Effets des supplémentations en calcium et vitamine D sur la maladie cardiovasculaire. [Effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementations on cardiovascular disease: review article].

Studies exploring the effect of calcium supplementation on cardiovascular risk suggest that systolic blood pressure decreases with supplementation. A lower calcium intake has been associated with an increased risk of stroke. By contrast, calcium supplementation may increase the risk of myocardial infarction. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure is still unclear and no effect of vitamin D supplementation on coronary heart disease or stroke has been clearly demonstrated. There is a lack of randomized clinical trials primarily addressing the effect of these parameters on CVD. Currently, the use of calcium and vitamin D supplementations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease is not justified.

Stratégies destinées a optimiser l'utilisation des antibiotiques en réanimation [Strategies targeted at optimising antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients]

Antibiotics are widely used in critical care and adequate empirical treatments has a significant impact on the outcome of many patients. Most nosocomial infections may be due to multidrug-resistant pathogens and requires empirical borad spectrum coverage before identification of the etiologic agents. This is associated with overuse of antibiotics which contributes to the further increase in multidrug-resistances. In this context, new strategies targeted at antibiotic control, such as guidelines and de-escalation are needed to control this evolution.