Logo de conmutadores : para alumnos con deficiencias motrices

Discos de 5'5

Sistemas de comunicaci??n no verbal para paral??ticos cerebrales : manual del departamento de comunicaci??n : programa de integraci??n de adultos : asociaci??n pro-paral??tico cerebral

Sistemas de comunicaci??n para ni??os y j??venes paral??ticos cerebrales sin lenguaje expresivo con un coste de producci??n bajo. Se estructura en: Aspectos de la comunicaci??n en personas con par??lisi cerebral, Dise??o y descripci??n de tablas de comunicaci??n, Formas de sa??alamiento motor como medio para la comunicaci??n no verbal en paral??ticos cerebrales y algunas sugerencias sobre c??mo ense??ar la tabla de comunicaci??n.

La comunidad sorda y el proyecto Forum : 1996.

Documento que comunica la realidad de las personas sordas y su desarrollo con el proyecto Forum, siente la comunidad sorda, presentado para el período 1995-1997, que tiene como objetivo básico mejorar y favorecer el acceso al empleo de las personas sordas. Se estructura en tres partes. En la primera, hacia la comunidad sorda, se expone la realidad social del sordo. En la segunda se presenta el proyecto Forum y en la tercera los retos y desafíos de la comunidad sorda.

Las TIC, un reto para nuevos aprendizajes : usar información, comunicarse y utilizar recursos.

Se centra en la incidencia educativa de los cambios tecnológicos, especialmente Internet, y en los nuevos aprendizajes que exige la Sociedad de Información a través de la sistematización del programa del Instituto de Estudios Pedagógicos Somosaguas (IEPS) 'Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación en Educación' . Sus contenidos se estructuran en cuatro partes; la primera '¿Cómo aprender con las Tic' , de carácter introductorio, analiza el cambio educativo en la Sociedad de la Información y la Comunicación, así como en el currículo de la ESO. La segunda 'Internet para usar información' se centra en el aprendizaje a través del uso ético y responsable de la información accesible por Internet, y propone una metodología para generar conocimiento a partir de las fuentes que se consultan. La tercera 'Internet para comunicarse de otra manera' trata de la adecuada utilización de algunas herramientas comunicativas que ofrece Internet para el trabajo de tipo investigativo o colaborativo dentro y fuera del aula. Por último, 'TIC y utilización de recursos' es un compendio de las anteriores y trata de la utilización de recursos de Internet, apostando además por profundizar en las posibilidades y límites de la aplicación de las TIC, y estudiando modelos de utilización el el aula: visitas virtuales, simulaciones, programas tutoriales, programas de diseño gráfico; se presentan asimismo orientaciones para diseñar actividades para los alumnos. El material se completa con anexos, CD y bibliografía útil para el profesorado.

La Enseñanza Media en el extranjero : el XXI Congreso Internacional de Geografía.

Noticia de la próxima celebración del XXI Congreso Internacional de Geografía, que tendrá lugar en India los días 1 al 8 de diciembre de 1968, y la III Asamblea General de la Asociación Cartográfica Internacional, así como otros simposios técnicos, los días 6 al 13 de diciembre en Nueva Delhi.

El Palau Episcopal de Girona al segle XV

Article que descriu com era el Palau Episcopal de Girona a mitjans del segle XV a través de dos documents antics sobre reparacions realitzades al palau, un del 1437 i un altre del 1460

Globalização e identidades educativas : Rupturas e incertezas

Com este artigo pretende-se debater escolar e curricularmente a globalização e a identidade como dois espaços posicionais que configuram as políticas educacionais, concretamente ao nível da organização escolar. Defendemos que a globalização contribui de modo efectivo, contrariamente ao que a construção das identidades escolares pressupõe, não só para o reforço da homogeneização escolar, incluindo as práticas curriculares, como também para o reforço da noção de currículo como facto. Os resultados que se apresentam dizem respeito às práticas de elaboração de projectos educativos (político-pedagógicos) configurando a existência de projectos que são trabalhados escolarmente pelos professores numa lógica normativa e num ritual de cumprimento de macrodecisões, mesmo que a sua justificação seja feita na base da autonomia das escolas e de identidades curriculares locais.

Prevalência da Dislexia entre Crianças do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico falantes do Português Europeu

O objectivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência da dislexia entre as crianças portuguesas do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Foram avaliadas 1460 crianças dos 2.º, 3.º e 4.º anos de escolaridade relativamente ao nível de leitura e, de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos, 155 dessas crianças foram também avaliadas relativamente às capacidades cognitivas gerais e à consciência fonológica. As crianças foram testadas colectivamente nos testes de rastreio e individualmente nos outros testes. Por se tratar do primeiro estudo desta natureza realizado em Portugal, foram adoptados critérios muito conservadores para classificar uma criança como tendo dislexia. Os resultados revelam uma percentagem de 5,4% de crianças com dislexia, valor que se enquadra nos intervalos de prevalência recentemente divulgados noutros países.

Tone burst sensitivity in normal and sensorineural hearing impaired listeners

This paper discusses a study to predict the pure tone audiogram from the results of electric response audiometry utilizing frequency-selective tone burst stimuli.

Bilateral high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on attentional performance: transient deleterious effects and enhanced motivation in both intact and parkinsonian rats.

It is now well established that subthalamic nucleus high-frequency stimulation (STN HFS) alleviates motor problems in Parkinson's disease. However, its efficacy for cognitive function remains a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of STN HFS in rats performing a visual attentional task. Bilateral STN HFS was applied in intact and in bilaterally dopamine (DA)-depleted rats. In all animals, STN HFS had a transient debilitating effect on all the variables measured in the task. In DA-depleted rats, STN HFS did not alleviate the deficits induced by the DA lesion such as omissions and latency to make correct responses, but induced perseverative approaches to the food magazine, an indicator of enhanced motivation. In sham-operated controls, STN HFS significantly reduced accuracy and induced perseverative behaviour, mimicking partially the effects of bilateral STN lesions in the same task. These results are in line with the hypothesis that STN HFS only partially mimics inactivation of STN produced by lesioning and confirm the motivational exacerbation induced by STN inactivation.

Prolonged neglect following unilateral disruption of a prefrontal cortical-dorsal striatal system.

We investigated the potential function of the system formed by connections between the medial prefrontal cortex and the dorsomedial striatum in aspects of attentional function in the rat. It has been reported previously that disconnection of the same corticostriatal circuit produced marked deficits in performance of a serial, choice reaction-time task while sparing the acquisition of an appetitive Pavlovian approach behaviour in an autoshaping task (Christakou et al., 2001). Here, we hypothesized that unilateral disruption of the same circuit would lead to hemispatial inattention, contrasting with the global attention deficit following complete disconnection of the system. Combined unilateral lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the medial caudate-putamen (mCPu) within the same hemisphere produced a severe and long-lasting contralesional neglect syndrome while sparing the acquisition of autoshaping. These results provide further evidence for the involvement of the medial prefrontal-dorsomedial striatal circuit in aspects of attentional function, as well as insight into the nature of neglect deficits following lesions at different levels within corticostriatal circuitry.

Atypical neural self-representation in autism

The 'self' is a complex multidimensional construct deeply embedded and in many ways defined by our relations with the social world. Individuals with autism are impaired in both self-referential and other-referential social cognitive processing. Atypical neural representation of the self may be a key to understanding the nature of such impairments. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we scanned adult males with an autism spectrum condition and age and IQ-matched neurotypical males while they made reflective mentalizing or physical judgements about themselves or the British Queen. Neurotypical individuals preferentially recruit the middle cingulate cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in response to self compared with other-referential processing. In autism, ventromedial prefrontal cortex responded equally to self and other, while middle cingulate cortex responded more to other-mentalizing than self-mentalizing. These atypical responses occur only in areas where self-information is preferentially processed and does not affect areas that preferentially respond to other-referential information. In autism, atypical neural self-representation was also apparent via reduced functional connectivity between ventromedial prefrontal cortex and areas associated with lower level embodied representations, such as ventral premotor and somatosensory cortex. Furthermore, the magnitude of neural self-other distinction in ventromedial prefrontal cortex was strongly related to the magnitude of early childhood social impairments in autism. Individuals whose ventromedial prefrontal cortex made the largest distinction between mentalizing about self and other were least socially impaired in early childhood, while those whose ventromedial prefrontal cortex made little to no distinction between mentalizing about self and other were the most socially impaired in early childhood. These observations reveal that the atypical organization of neural circuitry preferentially coding for self-information is a key mechanism at the heart of both self-referential and social impairments in autism.

Variations in the human cannabinoid receptor (CNR1) gene modulate striatal responses to happy faces.

Happy facial expressions are innate social rewards and evoke a response in the striatum, a region known for its role in reward processing in rats, primates and humans. The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) is the best-characterized molecule of the endocannabinoid system, involved in processing rewards. We hypothesized that genetic variation in human CNR1 gene would predict differences in the striatal response to happy faces. In a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning study on 19 Caucasian volunteers, we report that four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CNR1 locus modulate differential striatal response to happy but not to disgust faces. This suggests a role for the variations of the CNR1 gene in underlying social reward responsivity. Future studies should aim to replicate this finding with a balanced design in a larger sample, but these preliminary results suggest neural responsivity to emotional and socially rewarding stimuli varies as a function of CNR1 genotype. This has implications for medical conditions involving hypo-responsivity to emotional and social stimuli, such as autism.