Iowa Lottery Action, April 2-15, 2007, Vol. 14, no. 7.

Iowa Lottery newsletter for lottery retailers.

Tekstiilitaiteilija Dora Jung 15/1 1972

Kirje 15.1.1972

Involvement of glial cells in the neurotoxicity of parathion and chlorpyrifos.

An in vitro model, the aggregating brain cell culture of fetal rat telencephalon, has been used to investigate the influence of glial cells on the neurotoxicity of two organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), chlorpyrifos and parathion. Mixed-cell aggregate cultures were treated continuously for 10 days between DIV 5 and 15. Parathion induced astrogliosis at concentration at which MAP-2 immunostaining, found here to be more sensitive than neuron-specific enzyme activities, was not affected. In contrast, chlorpyrifos induced a comparatively weak gliotic reaction, and only at concentrations at which neurons were already affected. After similar treatments, increased neurotoxicity of parathion and chlorpyrifos was found in aggregate cultures deprived of glial cells. These results suggest that glial cells provide neuroprotection against OPs toxicity. To address the question of the difference in toxicity between parathion and chlorpyrifos, the toxic effects of their leaving groups, p-nitrophenol and trichloropyridinol, were studied in mixed-cell aggregates. General cytotoxicity was more pronounced for trichloropyridinol and both compounds had similar toxic effects on neuron-specific enzyme activities. In contrast, trichloropyridinol induced a much stronger decrease in glutamine synthetase activity, the enzymatic marker of astrocytes. Trichloropyridinol may exert a toxic effect on astrocytes, compromising their neuroprotective function, thus exacerbating the neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos. This is in line with the suggestion that glial cells may contribute to OPs neurotoxicity, and with the view that OPs may exert their neurotoxic effects through different mechanisms.

Helsingissä, kesäk. 15 p. 1929

Kirje 15.6.1929

Osastopäällikkö i.s. Joel Toivola 15/5 1969

Kirje 15.5.1969

Kajaanissa kesäkuun 15 päivänä 1927

Kirje 15.6.1927

Pääjohtaja Jussi Niemi 15/1 1970

Kirje 15.1.1970

Iowa Lottery Action, Jan. 7 - 27, 2008, Vol. 15, no. 1

Iowa Lottery newsletter for retailers.

Motor Vehicle Accident Fatalities for the Week Ending, February 15, 2008

Record of the Fatalities for Motor Vehicle Accidents in Iowa per week.