957 resultados para uso popular


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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O Brasil é um país dotado de Biodiversidade incomparável da qual advém inúmeras plantas medicinais que são frequentemente utilizadas de acordo com conhecimento empírico da população em geral. Considerando a importância de investigar os efeitos farmacológicos e toxicológicos de espécies vegetais utilizadas com fins terapêuticos, foi objetivo do presente trabalho avaliar a atividade mutagênica dos extratos metanólicos e hexânicos de Pouteria ramiflora e Pouteria torta, pois seus dados farmacológicos descritos na literatura são bastante restritos, destacando-se as atividades antimicrobiana, citotóxica e imunomoduladora. Como ferramenta foram escolhidos os testes de Ames e do Micronúcleo, pois ambos são preconizados pela ANVISA em testes de toxicidade de fitoterápicos. No Teste de Ames foram utilizadas as linhagens TA100, TA98, TA97a e TA102 de Salmonella typhimurium em presença e ausência de metabolização e no ensaio do micronúcleo foi utilizado o sangue periférico de camundongos Swiss tratados in vivo. Os resultados constataram que os extratos de ambas as espécies provocaram desvios da normalidade, ou seja, o Teste de Ames detectou aumento no número de revertentes por placa e o Teste do micronúcleo mostrou aumento significativo no número de células micronucleadas. Esses resultados demonstraram claramente que as duas espécies de Pouteria estudadas apresentaram potencial mutagênico e, portanto, o uso popular dessas plantas deve ser feito com cautela

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) is a fruitful tree popularly known as umbuzeiro, tapereba or umbu. It is a native and endemic species from Brazil, widespread in Brazilian Northeast. The species is important in folk medicine of the semi-arid Northeast, where it is mainly used to treat various inflammatory conditions, digestive problems as well as viral and bacterial infections. However, despite the common use in folk medicine, there are scarce pharmacological and phytochemicals studies that afford scientific evidence to its popular use. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the chemical markers in S. tuberosa leaves extract, obtained by maceration ethanol:water (70:30, [v/v]), and evaluate its anti-inflammatory potential in vivo. The phytochemical profile in TLC analysis suggested the occurence of the flavonoids rutin and isoquercitrin. HPLC analysis enabled us to confirm the presence of flavonoids and also, were detected the phenolic acids, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. In addition was developed and validated a HPLC method to evaluate the content of the identified compounds in S. tuberosa leaves extract according to RDC 899/2003 of ANVISA and ICH Guidelines 2005. In order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of S. tuberosa leaves extract, the peritonitis and paw edema models induced by carrageenan were used, administration i.p. in mice. The results highlighted the anti-inflammatory property in vivo at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg since a decrease in leukocyte influx to the site of inflammation, diameter of the edema and the level of myeloperoxidase were observed when compared to the drug control dexamethasone (2 mg/kg, i.p. route). Taken together, the results pointed out S. tuberosa as a potential species for developing phytotherapic derivatives in according to its popular use. With regard to the characterization markers, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin and isoquercitrin were identified and quantified in Spondias tuberosa leaves extract so they could be used in quality control analyses of the raw material and extracts of this species.

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Snakebites are a serious public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries and Bothrops genus is responsible for the accidents in Brazil and throughout Latin America (90% of cases). The local effects (pain, edema, hemorrhage and myonecrosis) and systemic (cardiovascular alterations, shock and blood clotting disorders) caused by the venom of Bothrops are due to the numerous protein and non-protein components, which are part of the constitution of the poison. The only form of therapy is scientifically validated antivenom serum therapy which, however, is not effective with respect to local effects produced, risk of immunological reactions, high cost and difficult access in some regions. Thus, the search for new alternatives to serum therapy becomes important, and in this context, many medicinal plants have been highlighted by the popular use as antiophidic. Among these plants, we can mention the species Jatropha mollissima (Euphorbiaceae) which has popular use in traditional medicine as antiophidic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antipyretic. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the neutralizing potential of local effects induced by the venom of Bothrops erythromelas and Bothrops jararaca with the aqueous extract of the leaves of J. mollissima. The leaf extracts were prepared by decoction, fractionated (by liquid-liquid partition) and characterized by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Antiophidic activity of the extract was evaluated in model of paw edema, peritonitis, bleeding and myotoxicity induced by venoms of B. jararaca and B. erythromelas. In all models, the extract was evaluated by intraperitoneal route at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, administered 30 minutes prior to injection of the venom (pretreatment protocol). Stains suggestive of the presence of flavonoids: apigenin, luteolin, orientin, isoorientin, vitexin and vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside were detected in the extract by co-CCD. By means of HPLC were identified isoorientin, orientin, vitexin and isovitexin. All tested doses of J. mollissima extract reduced the paw edema induced by the venom with intensity similar to dexamethasone. The aqueous extract of J. mollissima leaves on all evaluated doses, inhibited cell migration induced by B. jararaca and B. erythromelas promoting inhibition of recruitment of mononuclear cells and the polymorphonuclear cells. Local bleeding induced by B. jararaca venom was significantly inhibited by the extract. Both venoms were inhibited by the extract in myotoxic activity. These results indicate that the aqueous extract of J. mollissima leaves have snakebite potential, particularly with respect to local effects, which may justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine and complementary therapy as anti-venom serum.

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Snakebites are a serious public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries and Bothrops genus is responsible for the accidents in Brazil and throughout Latin America (90% of cases). The local effects (pain, edema, hemorrhage and myonecrosis) and systemic (cardiovascular alterations, shock and blood clotting disorders) caused by the venom of Bothrops are due to the numerous protein and non-protein components, which are part of the constitution of the poison. The only form of therapy is scientifically validated antivenom serum therapy which, however, is not effective with respect to local effects produced, risk of immunological reactions, high cost and difficult access in some regions. Thus, the search for new alternatives to serum therapy becomes important, and in this context, many medicinal plants have been highlighted by the popular use as antiophidic. Among these plants, we can mention the species Jatropha mollissima (Euphorbiaceae) which has popular use in traditional medicine as antiophidic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antipyretic. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the neutralizing potential of local effects induced by the venom of Bothrops erythromelas and Bothrops jararaca with the aqueous extract of the leaves of J. mollissima. The leaf extracts were prepared by decoction, fractionated (by liquid-liquid partition) and characterized by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Antiophidic activity of the extract was evaluated in model of paw edema, peritonitis, bleeding and myotoxicity induced by venoms of B. jararaca and B. erythromelas. In all models, the extract was evaluated by intraperitoneal route at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, administered 30 minutes prior to injection of the venom (pretreatment protocol). Stains suggestive of the presence of flavonoids: apigenin, luteolin, orientin, isoorientin, vitexin and vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside were detected in the extract by co-CCD. By means of HPLC were identified isoorientin, orientin, vitexin and isovitexin. All tested doses of J. mollissima extract reduced the paw edema induced by the venom with intensity similar to dexamethasone. The aqueous extract of J. mollissima leaves on all evaluated doses, inhibited cell migration induced by B. jararaca and B. erythromelas promoting inhibition of recruitment of mononuclear cells and the polymorphonuclear cells. Local bleeding induced by B. jararaca venom was significantly inhibited by the extract. Both venoms were inhibited by the extract in myotoxic activity. These results indicate that the aqueous extract of J. mollissima leaves have snakebite potential, particularly with respect to local effects, which may justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine and complementary therapy as anti-venom serum.

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Este trabalho buscou investigar a importância da educação patrimonial no processo de reconhecimento de bibliotecas históricas enquanto instituições patrimoniais e as possibilidades de atuação do profissional bibliotecário neste contexto, sendo o objeto de estudo desta pesquisa a Biblioteca Rio-Grandense, localizada na cidade de Rio Grande (RS). Nota-se que esta tem passado despercebida pela comunidade local, situação possivelmente explicada, segundo observações pessoais da autora, pelo comportamento da própria entidade, a qual denota pouca expressividade quanto a realização de atividades culturais, fato que possivelmente vem interferindo na relação e na possibilidade de maiores interações da mesma com a população entorno. Logo, esta pesquisa buscou averiguar quais têm sido as estratégias encontradas pela referida instituição para se fazer perceber junto à comunidade riograndina, especialmente sob o seu aspecto patrimonial. De caráter exploratóriodescritivo, seguindo uma abordagem qualitativa, assume a forma de estudo de caso. Para sua consecução se elaborou um questionário semiestruturado que foi aplicado no período de julho a agosto de 2015 junto às bibliotecárias e equipe gestora da Biblioteca Rio-Grandense, prosseguindo a tabulação e observação crítica das informações coletados adotando o método da Análise de Conteúdo. O conjunto de dados analisados implicou o surgimento de categorias temáticas: Temporalidade; Valor cultural sublimado; Pouco uso popular, quando se questionou se os sujeitos acreditavam que a Biblioteca Rio-Grandense seria reconhecida como elemento patrimonial pela comunidade local; Centralização do planejamento organizacional; Realização de atividades, acerca do planejamento estratégico e projetos para dar visibilidade popular à biblioteca e seu acervo; Serviços culturais restritos; Entrave financeiro, referente a quais ações culturais são executadas pela Biblioteca Rio Grandense; Práticas literárias; Uso do acervo; Público direcionado, relativas a quais atividades que desenvolveriam para divulgar a Biblioteca Rio-Grandense. Pensando ainda no aspecto da mediação cultural foram sugeridas algumas ações que a Biblioteca poderá empregar visando a uma maior aproximação e comunicação com a população local.

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Astrocaryum vulgare Mart., conhecida por tucumã-do-Pará, possui uso popular na região amazônica e grandes potencialidades de aproveitamento em indústrias farmacêutica, cosmética e de biodiesel. A exploração ainda é extrativista, tornando fundamentais informações sobre a variabilidade genética existente em áreas de ocorrência natural. A variabilidade genética pode ser acessada por marcadores microssatélites ou SSR, considerados ideais para estudo em populações naturais. Entretanto, não há relatos de desenvolvimento de microssatélites para A. vulgare. O objetivo foi avaliar a transferibilidade de locos SSR desenvolvidos para outras espécies de palmeiras em A. vulgare. Realizou-se a extração de DNA a partir de amostras de folíolos de tucumanzeiros de sete povoamentos e após a quantificação os DNA?s foram submetidos à PCR, com os locos desenvolvidos para Bactris gasipaes, Phoenix dactylifera e Astrocaryum aculeatum. As condições de amplificação seguiram o protocolo desenvolvido para A. aculeatum, com pequenas adaptações. Os produtos amplificados foram aplicados em gel de agarose a 3,5%, corado com brometo de etídio e submetidos à eletroforese horizontal. Os perfis dos géis foram fotodocumentados e as imagens armazenadas digitalmente. A transferibilidade dos locos foi avaliada com base na amplificação dos produtos, sua nitidez e ausência de bandas inespecíficas. Todos os locos de A. aculeatum e a maioria dos de B. gasipaes amplificaram, com 75% deles transferíveis para o genoma de A. vulgare, enquanto que apenas dois dos locos de P. dactylifera amplificaram, com muitas bandas inespecíficas, mostrando-se inviáveis para estudos do genoma da espécie.

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Se presentan algunos de los más de 200 términos que la Real Academia de la Lengua Española enmienda o añade a su Diccionario. Se recoge el análisis que Guillermo de Torre hace en el diario ABC del 28 de mayo de 1968 de dos artículos publicados por Salvador de Madariaga y Rafael Lapesa en la 'Revista de Occidente', sobre la lexicología, nuevas palabras y acepciones.

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Este trabajo investigativo pretende evidenciar el recorrido reivindicatorio de los indígenas en el País, muestra, de manera cronológica, su proceso organizativo que se fundamentó desde la figura de comuna, posterior a ello y gracias a levantamientos se proclamó las Reformas Agrarias, una conquista importante para el pueblo indígena puesto que así logró su reivindicación y regular la tenencia de tierras, esto significó fortalecer la organización política hasta consolidar un Movimiento, lo que permitió visibilizar y protagonizar espacios públicos. Con la presencia del Movimiento en Cotopaxi, nuevos retos se presentaron, gracias al proceso evangelizador de Radio Latacunga y su programa de “cabinas populares” el indígena tiene mayor visibilización y una inclinación por el tema comunicacional, posterior a ello, en una asamblea del movimiento consideran contar con su propio medio de comunicación y deciden apuntar por la televisión, después de lograr armar el aparataje tecnológico y contar con el personal humano TV MICC realiza la primera transmisión en el año 2009. Pero ahora el desafío es aún mayor, siendo un canal que representa una plataforma comunicacional para el Movimiento debe sobrevivir en el mundo televisivo de la localidad y competir con las prácticas tradicionales de los medios comerciales, el canal tiene una particularidad, trabaja en torno al tema indígena y su cosmovisión, su cobertura es sobre temas alusivos a los suyos y la política de la misma organización, hacen énfasis en la revitalización del idioma quichua y muestra a través de productos audiovisuales la vida y el trabajo de personajes y sus comunidades. Sin embargo, debe luchar con la poca aceptación que mantiene ante el sector rural y la casi nula en la ciudad pese a que sus intentos esperan reconocer a los indígenas y que ellos se sientan representados con el trabajo de la televisora, compiten constantemente con la modernidad y las practicas diferentes que los jóvenes han desarrollado debido a la migración, la finalidad TV MICC se ve arriesgada.

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This work was carried out in five counties of Amazon State, Brazil, along the Solimoes/Amazonas and Negro Rivers. The objective was to identify the several forms of natural and induced propagation with medicinal plants, natives and exotics. The peoples were interviewed, with visit and recollection of botanical materials to herborization and reproduction. The greatest parts of plants propagate by seeds (65,8 per cent) and cutting (23,5 per cent). It was showed several species that reproduce by other strategies, like bulbs, rhizomes or brotations. The Amazonian species, in general, propagate by seeds, with some exceptions.

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The objective if this work was a survey of medicinal plants plus commonly cultivated in quintais in Amazon State, Brazil. The work was carried out in five counties at the Solimões/Amazonas and Negro Rivers, by questionnaires, interviews and collections of botanical materials, using the literature to define the geographic origins. It was showed 105 species of medicinal plants, with average of 13 per house. The Amazonian plants, in general wood plants, meaning 10,9 percent of the total of species that was survey, with predominance of the American continent plants out of Amazonian (38,2 per cent). The major group was herbaceous or shrubs exotic plants, aromatics. In general, the peoples unknown the origin of the species of medicinal plants that use day after day.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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The aim of this study is to investigate the spontaneous use of medicinal plants by volunteer patients in the treatment of hypertension and to determine the most used plants in this situation. Data were collected through a questionnaire and a semi-structured guided interview applied to patients from a health center in the Midwest region of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Quantitative analysis identified a high number of hypertensive patients spontaneously using herbal treatment. The referred plants were identified by the Herbarium Botu and researched in the literature as to their therapeutic actions. The biggest mistake was observed in the misuse of the Bilberry for the treatment of hypertension, which reveals that health professionals and the community in general should be more careful. As a result we have published an informative booklet, with emphasis on hypertension concepts and on the use of medicinal plants as an alternative therapy method for this disease in order to provide scientific knowledge and scientific research evidence to this practice.