993 resultados para 1,15-C30 Diol
Resumo:
EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): This is a previous presentation of what has been observed in points spread in Mexico. The existing data amount is large enough that an atlas was given out in 1977. This atlas has information which goes back to the beginning of the country. The original data sets from which this atlas was issued exist in a variety of storage forms ranging from simple paper blocks up to books and magnetic tapes.
Resumo:
上新世时期是地球环境发展变化过程中由温暖的中新世向冰期-间冰期交替出现的更新世的过渡时期,研究上新世的气候有助于研究现代全球气候变化趋势。我国上新世植物群研究不多,尤其缺乏早上新世植物群的研究。在研究化石植物群的过程中,叶角质层的信息通常被忽视。迄今,我国古气候的定量研究主要集中在山东山旺和云南地区,研究的主要是中新世和晚上新世的古气候,早上新世气候的定量研究国内外都未见报道。 本论文以采自浙江中部嵊州地区硅藻土中的植物叶和果实为材料,通过光学显微镜、荧光显微镜和扫描电镜观察,对提取的化石叶角质层和叶结构进行研究,对比研究现代相关类群植物的叶片,确定了化石植物类群计15科24属(或亚科)34种。同时参照现代植物分布,恢复了早上新世嵊州地区古植被情况,进一步运用共存分析(Co-existence Approch)定量重建了当时的古气候,得到古年均温、古年较差和古年降水量等7个参数。 研究表明,叶结构和叶角质层可以应用于化石植物类群的鉴定。光学显微镜和荧光显微镜下可以获得的信息有:气孔、表皮细胞形状及大小、表皮细胞垂周壁、分泌结构、表皮毛或毛基等。扫描电镜观察的是叶表皮细胞表面的情况,如细胞外壁是否被蜡质以及蜡质的交结情况,气孔外壁是否增厚呈环等。 经化石植物类群鉴定,早上新世(约4Ma)嵊州地区植被属亚热带常绿阔叶林。推测:该地区当时存在一个较大的湖泊,湖泊边缘水中生长有菱角,湖泊周边可能有海拔超过1400m的山地。 常绿阔叶林主要成分是壳斗科植物,其中青冈属植物可能是建群植物。自低海拔到高海拔地区都有分布的是:栎属、栗属、桤木属植物,青杨梅。低海拔地区(<600m)分布的植物有:海南锥,樟。中低海拔地区(300-1000m)分布着:柯属、黄杨属植物,水青冈,海南油丹,江南油杉,福建柏。中高海拔地区(>700m)分布有:高山栎、黄肉楠属植物,米心水青冈,榉树,建始槭,天台鹅耳枥和昌化鹅耳枥。除了上述类群,林中还散布着鼠李属、杜鹃花属和冬青属的植物,豆科崖豆藤属植物则缠绕一些较大乔木生长。另外,在一些土壤、有机质易堆积的洼地生长有竹林,山地贫瘠的地方生长着柏属植物。 嵊州早上新世化石植物群反映的植被同浙江地区现代植被相似。第三纪浙江地区从针叶林或阔叶树为主的针-阔叶混交林过渡到常绿-落叶阔叶林,再发展为常绿阔叶林。 依据23个植物类群分析获得7个古气候参数:年均温17.7-21.4°C,最热月均温22.2-27°C,最冷月均温8.4-13.4°C,年较差12.1-15.3°C,年降水量1136-1869.9mm,最大月降水量211.8-283.3mm,最小月降水量20.3-36.8mm。 对比现代嵊州地区气候参数,早上新世嵊州地区年降水量略高于现代,年均温比现代高1.3-5°C,年较差为12.1-15.3°C。早上新世期嵊州地区四季气温比现代平稳。
Resumo:
A total of 1784 legal-size (≥356 mm TL) hatchery-produced red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) were tagged and released to estimate tag-reporting levels of recreational anglers in South Carolina (SC) and Georgia (GA). Twelve groups of legal-size fish (~150 fish/group) were released. Half of the fish of each group were tagged with an external tag with the message “reward” and the other half of the fish were implanted with tags with the message “$100 reward.” These fish were released into two estuaries in each state (n=4); three replicate groups were released at different sites within each estuary (n=12). From results obtained in previous tag return experiments conducted by wildlife and fisheries biologists, it was hypothesized that reporting would be maximized at a reward level of $100/tag. Reporting level for the “reward” tags was estimated by dividing the number of “reward” tags returned by the number of “$100 reward” tags returned. The cumulative return level for both tag messages was 22.7 (±1.9)% in SC and 25.8 (±4.1)% in GA. These return levels were typical of those recorded by other red drum tagging programs in the region. Return data were partitioned according to verbal survey information obtained from anglers who reported tagged fish. Based on this partitioned data set, 14.3 (±2.1)% of “reward” tags were returned in SC, and 25.5 (±2.3)% of “$100 reward” tags were returned. This finding indicates that only 56.7% of the fish captured with “reward” tags were reported in SC. The pattern was similar for GA where 19.1 (±10.6)% of “reward” message tags were returned as compared with 30.1 (±15.6)% for “$100 reward” message tags. This difference yielded a reporting level of 63% for “reward” tags in GA. Currently, 50% is used as the estimate for the angler reporting level in population models for red drum and a number of other coastal finfish species in the South Atlantic region of the United States. Based on results of our study, the commonly used reporting estimate may result in an overestimate of angler exploitation for red drum.
Resumo:
生物固氮和植物光合作用作为全球生态系统的两个基本生物学过程, 在碳氮循环、自然生态系统的维持和演替,以及农业生产中起了重要作用。尽管过去关于共生固氮与光合作用的研究取得了巨大成就,但是,很少将两者直接联系起来。本研究通过比较低光效和高光效大豆接种高效固氮根瘤菌后固氮与光合作用的差异,比较接种根瘤菌和施用铵态氮肥对大豆光合生理的影响或光照强度对大豆光合固氮的影响,以及C4基因转化C3 豆科植物—苜蓿的研究,试图将两者偶联起来。研究获得以下结果: 1.用nifA和dct工程根瘤菌接种低光效和高光效大豆后,与出发菌株比,均提高了大豆的固氮和光合作用。两者相比,nifA工程菌对低光效大豆黑农37号发挥了比较好的作用,大豆的光合作用参数,固氮活性和植物株高、株重等产量参数比dct工程菌好;dct工程菌接种高光效大豆黑农40号后,尽管固氮酶活性与nifA工程菌相比没有明显差异,但是大豆光合作用和产量参数有了比较明显的提高。 2.光照培养条件下,对大豆进行了接种根瘤菌(108细菌/ mL)、低氮(5 mmol/L (NH4)2SO4)和高氮(30 mmol/L (NH4)2SO4)处理。测定的大豆生长状况和光合作用系列参数结果表明:低氮处理的最好,接种根瘤菌的次之,高氮处理的最差。由此说明单纯接种根瘤菌满足不了大豆发育过程中的氮营养要求,其光合作用和生长受到不利影响。但是,高氮处理也并没有提高大豆的光合作用,其生长发育甚至受到抑制。该结果为生产实践中合理施肥提供了光合生理方面的参考。 3.接根瘤菌和不接根瘤菌的大豆在正常光强(150μmol photons m-2s-1)下生长三周后进行遮光(15μmol photons m-2s-1,7天)和复光(正常光强,7天)处理,大豆的光合作用有下降和回复。测定的一系列光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数,以及植物的生长生理参数结果表明:接根瘤菌大豆与不接根瘤菌的大豆对遮光的响应有不同。正常光照下,接种根瘤菌能促进大豆生长与光合作用;遮光处理后,根瘤菌对大豆的促进作用不显著。 4.获得了不同苜蓿品种的愈伤组织及其诱导的再生植株。并作了用小米、甘蔗的PEPC基因转化苜蓿的研究。由于在实验过程中,考虑转基因植物的安全性,着重于用甘露糖筛选转化体系的研究工作,忽略了用抗生素筛选转化体。用PCR法从苜蓿中扩增出甘露糖异构酶基因(pmi),表明苜蓿体内含有自己的甘露糖异构酶基因,使得甘露糖筛选没有成功。
Resumo:
安西县地处中亚东部荒漠亚区和中亚西部荒漠亚区交界处的中亚东部一侧,气候异常干燥,温差剧烈,年均降雨量仅56毫米,且集中于夏季。年均干燥度数22.3,六、七、八三月的干燥度分别为27.5、15.5和25.0,土壤基质多为石质和砂砾质,植被的生境相当严酷。进行植被考察时,共设了40个样地,记录到的植物有65种,分属17科、43属。植物生活型和生态类型以超旱生的灌木和半灌木为主,大部分面积上的盖度仅1%左右。用质壁分离法测定了15种优势种和常见伴生种植物的抗旱性。生境越干旱,同种植物的质壁分离时间越长;根据各种植物质壁分离的时间及质壁分离对荒漠旱生植物抗旱性的指示,可分为三类:一,极强耐旱植物,如泡泡刺;二,强耐旱植物,如黑柴;三,较强耐旱植物,如梭梭。对植物群落中的种间相关性进行分析,除了小环境因素的作用外,在极度干旱的生境,以极强和强耐旱植物作为建群种的植物群落中不存在种间相关性植物群落的类型能按植物的抗旱性聚类和排列,抗旱性可作为荒漠植被分类的一项指标。
Resumo:
The Twelfth Annual PACLIM Workshop was held at the Asilomar Conference Center on May 2-5, 1995. The workshop included 32 talks and 26 poster presentations. The talks consisted of a 1-day theme session of nine 45-minute talks and two featured evening talks. Throughout the remainder of the meeting were over 20 shorter 20-minute presentations. Poster presenters gave a 1-2 minute introduction to their posters, which were displayed during the entire meeting. About 100 participants were registered at the workshop.