Análisis de la viabilidad de la implementación de compras verdes en una organización teniendo en cuenta la sustentabilidad en la cadena de suministro

Hoy en día las organizaciones buscan ser más sustentables a través de la implementación de prácticas verdes en cadena de suministro; en este documento se busca analizar y desarrollar diferentes métodos, propuestas y estrategias para la incorporación de estas prácticas a lo largo de la cadena de suministro. Esta investigación se llevara a cabo por medio del estudio de la “guía de trazabilidad: un acercamiento practico hacia el avance sustentable en las cadenas de suministro globales” además de la norma ISO PC 20400.3, obteniendo como resultado una propuesta de integración entre las compras verdes y la trazabilidad en la cadena de suministro. Todo esto con el objetivo de establecer los requerimientos mínimos que debe tener una empresa, así como los pasos a seguir para la ejecución exitosa de un programa de compras verdes.

Do national cultural differences affect the nature and characteristics of HRM practices? Evidence from Australian and Hong Kong construction firms on remuneration and job autonomy

Human resource management (HRM) plays a pivotal role in attracting and retaining talents. However, there is growing recognition in international HRM literature that the adoption of the widely accepted US/Harvard-inspired HRM model ignores the influences of cultural contexts on HRM practices in different countries. This notion has not been empirically investigated in the construction industry. Based on survey responses from 604 construction professionals from Australia and Hong Kong, this study examines whether: (i) national cultural differences influence individuals’ preference for types of remuneration and job autonomy, (ii) actual organizational HRM practices reflect such preferences and (iii) gaps between individuals’ preferences and actual organizational HRM practices affect job satisfaction. Results showed significant difference in HRM preferences between Australian and Hong Kong respondents and these are reflected in the distinct types of HRM practices adopted by construction firms in the two countries. Findings further indicated that the gap between individuals’ preferences and actual organizational HRM practices is associated with job satisfaction. The results support existing mainstream research and highlight the deficiency of the acultural treatment of HRM that is still apparent in construction management literature. An uncritical literature in the area not only hinders theory development but also potentially undermines the ability of construction firms to attract, recruit, and retain scarce talents.

Characterizing intuition in information systems research

The study of intuition is an emerging area of research in psychology, social sciences, and business studies. It is increasingly of interest to the study of management, for example in decision-making as a counterpoint to structured approaches. Recently work has been undertaken to conceptualize a construct for the intuitive nature of technology. However to-date there is no common under-standing of the term intuition in information systems (IS) research. This paper extends the study of intuition in IS research by using exploratory research to cate-gorize the use of the word “intuition” and related terms in papers published in two prominent IS journals over a ten year period. The entire text of MIS Quarterly and Information Systems Research was reviewed for the years 1999 through 2008 using searchable PDF versions of these publications. As far as could be deter-mined, this is the first application of this approach in the analysis of the text of IS academic journals. The use of the word “intuition” and related terms was catego-rized using coding consistent with Grounded Theory. The focus of this research was on the first two stages of Grounded Theory analysis - the development of codes and constructs. Saturation of coding was not reached: an extended review of these publications would be required to enable theory development. Over 400 incidents of the use of “intuition”, and related terms were found in the articles reviewed. The most prominent use of the term of “intuition” was coded as “Intui-tion as Authority” in which intuition was used to validate a research objective or finding; representing approximately 37 per cent of codes assigned. The second most common coding occurred in research articles with mathematical analysis, representing about 19 per cent of the codes assigned, for example where a ma-thematical formulation or result was “intuitive”. The possibly most impactful use of the term “intuition” was “Intuition as Outcome”, representing approximately 7 per cent of all coding, which characterized research results as adding to the intui-tive understanding of a research topic or phenomena. This research contributes to a greater theoretical understanding of intuition enabling insight into the use of intuition, and the eventual development of a theory on the use of intuition in academic IS research publications. It also provides potential benefits to practi-tioners by providing insight into and validation of the use of intuition in IS man-agement. Research directions include the creation of reflective and/or formative constructs for intuition in information systems research.

Forgetting as a consequence of retrieval: a meta-analytic review of retrieval-induced forgetting

Retrieving a subset of items can cause the forgetting of other items, a phenomenon referred to as retrieval-induced forgetting. According to some theorists, retrieval-induced forgetting is the consequence of an inhibitory mechanism that acts to reduce the accessibility of non-target items that interfere with the retrieval of target items. Other theorists argue that inhibition is unnecessary to account for retrieval-induced forgetting, contending instead that the phenomenon can be best explained by non-inhibitory mechanisms, such as strength-based competition or blocking. The current paper provides the first major meta-analysis of retrieval-induced forgetting, conducted with the primary purpose of quantitatively evaluating the multitude of findings that have been used to contrast these two theoretical viewpoints. The results largely supported inhibition accounts, but also provided some challenging evidence, with the nature of the results often varying as a function of how retrieval-induced forgetting was assessed. Implications for further research and theory development are discussed.

Um estudo sobre as configurações curriculares e potenciais formativos de cursos de licenciatura em física do Estado de Minas Gerais

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

Toward a peripheral view of manufacturing networks

This doctoral thesis unfolds into a collection of three distinct articles that share an interest in supply firms, or “peripheral firms”. The three studies offer a novel theoretical perspective that I call the peripheral view of manufacturing networks. Building on the relational view literature, this new perspective identifies the supplier-based theoretical standpoint to analyze and explain the antecedents of relational rents in manufacturing networks. The first article, the namesake of the dissertation, is a theoretical contribution that explains the foundations of the “peripheral view of manufacturing networks”. The second article “Framing The Strategic Peripheries: A Novel Typology of Suppliers” is an empirical study with the aim to offer an interpretation of peripheries’ characteristics and dynamics. The third article, “What is Behind Absorptive Capacity? Dispelling the Opacity of R&D” presents an example of general theory development by using data from peripheral firms.

Does culture affect public service motivation? Evidence of sub-national differences in Switzerland

This article explores societal culture as an antecedent of public service motivation. Culture can be a major factor in developing an institution-based theory of public service motivation. In the field of organization theory, culture is considered a fundamental factor for explaining organization behavior. But our review of the literature reveals that culture has not been fully integrated into public service motivation theory or carefully investigated in this research stream. This study starts to fill this gap in the literature by using institutionalism and social-identity theory to predict how the sub-national Germanic and Latin cultures of Switzerland, which are measured through the mother tongues of public employees and the regional locations of public offices, affect their levels of public service motivation. Our analysis centers on two large data sets of federal and municipal employees, and produces evidence that culture has a consistent impact on public service motivation. The results show that Swiss German public employees have a significantly higher level of public service motivation on the whole, while Swiss French public employees have a significantly lower level overall. Implications for theory development and future research are discussed.

Immigrant students’ psychological adjustment in the school context: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research on acculturation

This contribution focuses on the characteristics of the school context and their impact on immigrant students’ acculturation and adjustment at school. Research suggests that the ways immigrants acculturate is related to their well being (e.g. Phinney, et al., 2001; Ward & Rana-Deuba, 1999), although findings have been contradictory across methods and studies (e.g. Rogler, 1991; Escobar & Vega, 2001). Debates in acculturation research currently center on issues of acculturation measurement (e.g. Berry, 2009; Rudmin, 2009), as most research is conducted in the quantitative tradition. In addition, some have suggested (Birman, 2011) that research on acculturation in the tradition of cross-cultural psychology adopts an overly individualistic perspective, and lacks attention to the specific contexts of acculturation. Alternatively, the contextual approach proposes that the relationship between acculturation and adjustment is shaped by the surrounding context (Birman & Simon, 2013). For immigrant children, schools are the setting where the process of acculturation unfolds, and an important context in which to study their adjustment and well being (Birman, et al., 2007; Makarova & Herzog, 2011). Though rarely used in this tradition of acculturation research (Chirkov, 2009), qualitative methods are uniquely suited to gain insight to facilitate theory development, as well as appreciate the contextual nature of the acculturation process. Yet we are not aware of efforts to synthesize the empirical qualitative literature on this topic. Applying the methodology of meta-synthesis for qualitatieve research (Walsh & Downe, 2005) our contribution attempts to integrate results from qualitative studies on impact of acculturation on immigrant students’ psychological adjustment in the school context. For this purpose 84 articles which matched the inclusion criteria were selected. Overall, the results of our study show that within the school context a number of structural as well as process characteristics can be identified as crucial for immigrant youth psychological adjustment. Moreover, our findings indicate that immigrant youths’ psychological adjustment is related to other individual outcomes of acculturation in the school context such as behavioral adjustment, peer-relationships, academic achievement and identity development of immigrant youth.

Organizational perspectives on the management and evaluation of large -scale multicenter controlled clinical trials: An exploratory study of participation in the beta -blocker heart attack trial

A review of literature related to appointment-keeping served as the basis for the development of an organizational paradigm for the study of appointment-keeping in the Beta-blocker Heart Attack Trial (BHAT). Features of the organizational environment, demographic characteristics of BHAT enrollees, organizational structure and processes and previous organizational performance variables were measured so as to provide exploratory information relating to the appointment-keeping behavior of 3,837 participants enrolled at thirty-two Clinical Centers. Results suggest that the social context of individual behavior is an important consideration for the understanding of patient compliance. In particular, the degree to which previous organizational performance--as measured by obtaining recruitment goals--and the ability to utilize resources had particularly strong bivariate associations with appointment-keeping. Implications for future theory development, research and practical implications were provided as was a suggestion for the development of multidisciplinary research efforts conducted within the context of Centers for the study and application of adherence behaviors. ^

La economía y el ambiente : Ortodoxias y heterodoxias para la aplicación al territorio

El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir los enfoques principales del debate sobre el tratamiento que debe dar la economía al impacto ambiental. El tema se relaciona con toda la discusión sobre el desarrollo y sobre la relación entre territorio y desarrollo, y atraviesa la problemática de la geografía económica y regional en cuestiones como la planificación regional o el análisis de impacto, sobre todo en territorios con fuerte influencia de la explotación de recursos naturales. Se analiza la manera de incorporar el problema en las bases de la economía neoclásica aceptando sus principios y utilizando sus instrumentos. Luego se aborda la economía ecológica desde el trabajo de Georgescu-Roegen de 1971, el primero que intenta introducir en el razonamiento económico las leyes de la irreversibilidad de los procesos, por fuera de la visión neoclásica y fundando una corriente heterodoxa. Más allá de estas posiciones, están las visiones que analizan la relación entre ambiente y desarrollo manteniendo el concepto de centro-periferia o asumiendo la necesidad de construir discursos contra-hegemónicos, enmarcando la cuestión ambiental en esa lógica: se mencionan la postura del marxismo y el aporte del poscolonialismo -este último, fundamental, por la importancia que asigna a la necesidad de reconstruir la perspectiva ambiental desde las identidades y el territorio-. Las conclusiones plantean el desafío de retomar este tipo de puntos de vista -lo que limita enormemente el uso del herramental de la economía ambiental- y también algunas propuestas neoinstitucionalistas de la economía ecológica

La economía y el ambiente : Ortodoxias y heterodoxias para la aplicación al territorio

El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir los enfoques principales del debate sobre el tratamiento que debe dar la economía al impacto ambiental. El tema se relaciona con toda la discusión sobre el desarrollo y sobre la relación entre territorio y desarrollo, y atraviesa la problemática de la geografía económica y regional en cuestiones como la planificación regional o el análisis de impacto, sobre todo en territorios con fuerte influencia de la explotación de recursos naturales. Se analiza la manera de incorporar el problema en las bases de la economía neoclásica aceptando sus principios y utilizando sus instrumentos. Luego se aborda la economía ecológica desde el trabajo de Georgescu-Roegen de 1971, el primero que intenta introducir en el razonamiento económico las leyes de la irreversibilidad de los procesos, por fuera de la visión neoclásica y fundando una corriente heterodoxa. Más allá de estas posiciones, están las visiones que analizan la relación entre ambiente y desarrollo manteniendo el concepto de centro-periferia o asumiendo la necesidad de construir discursos contra-hegemónicos, enmarcando la cuestión ambiental en esa lógica: se mencionan la postura del marxismo y el aporte del poscolonialismo -este último, fundamental, por la importancia que asigna a la necesidad de reconstruir la perspectiva ambiental desde las identidades y el territorio-. Las conclusiones plantean el desafío de retomar este tipo de puntos de vista -lo que limita enormemente el uso del herramental de la economía ambiental- y también algunas propuestas neoinstitucionalistas de la economía ecológica

La economía y el ambiente : Ortodoxias y heterodoxias para la aplicación al territorio

El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir los enfoques principales del debate sobre el tratamiento que debe dar la economía al impacto ambiental. El tema se relaciona con toda la discusión sobre el desarrollo y sobre la relación entre territorio y desarrollo, y atraviesa la problemática de la geografía económica y regional en cuestiones como la planificación regional o el análisis de impacto, sobre todo en territorios con fuerte influencia de la explotación de recursos naturales. Se analiza la manera de incorporar el problema en las bases de la economía neoclásica aceptando sus principios y utilizando sus instrumentos. Luego se aborda la economía ecológica desde el trabajo de Georgescu-Roegen de 1971, el primero que intenta introducir en el razonamiento económico las leyes de la irreversibilidad de los procesos, por fuera de la visión neoclásica y fundando una corriente heterodoxa. Más allá de estas posiciones, están las visiones que analizan la relación entre ambiente y desarrollo manteniendo el concepto de centro-periferia o asumiendo la necesidad de construir discursos contra-hegemónicos, enmarcando la cuestión ambiental en esa lógica: se mencionan la postura del marxismo y el aporte del poscolonialismo -este último, fundamental, por la importancia que asigna a la necesidad de reconstruir la perspectiva ambiental desde las identidades y el territorio-. Las conclusiones plantean el desafío de retomar este tipo de puntos de vista -lo que limita enormemente el uso del herramental de la economía ambiental- y también algunas propuestas neoinstitucionalistas de la economía ecológica

Estudio de la tecnología de identificación por radiofrecuencia, desarrollo y aplicaciones, seguridad, amenazas y mal uso

Resumen Ejecutivo Desde hace unos años, la tecnología RFID parece estar tecnológicamente madura, aunque se halla inmersa en una continua evolución y mejora de sus prestaciones frente a la tecnología basada en el código de barras. Esta tecnología está empezando a aumentar su comercialización y uso generalizado. Este proyecto describe su funcionamiento y arquitectura, las aplicaciones e implementaciones reales en diversos sectores empresariales y soluciones o propuestas para mejorar y fomentar investigaciones, desarrollos e implementaciones futuras. Una primera parte consiste en el desarrollo teórico del funcionamiento, parámetros físicos y la arquitectura RFID. En la segunda parte se estudian las aplicaciones potenciales, beneficios e inconvenientes y varios puntos de vista; empresas que invierten a favor de RFID y han realizado implementaciones reales exitosas y organizaciones en contra. La tercera y última parte analiza las consecuencias negativas que supone un mal uso de la tecnología como la pérdida de privacidad o confidencialidad, se proponen algunas medidas de seguridad y soluciones al problema utilizando la regularización y estandarización. Finalmente, tras estudiar la tecnología RFID, se aportan algunas conclusiones de carácter actual y de futuro después de observar resultados de expectativas previstas. Executive Summary For several years, RFID technology seems to be technologically mature, but is immersed in a continuous evolution and improvement of their performance than the technology based on the barcode. This technology is starting to increase their marketing and widespread use. This project describes its operation and architecture, applications and real implementations in different business sectors and solutions or proposals to improve and enhance research, development and future implementations. The first part consists of theory development of the operation, physical parameters and architecture RFID. The second part focuses on the potential applications, benefits and drawbacks and several points of view; companies investing on behalf of RFID and have made successful actual deployments and organizations against. The third and last part discusses the negative impact that is a bad use of technology such as loss of privacy or confidentiality; suggest some security measures and solutions to the problem using regularization and standardization. Finally, it provides some conclusions of the current character, after studying RFID technology and the future after observing results of expectations.