土壤中重金属的生物有效性研究进展

综述了近十年来国内及国际上研究土壤重金属的生物有效性的态势，尤其是影响土壤中重金属生物有效性的诸多因素，以期进一步推进国内的重金属生物有效性的研究工作和重金属污染土壤的生物治理工作。

未熟—低熟油流体特征——以济阳坳陷古近系为例

对济阳坳陷古近系储层中流体包裹体的研究进一步证明,其油气属未熟—低熟油气。除了油藏埋深浅、地层时代新、为自生自储同生油藏外,还具下列特征:油气生成温度低,包裹体均一温度范围为53～115 ℃;处于低演化阶段,储层中主要的包裹体类型是纯液态烃包裹体及纯液体盐水溶液包裹体。包裹体烃类成分中重烃及丁烷含量高,重烃平均占总烃的52. 14 % ,丁烷平均占总烃的14. 46 %;流体压力高,估算的流体压力范围是10. 0～40. 5 MPa ;盐度较高;还原环境;古地温梯度高, 为3. 830 ℃/ 100 m 等流体特征。研究结果为该坳陷油气成因及识别未熟—低熟油成油物理化学条件等提供了信息。

碳酸盐岩差异性风化成土特征及其对石漠化形成的影响

碳酸盐岩极低的酸不溶物含量使岩石风化产生的残积土壤物质数量极少，并产生巨大的体积缩小，促使早期形成的残积土在重力作用下不断向下塌陷。显著的差异性风化使基岩面强烈起伏，甚至形成大量的岩溶尘洼地、裂隙、地下管道、洞穴系统等。在重力和水的作用下，土粒沿垂直和水平方向上经微距离或短距离搬运到上述低洼或地下空间中，甚至由地下河带到更远的地方，这是碳酸盐岩地区土壤丢失的重要方式，也是形成石漠化最主要的地质因素。土壤在地表分布高度不均匀，是碳酸盐岩地区的地表少土的重要原因。对于酸不溶物含量相当的石灰岩和白云岩而言，由于白云岩的差异性风化明显弱于石灰岩，以及受各种应力作用后，白云岩形成的节理及裂隙密集而均匀，从而提高了近地表白云岩的含水能力，延长了风化过程中的水－岩反应时间，使风化作用可以相对集中于地表或近地表进行，有利于岩石的整体风化作用的进行，同时使白云岩风化壳基岩面起伏相对较小，风化残积形成的土壤分布也相对均匀。因此，白云岩区地表土层较厚，石漠化程度也稍弱于灰岩区。

安图红松树轮稳定碳同位素记录的低云量信息

分析了安图红松树轮碳同位素和与之临近的敦化市气象站气象记录间的相关关系，发现树轮碳同位素与上年5－7月平均低云量间存在显著的负相关关系，重建了该近200年来5－7月平均低云量变化。功率谱分析表明，δ^13C序列，重建的低云量序列均包含明显的厄尔厄诺－南方涛动周期（ENSO）和准2年振荡周期（QBO），反映了ENSO以及东亚季风对该区气候的影响。分析了安图红松树轮碳同位素和与之临近的敦化市气象站气象记录间的相关关系，发现树轮碳同位素与上年5－7月平均低云量间存在显著的负相关关系，重建了该近200年来5－7月平均低云量变化。功率谱分析表明，δ^13C序列，重建的低云量序列均包含明显的厄尔厄诺－南方涛动周期（ENSO）和准2年振荡周期（QBO），反映了ENSO以及东亚季风对该区气候的影响。

重庆城口地区早前寒武系黑色岩系研究：（2）早寒武世硅质岩的沉积环境研究

和平、羊儿坝和猪草河剖面是南秦岭槽区巴山组的三个典型剖面，从南向北，这三个剖面的硅质岩厚度逐渐增大。通过对三个剖面硅质岩各种地球化学特征参数的研究分析，结果表明：猪草河剖面最接近火山弧带，为与大陆火山岛弧相邻的弧后盆地，受火山活动的控制很强烈，热水沉积的控制占主要地位；相应的硅质岩和碳酸盐岩都具有强烈的Eu正异常，其中具有高正Eu异常的碳酸盐岩在华南下寒武统尚属首次发现。羊儿坝剖面相当于大陆边缘的深水盆地，热水与海水处于相对平衡的状态。和平剖面最接近大陆边缘，热水的影响很弱，以海水的正常沉积为主，陆源碎屑物质增多。三个剖面沉积相从早到晚的变化体现了南秦岭断陷海槽从拉张到闭合的过程。

卡林型金矿不可见金与超压流体（Overpressured fluid）关系探讨——以贵州贞丰水银洞金矿为例

贵州水银洞(岩上)微细浸染型金矿产于贵州省贞丰县境内，是目前我国第一个成功地从原生硫化物矿石中商业性生产出金的微细浸染型金矿矿山。该矿床的矿体产于灰家堡背斜东段核部的上二叠统龙潭组地层中及其与中二叠统茅口组灰岩的接触带，呈几层基本平行排布的似层状和透镜状产出。金矿化主要赋存于硅化白云石化生物碎屑灰岩和泥灰岩(85％)和强硅化角砾状粘土岩(14％)中。

学习困难儿童智力结构及其与心理语言、视动能力关系的研究

IQ Structure, Psycholinguistic and Visual-motor Abilities Study on Children Learning Disability TONG Fang Directed by professor Zhu Liqi (Developmental and educational psychology) ABSTRACT Objective To comprehensive analyze the IQ structures, and relationships among IQ, psychometric characteristics and visual-motor integration on children disability. At same time, to probe into the family factors that influenced IQ, psycholinguistic abilities and behavior of LD children. Method (1) Downloading the papers on children learning disability from www.cqvip.com and www.wanfangdata.com, in which, the articles were collected by key words from 1985 to 2005. To conduct meta-analysis on IQ construction, compare the case group and the control group, including full IQ, verbal and practice IQ. (2) Designed with model compared and self-compared, 59 diagnosed learning disability children, tested themes with WISC, ITPA and Berry’s VMI. WISC included 10 items, 5 of which subtotal to verbal and practice IQ respectively. IPTA included 10 items, too, 5 process of which subtotal to auditory and visual perception. The first 3 items shared representation level, the other 2 of that shared automatic level.VMI had one score. Analyzed factors and levels with description and Pearson Correlation. To probe to linguistic internal alternately functions of LD children, and compare the scores of groups in different IQ. (3) Analyzed the perspective questionnaire filled by parents. Early development facts compared with model groups. Factors relationships analyzed with Kendall correlation, KOM and Bartlett’s test of sphericity, Promax Rotation. Results: (1) There have been 319 papers related with LD, in which 36 with IQ and 14 valid reports have been analyzed by Meta. FIQ’s 95%CI (confidence interval) is 2.418 ~ 0.172, VIQ between the difficulty and non- difficulty group. C-WISC-R reports were 10 papers, of which, 95%CI of FIQ is 2.424 ~ 0.676, of VIQ is 2.314 ~ 1.196, of PIQ is 2.176 ~ 0.176. The VIQ comparing the PIQ, 95%CI is 1.1 ~ -0.07 in difficulty group and 0.5 ~ -0.0046 in non-difficult group. Nevertheless, in the other 4 tests, FIQ’s 95%CI is 2.00 ~ -0.818 between LD and NLD. (2) Children psycholinguistic abilities had strong relation with Berry’s VMI test excluding auditory reception, and with perceptive factor of intelligence excluding verbal expression. Auditory reception and visual closure had strong relation with FIQ and PIQ. Grammatic closure, visual association and manual expression had strong relation with concept factor. The representational and automatic levels are depended on integration of auditory and visual procession. Lower verbal expression (VE) let to lower expression process and low scores on representational level. Lower visual sequential memory (VSM) let to lower memory process and influenced automatic level. Groups compared by IQ 90 show that LD children with under IQ 90 had lower scores on items of IPTA than with up IQ 90 excluded verbal expression. It was proved that IQ administrated the linguistic ability. Nevertheless, general abilities deficiency didn’t show influencing on the types of the perceptive delay. There was mutual function among linguistic ability on LD children. Auditory and visual level are overlapped each other. Not only show higher Decoding and lower Encoding on Auditory perception, lower Decoding and higher Encoding on Visual perception, in representation, but also higher Sequential remember, lower Closure on Audition, and lower Sequential member, higher Closure on Vision, in Automation. Nevertheless, there was no different between Representational and Automatic level, which may be the relationship of parallel or evolution. (3) Major family factors were father’s education, occupation. Lower auditory perception related to unconcerned, lower visual perception related to premature delivery and written slowly. Threatened–abortion, childbirth-suffocated were known as influencing children’s IQ and later linguistic abilities. It wasn’t shown that dosage relationship with the types of perceptive delay. Conclusion: (1) The FIQ, VIQ and PIQ of Children with LD is lower than that of NLD group. There is no significantly different between VIQ and PIQ in LD and NLD groups. (2) The objectives of ITPA and WISC tests are differently. The psycholinguistic abilities had strong relation with perceptive factor and VMI. Some facts of IPTA related with FIQ. IQ had strong administration on linguistic abilities. There was mutual function among linguistic internal abilities. (3) Family facts on IQ and psycholinguistic abilities were Father’s education, abnormal pregnant and abortion. It would be pre-show development delay in early period.

ELISA com MSP5 recombinante truncada para detecção de anticorpos contra Anaplasma marginale em bovinos.

Os objetivos buscados pelos autores neste estudo foram produzir e solubilizar a proteína MSP5 recombinante truncada de Anaplasma marginale e avaliar seu desempenho em um ensaio de imunoadsorção enzimática indireto para detecção de anticorpos contra a riquétsia. O gene msp5, exceto a região N-terminal hidrofóbica, foi amplificado por reação em cadeia da polimerase, clonado em plasmídeo pTrcHis-TOPO e expresso em Escherichia coli. A solubilização da proteína recombinante foi avaliada em diferentes pHs e concentrações de uréia. A sensibilidade e a especificidade do ensaio foram avaliados testando-se 66 soros de animais infectados experimentalmente com A. marginale e 96 soros negativos, com o estado de infecção desses animais confirmado por reação em cadeia da polimerase. Um total de 1.666 amostras de soros bovinos, provenientes do Brasil - Rio Grande do Sul (73), Mato Grosso do Sul (91), Pernambuco (86), Bahia (314) e Minas Gerais (267), assim como do Uruguai (32) e Costa Rica (803) foram testadas nos ELISAs com MSP5 truncada e com MSP1a recombinantes, e a concordância entre os dois testes foi avaliada. O ELISA indireto com MSP5 truncada foi capaz de detectar animais infectados com 96,97% de sensibilidade e 100% de especificidade. Nos animais infectados experimentalmente, o ELISA detectou anticorpos do 12o dia após a inoculação (DPI) até o último dia de observação (37o DPI). Os ELISAs para MSP5 e MSP1a apresentaram concordância de 95,67%, com índice kappa de 0,81. Os resultados discordantes apresentaram uma diferença significativa (P < 0,001). Anticorpos contra A. marginale foram detectados em animais de todas asregiões estudadas. O ELISA com MSP5 recombinante truncada apresentou bom desempenho na detecção de anticorpos contra A. marginale, com alta sensibilidade e especificidade, representando uma importante ferramenta para o diagnóstico da anaplasmose bovina em estudos epidemiológicos.

Understanding and Modeling the Behavior of a Harmonic Drive Gear Transmission

In my research, I have performed an extensive experimental investigation of harmonic-drive properties such as stiffness, friction, and kinematic error. From my experimental results, I have found that these properties can be sharply non-linear and highly dependent on operating conditions. Due to the complex interaction of these poorly behaved transmission properties, dynamic response measurements showed surprisingly agitated behavior, especially around system resonance. Theoretical models developed to mimic the observed response illustrated that non-linear frictional effects cannot be ignored in any accurate harmonic-drive representation. Additionally, if behavior around system resonance must be replicated, kinematic error and transmission compliance as well as frictional dissipation from gear-tooth rubbing must all be incorporated into the model.

Manejo do solo para redução das perdas de produtividade pela seca.

Princípios para o manejo adequado do solo; O tempo de adoção como fator de sucesso para o plantio direto; A adoção do plantio direto não dispensa o terraceamento e a semeadura em nível; Época de semeadura, ciclo de cultivares e sistemas de culturas; Manejo da compactação do solo; Conseqüências da compactação do solo para o sistema produtivo; Alternativas de manejo de solo e das culturas visando à qualidade no plantio direto; Cobertura do solo e persistência da palhada no campo; Melhoria da qualidade física do solo por meio da rotação de culturas; Aprofundamento do sistema radicular da soja; Estabilidade de produção sob condições de seca; Uso de cultivares de soja com maior enraizamento.

Franck-Condon simulation of the photoelectron spectrum of SO2- including Duschinsky effects

A theoretical method to calculate multidimensional Franck-Condon factors including Duschinsky effects is described and used to simulate the photoelectron spectrum of the anion SO. Geometry optimizations and harmonic vibrational frequency calculations have been performed on the XA(1) state of SO2 and (XB1)-B-2 state of SO2. Franck-Condon analyses and spectral simulation were carried out on the first photoelectron band of SO2. The theoretical spectra obtained by employing CCSD(T)/6-31 I+G(2d,p) values are in excellent agreement with the experiment. In addition, the equilibrium geometric parameters, r(c)(OS) = 0.1508 +/- 0.0005 nm and theta(e)(O-S-0) = 113.5 +/- 0.5 degrees, of the (XB1)-B-2 state of SO2, are derived by employing an iterative Franck-Condon analysis procedure in the spectral simulation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Altered of apoptotic markers of both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways induced by hepatitis C virus infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Background: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) has emerged as a leading cause of cirrhosis in the U. S. and across the world. To understand the role of apoptotic pathways in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we studied the mRNA and protein expression patterns of apoptosis-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from patients with HCV infection.Methods: the present study included 50 subjects which plasma samples were positive for HCV, but negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV). These cases were divided into four groups according to METAVIR, a score-based analysis which helps to interpret a liver biopsy according to the degree of inflammation and fibrosis. mRNA expression of the studied genes were analyzed by reverse transcription of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and protein levels, analyzed by ELISA, was also conducted. HCV genotyping was also determined.Results: HCV infection increased mRNA expression and protein synthesis of caspase 8 in group 1 by 3 fold and 4 fold, respectively (p < 0.05). in group 4 HCV infection increased mRNA expression and protein synthesis of caspase 9 by 2 fold and 1,5 fold, respectively (p < 0.05). Also, caspase 3 mRNA expression and protein synthesis had level augumented by HCV infection in group 1 by 4 fold and 5 fold, respectively, and in group 4 by 6 fold and 7 fold, respectively (p < 0.05).Conclusions: HCV induces alteration at both genomic and protein levels of apoptosis markers involved with extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.

Benchmarking the business and operations strategy link.

This paper reports on the use of benchmarking to improve the links between business and operations strategies. The use of benchmarking as a tool to facilitate improvement in these crucial links is examined. The existing literature on process benchmarking is used to form a structured questionnaire to apply to six case studies of major maunfacturing companies. Four of these case studies are presented drawing upon the critical success factors identified both in the literature and on the case results. Recommendations for further work are outlined.