed in soils with extreme contents of sand silt or clay. The most influent variable to the soil loss tolerance results was the correction factor for the textural gradient of clay between soil horizons.

Avaliação de um sensor de resistencia eletrica e sua correlação com atributos do solo

The electrical measures of the soil have been used as variables that correlate with its characteristics. This study aimed at developing an electrical capacitance sensor of low cost, to evaluate its performance on the field and verify the correlation between the measurements of electrical capacitance with physical properties (sand, silt and clay) and chemical properties of soil (pH, MO, P resin, H + Al, K, Ca, Mg, SB, CTC and V%) and the moisture content. The data sampling was performed at the farm named "Capão da Onça" which belongs to the State University of Ponta Grossa. The samples collection was conducted in an area of approximately 13 hectares, totalizing 81 samples. In each sampling the electrical capacitance of the soil was measured. After the sensor withdrawal, soil samples were collected and sent to be analysed in the laboratory of the College of Agronomics Science of the Paulista State University. The measuring instrument used to collect data on electric capacitance of the soil a digital multimeter was used. The data were submitted to the analysis of correlation and regression. The developed system presented a low cost and it was capable to measuring variation of the electrical capacitance of the soil. The obtained measures satisfactorily correlated with the levels of clay and sand, and weakly with the moisture content. This had demonstrated the possibility to use a sensor to verify the soil texture in not homogeneous areas. The measures of the electrical capacitance of the soil obtained by the sensor had significantly correlated with the soil attributes: calcium, magnesium, pH, SB and CTC. These results had demonstrated the possibility to use a sensor for soil fertility control.

Avaliação dos modelos de predição da erosão hídrica MEUPS e WEPP: contribuição em bacias hidrográficas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo da mobilidade de micotoxinas em solo sob condições de clima tropical

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Comparação energética de tijolos comum e sem queima pela análise do ciclo de vida

This work is part of several research related to the plan of design and construction of a sustainable house. The previous researches focused on sustainable materials and it have shown that ceramic material are more interesting to improve the thermal comfort and the reduction of fees and prices of the house, making possible to construct popular home, mainly clay bricks, that have high thermal inertia and low costs, besides the fact that it is easy to find the raw materials in nature and process them. However, a major issue in using clay bricks is that it uses too many energy to be processed during the sintering (burning), a crucial part of the process that assures mechanical resistance. Alternative materials are being proposed by the researchers, as the clay bricks without the sintering mixed with Portland cement, assuring the proper resistance to the brick. Raw materials of cement, however, also need to be thermally processed in rotary kilns, in a process called clinckerization. This research was proposed for comparing the energy used by the two types of bricks and other objectives, in order to determinate which one uses less thermal energy. The intention was to compare the energy used during the sintering of regular clay bricks and the unfired bricks with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% of Portland cement. The paper also investigated and compared the use of electrical and thermal energy of all the bricks to identify how important were the thermal stages (sintering or clinkerization) relatively to the total energy spent. At last, a resumed analysis was performed to identify the possible health damages of the many life cycles of the bricks. The conclusion was that unfired bricks with less than 40% of cement use less thermal energy to be processed. In addition, their carbon dioxides emissions were less dangerous to ... (Complete abastract click electronic access below)

Estratigrafia do Andar Alagoas na sub-bacia do Tucano Norte, Bahia

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Carbon content in Amazonian Oxisols after forest conversion to pasture

O solo desempenha importante papel no ciclo do C, porém a substituição da floresta tropical por áreas cultivadas altera a dinâmica e o estoque desse elemento. Em uma frente pioneira de colonização no município de Itupiranga (PA), na Amazônia Oriental, foi desenvolvido este estudo com o objetivo de avaliar as consequências da substituição de floresta nativa por pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha no conteúdo de C de um Latossolo Amarelo distrófico. As amostras de solo foram coletadas em área de floresta nativa (FN), floresta secundária de 8–10 anos (FS), pastagens de 1–2 anos (P1-2), de 5–7 anos (P5–7) e de 10–12 anos (P10–12), nas camadas de 0–2, 2–5 e 5–10 cm, para avaliar os teores e o estoque de C e realizar um fracionamento granulométrico da matéria orgânica. Após o desmatamento, a densidade do solo aumentou até a profundidade de 5 cm, sendo esse aumento maior nas pastagens mais antigas. As maiores mudanças no conteúdo de C ocorreram na camada superior do solo, havendo aumento nesse conteúdo com o tempo de implantação das pastagens. Nas camadas de 2–5 e 5–10 cm, o conteúdo de C se mostrou estável entre os tipos de cobertura vegetal avaliados. As maiores concentrações de C foram encontradas na fração silte, mas os maiores conteúdos de C ocorreram na fração argila, independentemente do tipo de cobertura vegetal. Um aumento da quantidade de C associado à fração areia, na forma de resíduos orgânicos pouco decompostos, foi observado nas pastagens, confirmando a maior sensibilidade dessa fração às mudanças de uso do solo.

Estudo da mobilidade de micotoxinas em solo sob condições de clima tropical

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Comparação energética de tijolos comum e sem queima pela análise do ciclo de vida

This work is part of several research related to the plan of design and construction of a sustainable house. The previous researches focused on sustainable materials and it have shown that ceramic material are more interesting to improve the thermal comfort and the reduction of fees and prices of the house, making possible to construct popular home, mainly clay bricks, that have high thermal inertia and low costs, besides the fact that it is easy to find the raw materials in nature and process them. However, a major issue in using clay bricks is that it uses too many energy to be processed during the sintering (burning), a crucial part of the process that assures mechanical resistance. Alternative materials are being proposed by the researchers, as the clay bricks without the sintering mixed with Portland cement, assuring the proper resistance to the brick. Raw materials of cement, however, also need to be thermally processed in rotary kilns, in a process called clinckerization. This research was proposed for comparing the energy used by the two types of bricks and other objectives, in order to determinate which one uses less thermal energy. The intention was to compare the energy used during the sintering of regular clay bricks and the unfired bricks with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% of Portland cement. The paper also investigated and compared the use of electrical and thermal energy of all the bricks to identify how important were the thermal stages (sintering or clinkerization) relatively to the total energy spent. At last, a resumed analysis was performed to identify the possible health damages of the many life cycles of the bricks. The conclusion was that unfired bricks with less than 40% of cement use less thermal energy to be processed. In addition, their carbon dioxides emissions were less dangerous to ... (Complete abastract click electronic access below)

Estratigrafia do Andar Alagoas na sub-bacia do Tucano Norte, Bahia

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Atributos de solos hidromórficos no Pantanal Norte Matogrossense

Os solos hidromórficos, comuns na Amazônia e no Pantanal, estão sujeitos à alternância natural de períodos de alagamento e secamento, que conduzem a uma formação e características diferenciadas. Estes solos guardam estreita relação com a natureza do material de origem e com os processos de deposição e sedimentação. O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar as características químicas, morfológicas e mineralógicas de três perfis de solos do Pantanal Norte Matogrossense (Planossolo, Plintossolo e Gleissolo), a fim de interpretar as relações entre suas propriedades e o ambiente em que foram formados. Os Planossolos e Gleissolos possuem maior fertilidade natural, evidenciada pelos valores expressivos de CTC (capacidade de troca de cátions) e saturação por bases. Os menores teores de Fe2O3 do Planossolo estão relacionados com a redução e remoção do Fe durante sua gênese A mineralogia da fração areia dos solos é constituída principalmente de quartzo, nódulos e concreções de Fe e de Mn, e em menor grau, biotita, muscovita e traços de turmalina, magnetita, ilmenita, epídoto, zircão e rutilo. Os solos apresentaram perfil mineralógico semelhante na fração argila, constituído por caulinita, esmectita, ilita e interestratificados do tipo ilita-esmectita. A mineralogia da fração argila dos solos foi compatível com as diferenças químicas constatadas entre eles, pois o Planossolo apresentou argila de maior atividade relativa às esmectitas e interestratificados ilita/esmectita, com maior soma de bases trocáveis e CTC, enquanto o Plintossolo e o Gleissolo, cujo mineral predominante foi a caulinita, apresentaram baixo teor de bases trocáveis e menor CTC.