Estudo da influência da temperatura na degradação termoquímica da biomassa de avelós

The bio-oil obtained from the pyrolysis of biomass has appeared as inter-esting alternative to replace fossil fuels. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of temperature on the yield of products originating from the pyrolysis process of the powder obtained from the dried twigs of avelós (Euphorbia tirucalli), using a rotating cylinder reactor in laboratory scale. The biomass was treated and characterized by: CHNS, moisture, volatiles, fixed carbon and ashes, as well as evaluation of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, besides other instrumental techniques such as: FTIR, TG/DTG, DRX, FRX and MEV. The activation energy was evaluated in non-isothemichal mode with heating rates of 5 and 10 oC/min. The obtained results showed biomass as feedstock with potential for biofuel production, because presents a high organic matter content (78,3%) and fixed-carbon (7,11%). The activation energy required for the degradation of biomass ranged between 232,92 392,84 kJ/mol, in the temperature range studied and heating rate of 5 and 10°C/min. In the pyrolysis process, the influence of the reaction temperature was studied (350-520 ° C), keeping constant the other variables, such as, the flow rate of carrier gas, the centrifugal speed for the bio-oil condensationa, the biomass flow and the rotation of the reactor. The maximum yield of bio-oil was obtained in the temperature of 450°C. In this temperature, the results achieved where: content of bio-oil 8,12%; char 32,7%; non-condensed gas 35,4%; losts 23,8%; gross calorific value 3,43MJ/kg; pH 4,93 and viscosity 1,5cP. The chromatographic analysis of the bio-oil produced under these conditions shows mainly the presence of phenol (17,71%), methylciclopentenone (10,56%) and dimethylciclopentenone (7,76%)

Estudo da influência da temperatura na degradação termoquímica da biomassa de avelós (euphorbia tirucalli Linn)

The bio-oil obtained from the pyrolysis of biomass has appeared as inter-esting alternative to replace fossil fuels. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of temperature on the yield of products originating from the pyrolysis process of the powder obtained from the dried twigs of avelós (Euphorbia tirucalli), using a rotating cylinder reactor in laboratory scale. The biomass was treated and characterized by: CHNS, moisture, volatiles, fixed carbon and ashes, as well as evaluation of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, besides other instrumental techniques such as: FTIR, TG/DTG, DRX, FRX and MEV. The activation energy was evaluated in non-isothemichal mode with heating rates of 5 and 10 oC/min. The obtained results showed biomass as feedstock with potential for biofuel production, because presents a high organic matter content (78,3%) and fixed-carbon (7,11%). The activation energy required for the degradation of biomass ranged between 232,92 392,84 kJ/mol, in the temperature range studied and heating rate of 5 and 10°C/min. In the pyrolysis process, the influence of the reaction temperature was studied (350-520 ° C), keeping constant the other variables, such as, the flow rate of carrier gas, the centrifugal speed for the bio-oil condensationa, the biomass flow and the rotation of the reactor. The maximum yield of bio-oil was obtained in the temperature of 450°C. In this temperature, the results achieved where: content of bio-oil 8,12%; char 32,7%; non-condensed gas 35,4%; losts 23,8%; gross calorific value 3,43MJ/kg; pH 4,93 and viscosity 1,5cP. The chromatographic analysis of the bio-oil produced under these conditions shows mainly the presence of phenol (17,71%), methylciclopentenone (10,56%) and dimethylciclopentenone (7,76%)

Nest and fledglings of the Red-ruffed Fruitcrow (Pyroderus scutatus)

Information on the breeding behavior of the Red-ruffed Fruitcrow (Pyroderus scutatus) is scarce and restricted to the subspecies P. s. granadensis and P. s. orenocensis. We found the first nest of the nominate subspecies (P. s. scutatus) in an Atlantic Forest area in southeastern Brazil on 28 November 2004. The nest contained two nestlings and was built on a horizontal fork, 16.7 m above ground. It was cup-shaped with a substantial base composed of twigs: outside diameter 38 cm, cup diameter 16.5 cm, outside height 11.3 cm, and inside height 5 cm. The nestlings were thickly covered with brownish down. Only one unknown gender adult visited the nest. Although locally endangered, the breeding cycle of this species remains poorly known.

Laboratory evaluation of Amazon forest biomass burning emissions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cytotoxic Clerodane Diterpenoids from Casearia obliqua

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Mites (Arachnida, Acari) on Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck orange trees in the state of Amazonas, Northern Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Biosynthesis of friedelane and quinonemethide triterpenoids is compartmentalized in Maytenus aquifolium and Salacia campestris

Maytenus aquifolium (Celastraceae) and Salacia campestris (Hippocrateaceae) species accumulate friedelane and quinonemethide triterpenoids in their leaves and root bark, respectively. Enzymatic extracts obtained from leaves displayed cyclase activity with conversion of the substrate oxidosqualene to the triterpenes, 3 beta -friedelanol and friedelin. In addition, administration of (+/-)5-H-3 mevalonolactone in leaves of M. aquifolium seedlings produced radio labelled friedelin in the leaves, twigs and stems, while the root bark accumulated labelled maytenin and pristimerin. These experiments indicated that the triterpenes once biosynthesized in the leaves are translocated to the root bark and further transformed to the antitumoral quinonemethide triterpenoids. (C) 2000 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Foraging activity of Trachymyrmex fuscus (hymenoptera: formicidae) in a degraded area

Two Trachymyrmex fuscus nests were observed between 2001 and 2002 in order to analyze the ant's foraging activity and the substrate collected by workers in an area modified by human activity. The analysis of results demonstrated alterations in the diel activity patterns of workers during the several months studied; however, we could not establish direct relations with variations in temperature and relative humidity. The materials transported to grow the symbiotic fungus were, for the most part, recently fallen or dry leaves, flowers, twigs, and seeds. The distances traveled by the ants until the foraging area and their collected material preferences revealed an opportunistic behavior, in which workers use plant parts according to the vegetation's phenology.

A new species of Cordia (Cordiaceae, Boraginales) from Brazil

A new species from Brazil, Cordia pilosa M. Stapf & Taroda (Cordiaceae), is described from northeastern Brazil. Illustrations and data on habitat, distribution, and phenology are provided. The new species belongs to Cordia sect. Superbiflorae Taroda, and it is distinguished from similar species in section Superbiflorae by its compact inflorescences and the pilose indument on the twigs, leaves, and inflorescence axes. © 2010 Missouri Botanical Garden.

Thermal behavior of lignin and cellulose from waste composting process

The lignin and cellulose were extracted from reference material (leaves and twigs) and food of compost at different times composting: zero (raw), 30, and 120 days. According to thermogravimetric analysis and its derivative and differential scanning calorimetry curves for these samples, were verified during composting process there were considerable changes in its thermal profiles, as well as, characteristics lignin in cellulose samples and cellulose in lignin samples. These features were found by fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. © 2012 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.

Occurrence and natural history of Myrmelachista Roger (Formicidae: Formicinae) in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estrutura da fauna de formigas epígeas em fragmentos de Floresta Atlântica Semidecidual com diferentes tamanhos

Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE

Aspectos biológicos de Quesada gigas (Olivier, 1790) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) em cafeeiro

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Atividade de extratos vegetais e seus derivados sobre o crescimento do fungo simbionte de Atta sexdens L. e outros microrganismos

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC

Detecção in silico, isolamento e caracterização estrutural dos constitutintes micromoleculares antimaláricos e antioxidantes em galhosmdemGarcina gardneriana (Clusiaceae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)