Phenotypes influencing low physical activity in maintenance dialysis.

OBJECTIVE: The "Pas à Pas" initiative aimed at evaluating the weekly physical activity (PA) and its determinants in a large cohort of dialysis patients. SETTING: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for mortality in maintenance dialysis patients and is still poorly documented in this population. DESIGN: A prospective national epidemiological study was performed. SUBJECTS: A total of 1,163 patients on maintenance dialysis (hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis) were included. INTERVENTION AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: PA was recorded during seven consecutive days using a pedometer to measure daily step numbers. RESULTS: Median age was 63 years (Q1 51-Q3 75). Sixty-three percent were sedentary (<5000 steps/day) with a median of 3,688 steps/day (1,866-6,271)]. PA level was similar between hemodialysis patients and those on peritoneal dialysis (3,693 steps [1,896-6,307] vs. 3,320 [1,478-5,926], P = .33). In hemodialysis patients, PA was lower on dialysis days compared with nondialysis days (2,912 [1,439-5,232] vs. 4,054 [2,136-7,108], respectively, P < .01). PA gradually decreased with age, 57% being sedentary between 50 and 65 years and 83% of patients after 80 years. Beyond this age effect, we identified, for the first time, specific phenotypes of patients with lower PA, such as inflammation, cardiovascular disease, protein energy wasting, obesity, and diabetes. By contrast, previous kidney transplantation and a higher muscle mass were associated with higher PA. CONCLUSIONS: Dialysis patients present a very low level of PA with high sedentary. Acting on patient's modifiable phenotypes may help to increase PA to improve morbidity, mortality, and quality of life.

Suomen Voimisteluliiton Puheenjohtaja 9/9 1960

Kirje

Maaseudun nuoriso maan suojana

Puhe Laihialla 19.6.1955

[Helsinki] 22/8 1943

Kirje 22.8.1943

Suomen kirkon 800-vuotisjuhlassa (Valtioneuvoston tervehdys Turun Tuomiokirkossa 19.5.1955)

Puhe

O papel das autarquias na luta contra a pobreza em Cabo Verde

A presente dissertação tem como objectivo saber se o “Projecto de Desenvolvimento Sustentado da Ilha do Maio” contribuiu para o desenvolvimento local, como forma de analisar o papel das autarquias na Luta contra a Pobreza em Cabo Verde. A dissertação pretende ainda demonstrar o papel descentralização na luta contra a pobreza e o impacto da cooperação descentralizada no desenvolvimento local. Apresenta-se uma caracterização de Cabo Verde e da Ilha do Maio, assim como do processo de descentralização em Cabo Verde e do Plano Nacional de Luta Contra a Pobreza por forma a contextualizar o projecto desenvolvido. O “Projecto de Desenvolvimento Sustentado da Ilha do Maio” foi elaborado com base do Plano Municipal de Luta contra a Pobreza e contribui para a sua prossecução. Para melhor analisar o projecto, é apresentado o Plano Municipal, sendo feita a análise da sua elaboração e o impacto do projecto na sua prossecução. Ao longo da dissertação é feita uma caracterização dos diversos actores e parceiros da implementação do projecto, definidas as metodologias utilizadas, as actividades desenvolvidas, os principais obstáculos e constrangimentos, assim como os resultados obtidos e a sustentabilidade da acção. Os principais conceitos apresentados para enquadramento do projecto são os de Luta contra a Pobreza, Desenvolvimento Local, Descentralização e Cooperação descentralizada, fazendo referência aos de Participação, Parceria e Empowerment.

Hki 19/8 1943

Kirje 19.8.1943

Kansankirkko

Puhe

Performance comparison of an active matrix flat panel imager, computed radiography system, and a screen-film system at four standard radiation qualities.

Four standard radiation qualities (from RQA 3 to RQA 9) were used to compare the imaging performance of a computed radiography (CR) system (general purpose and high resolution phosphor plates of a Kodak CR 9000 system), a selenium-based direct flat panel detector (Kodak Direct View DR 9000), and a conventional screen-film system (Kodak T-MAT L/RA film with a 3M Trimax Regular screen of speed 400) in conventional radiography. Reference exposure levels were chosen according to the manufacturer's recommendations to be representative of clinical practice (exposure index of 1700 for digital systems and a film optical density of 1.4). With the exception of the RQA 3 beam quality, the exposure levels needed to produce a mean digital signal of 1700 were higher than those needed to obtain a mean film optical density of 1.4. In spite of intense developments in the field of digital detectors, screen-film systems are still very efficient detectors for most of the beam qualities used in radiology. An important outcome of this study is the behavior of the detective quantum efficiency of the digital radiography (DR) system as a function of beam energy. The practice of users to increase beam energy when switching from a screen-film system to a CR system, in order to improve the compromise between patient dose and image quality, might not be appropriate when switching from screen-film to selenium-based DR systems.

Maljapuhe pohjoismaisille urheilujohtajille n. 1950

Puhe